Phase precipitation in transition metal-containing 354-type alloys

Guillermo H. Garza-Elizondo; Agnes M. Samuel; Salvador Valtierra; Fawzy H. Samuel

doi:10.3139/146.111455

Article

Phase precipitation in transition metal-containing 354-type alloys

Guillermo H. Garza-Elizondo , Agnes M. Samuel , Salvador Valtierra and Fawzy H. Samuel

Published/Copyright: January 31, 2017

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Author Information

From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 108 Issue 2

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ni, Mn, Zr, and Sc additions, individually or in combination, on the microstructure of 354 casting alloy (Al-9 wt.% Si-1.8 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Mg). Microstructural examination and thermal analysis data showed that the main reactions detected during the solidification of the six 354 alloys (G1, G6–G10) investigated are: formation of the α-Al dendritic network; precipitation of Al-Si eutectic and post-eutectic β-Al₅FeSi; Mg₂Si phase; transformation of the β-phase into π-Al₈Mg₃FeSi₆ phase; and precipitation of Al₂Cu and Q-Al₅Mg₈Cu₂Si₆ phases. With 2 wt.% Ni addition, the formation of Al₉FeNi and Al₃CuNi phases is observed. In the base 354 alloy the main phases are restricted to Cu-, Mg-, and Fe-rich intermetallic phases. The Si particle characteristics and volume fraction of intermetallics are influenced by the solidification rate and Mg level, whereas addition of Fe and/or Mn has no significant influence. In alloy G9, Fe, Mn and Ni interact to form new intermetallic phases. An increased Fe content leads to formation of polyhedral/star-like sludge particles in addition to α-Fe and β-Al₅FeSi phases; the presence of the hard sludge particles within the soft α-Al dendrites improves the alloy properties.

Keywords: Aluminum alloys; Thermal analysis; Phase identification and quantification; Intermetallics

*Correspondence address, Dr. Fawzy H. Samuel, Professor, Département des Sciences appliquées, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi (Quebec) G7H 2B1, Canada, Tel.: +1418-545-5406, Fax: +1418-545-5012, E-mail: fhsamuel@uqac.ca

References

[1] C.H.Caceres, I.L.Svensson, J.A.Taylor: Int. J. Cast Metal. Res.15 (2003) 531.10.1080/13640461.2003.11819539Search in Google Scholar

[2] H.Ammar: PhD thesis, Influence of metallurgical parameters on the mechanical properties and quality indices of Al-Si-Cu-Mg and Al-Si-Mg casting alloys, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada (2010). 10.1522/030138582Search in Google Scholar

[3] G.E.Totten, D.S.McKenzie (Eds.): Handbook of Aluminum, Vol. 1: Physical Metallurgy and Process, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (2003). 10.1201/9780203912591Search in Google Scholar

[4] J.G.Kaufman, E.L.Rooy: Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processing, and Applications, ASM Int., Materials Park, OH, USA (2004).10.31399/asm.tb.aacppa.9781627083355Search in Google Scholar

[5] J.E.Hatch: Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, ASM Int., Metals Park, OH, USA (1984) 55–120.Search in Google Scholar

[6] ASM Handbook, Vol. 2: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Int., Metals Park, OH, USA (1990).Search in Google Scholar

[7] J.E.Gruzleski, B.M.Closset: The Treatment of Liquid Aluminum-Silicon Alloys, American Foundrymen's Society, Inc., Des Plaines (1990).Search in Google Scholar

[8] L.Heusler, W.Schneider: J. Light Met.2 (2002) 17. 10.1016/S1471-5317(02)00009-3Search in Google Scholar

[9] L.Lu, A.K.Dahle: Mater. Sci. Eng. A435–436 (2006) 288. 10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.081Search in Google Scholar

[10] S.G.Shabestari: Mater. Sci. Eng. A383 (2004) 289. 10.1016/S0921-5093(04)00832-9Search in Google Scholar

[11] J.L.Jorstad: Die Cast. Eng.30 (6) (1986) 30.Search in Google Scholar

[12] L.Narayanan, F.H.Samuel, J.E.Gruzleski: Metall. Trans. A25 (1994) 1761. 10.1007/BF02668540Search in Google Scholar

[13] T.O.Mbuya, B.O.Odera: Int. J. Cast Metal. Res.16 (2003) 451.10.1080/13640461.2003.11819622Search in Google Scholar

[14] S.P.Ringer, K.Hono: Mater. Charact.44 (2000) 101. 10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00051-0Search in Google Scholar

[15] G.H.Garza-Elizondo: PhD thesis, Effect of Ni, Mn, Zr and Sc additions on the performance of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada (2016).Search in Google Scholar

[16] A.M.Nabawy: PhD thesis, Influence of Zirconium and Scandium on the Microstructure, Tensile Properties, and Hot-Tearing Susceptibility of Al-2 wt%Cu-Based Alloys, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada (2010). 10.1522/030139020Search in Google Scholar

[17] P.Sepehrband, R.Mahmudi, F.Khomamizadeh: Scr. Mater.52 (2005) 253. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.025Search in Google Scholar

[18] D.Srinivasan, K.Chattopadahyay: Mater. Sci. Eng. A304–306 (2001) 534. 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01510-0Search in Google Scholar

[19] N.A.Belov, A.N.Alabin, D.G.Eskin, V.V.Istomin-Kastrovskii: J. Mater. Sci.41 (2006) 5890. 10.1007/s10853-006-0265-7Search in Google Scholar

[20] D.Srinivasan, K.Chattopadhyay: Metall. Mater. Trans. A36 (2005) 311. 10.1007/s11661-005-0304-zSearch in Google Scholar

[21] N.Ryum: Acta Metall.17 (1969) 269. 10.1016/0001-6160(69)90067-4Search in Google Scholar

[22] J.D.Robson, P.B.Pragnell: Mater. Sci. Eng. A352 (2003) 240. 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00894-8Search in Google Scholar

[23] E.Nes: Acta Metall.20 (1972) 499. 10.1016/0001-6160(72)90005-3Search in Google Scholar

[24] R.Mahmudi, P.Sepehrband, H.M.Ghasemi: Mater. Lett.60 (2006) 2606. 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.01.046Search in Google Scholar

[25] Z.Yin, Q.Pan, Y.Zhang, F.Jiang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A280 (2000) 151. 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00682-6Search in Google Scholar

[26] K.E.Knipling: PhD. thesis, Development of a nanoscale precipitation-strengthened creep-resistant aluminum alloy containing trialuminide precipitates, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA (2006).Search in Google Scholar

[27] W.L.Mankins, S.Lamb: in Metals Handbook, Vol. 2, Properties and Selection: Non-Ferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, 10^th Ed., ASM Int., Materials Park, OH, USA (1990).Search in Google Scholar

[28] J.G.Kaufman: Properties of aluminum alloys: Tensile, creep, and fatigue data at high and low temperatures, ASM Int., Materials Park, OH, USA (1999) 714–724.Search in Google Scholar

[29] D.N.Seidman, E.A.Marquis, D.C.Dunand: Acta Mater.50 (2002) 4021–4035. 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00201-XSearch in Google Scholar

[30] V.G.Davydov, T.D.Rostova, V.I.Yelagin: Mater. Sci. Eng. A280 (2000) 30–36. 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00652-8Search in Google Scholar

[31] E.A.Marquis, D.N.Seidman: Acta Mater.49 (2001) 1909. 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00116-1Search in Google Scholar

[32] L.Yuntao, L.Zhiyi, X.Qingkun, L.Yanbin: Metall. Mater. Trans. A38 (2007) 2853. 10.1007/s11661-007-9269-4Search in Google Scholar

[33] L.Bäckerud, G.Chai, J.Tamminen: Solidification Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys, Vol. 2, Foundry Alloys, AFS/Skanaluminium, Des Plaines, IL, USA (1990).Search in Google Scholar

[34] J.Hernandez-Sandoval: PhD thesis, Improving the performance of 354 type alloy, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada (2010). 10.1522/030147584Search in Google Scholar

[35] S.G.Shabestari, S.Ghodrat: Mater Sci. Eng. A467 (2007) 150. 10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.022Search in Google Scholar

[36] B.Closset, J.E.Gruzleski: Metall. Trans. A13 (1982) 945. 10.1007/BF02643389Search in Google Scholar

[37] M.B.Durdjevic, B.Duric, A.Mitrasinoniv, J.H.Sokolowski: Assoc. Metall. Eng. Serbia and Montenegro9 (2003) 91–106.Search in Google Scholar

[38] J.Barresi, M.J.Kerr, H.Wang, M.J.Couper: Trans. Am. Foundrymen Soc.108 (2000) 63.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Z.Ma, A.M.Samuel, F.H.Samuel, H.W.Doty, S.Valtierra: Mater. Sci. Eng. A490 (2008) 36. 10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.028Search in Google Scholar

[40] L.Lu, A.K.Dahle: Metall. Mater. Trans. A36A(3) (2005) 819. 10.1007/s11661-005-0196-ySearch in Google Scholar

[41] Z.Ma, A.M.Samuel, H.W.Doty, S.Valtierra, F.H.Samuel: Mater. Des.57 (2014) 366. 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.037Search in Google Scholar

[42] F.H.Samuel, A.M.Samuel, H.W.Doty: Trans. Am. Foundrymen Soc.104 (1996) 893.Search in Google Scholar

[43] E.E.M.Elgallad: PhD thesis, Effect of additives on the mechanical properties and machinability of a new aluminum-copper base alloy, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada (2010). 10.1522/030146241Search in Google Scholar

[44] F.Zeng, C.Xia, Y.Gu: J. Alloys Compd.363 (2004) 175. 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00393-1Search in Google Scholar

[45] J.-Z.Dang, Y.-F.Huang, J.Cheng: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China19 (2009) 540. 10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60309-XSearch in Google Scholar

[46] Y.-C.Ye, L.-J.He, P.-J.Li: Trans Nonferrous Met. Soc. China20 (2010) 465. 10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60163-1Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2016-04-11

Accepted: 2016-10-11

Published Online: 2017-01-31

Published in Print: 2017-02-10

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111455

Keywords for this article

Aluminum alloys; Thermal analysis; Phase identification and quantification; Intermetallics