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Carbides Precipitation and Secondary Hardening in Niobium-Titanium High-Speed Steels

  • Janusz Richter
Published/Copyright: May 13, 2013
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Practical Metallography
From the journal Practical Metallography Volume 46 Issue 1

Abstract

Secondary hardness due to carbide particles precipitation is a characteristic feature of highspeed steels (HSSs). The most dominant types of carbides responsible for this strengthening effect are MC and M2C ones, other species (M6C, M3C, M23C6) also being reported. They are typically within 5–30 nm range of size, of elongated shape and reach 3 % volume fraction. In the investigated niobium-titanium HSSs it was found that relatively large M23C6 type carbide particles provide a secondary hardness twice the value encountered in commercial grades produced conventionally or by powder metallurgy. The higher effectiveness of the M23C6 carbides was attributed to their higher volume fraction (approx. 5 %) and favourable plate-like shape. The role of the carbide forming elements in the experimental steels' crystallization and tempering was discussed.

Kurzfassung

Sekundärhärte die auf das Ausscheiden von Carbidteilchen zurückgeführt wird, ist ein charakteristisches Merkmal von Schnellarbeits-stählen (HSS-Stählen). Die am meisten vorherrschenden Arten von Carbiden, die für diesen Härtungseffekt verantwortlich zeichnen, sind MC- und M2C-Arten, wobei auch andere Arten (M6C, M3C, M23C6) genannt sind. Diese liegen typischerweise im Größenbereich von 5–30 nm, besitzen eine lang gestreckte Form und erreichen 3% Volumenanteil. Bei dem untersuchten Niobium-Titan-HSS-Stahl wurde festgestellt, dass verhältnismäßig große M23C6-Carbidteil-chen für eine Sekundärhärte mit dem zweifachen Wert sorgen, der in technischen Sorten anzutreffen ist, die in herkömmlicher Weise oder mit der Pulvermetallurgie hergestellt werden. Die höhere Effektivität der M23C6-Carbide wurde auf deren höheren Volumenanteil (annähernd 5%) und ihre günstige plättchenartige Form zurückgeführt. Es wird die Rolle der car-bid bildenden Elemente bei der Kristallisierung und dem Anlassen der experimentellen Stähle erläutert.

DSc, PhD, Engineer, deals with various aspects of tool materials, nickel and cobalt superalloys, quantitative materialography, methods of materials selection and has published about 70 articles in these fields. He is a member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University UK and of Polish Society for Stereology.

a Correspondence address/Korrespondezanschrift:

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Received: 2008-7-7
Accepted: 2008-9-1
Published Online: 2013-05-13
Published in Print: 2009-01-01

© 2009, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Inhalt
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. Thermisches Ätzen zur Bestimmung der Austenitkorngröße in kohlenstoffarmen Stählen
  7. Carbides Precipitation and Secondary Hardening in Niobium-Titanium High-Speed Steels
  8. Bildbericht der 42. Metallographietagung, Jena, 17.–19. September 2008
  9. Laudatio Roland-Mitsche-Preis
  10. Laudatio für Frank Mücklich
https://doi.org/10.3139/147.110002

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Inhalt
  3. Editorial
  4. Editorial
  5. Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge
  6. Thermisches Ätzen zur Bestimmung der Austenitkorngröße in kohlenstoffarmen Stählen
  7. Carbides Precipitation and Secondary Hardening in Niobium-Titanium High-Speed Steels
  8. Bildbericht der 42. Metallographietagung, Jena, 17.–19. September 2008
  9. Laudatio Roland-Mitsche-Preis
  10. Laudatio für Frank Mücklich
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