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Numerical Optimization of Dental Implant Through the Concept of Functionally Graded Materials

  • Hassan S. Hedia
Published/Copyright: May 26, 2013
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 53 Issue 9

Abstract

The merge of materials science with the biological sciences has produced some advanced materials which are called functionally graded materials (FGMs) in order to provide the desired material characteristics. The FGMs concept originates in Japan in 1984 during the space plan project. FGMs are materials or structures in which the material properties vary with location in such a way as to optimize some functions of the overall FGMs.

It is well known that the main inorganic component of natural bone is hydroxyapatite (HAP) and that the main organic component is collagen (Col). Hydroxyapatite HAP implants are not bioabsorbable, and because induction of bone into and around the artificially made HAP is not always satisfactory, loosening or breakage of HAP implants may occur after implantation in the clinical application. The development of a new material which is bioabsorbable and which has osteoconductive activity is needed. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation is to design an implant, in the presence of cancellous bone as a thin layer around it, from functionally graded material. In this study, a novel biomaterial, collagen/hydroxyapatite (Col/HAP) as a functionally graded material (FGM), was developed using the finite element and optimization techniques which are available in the ANSYS package. These materials have a self-organized character similar to that of natural bone. The investigations have shown that the maximum stress in the cortical bone and cancellous bone for the Col/HAP functionally graded implant has been reduced by about 40% and 19% respectively compared to currently used titanium dental implants.

Kurzfassung

Die Verflechtung von Materialwissenschaften mit Biowissenschaften hat einige fortschrittliche Werkstoffe hervorgebracht, die sogenannten Gradientenwerkstoffe (Functionally Graded Materials, FGMs), um die benötigten Materialeigenschaften zu erreichen. Das Konzept der FGMs wurde 1984 in Japan im Rahmen eines Raumfahrtprogrammes begründet. FGMs sind Materialien oder Strukturen, in denen die Materialeigenschaften ortsbasiert in einer solchen Weise variieren, dass einige Funktionen über die gesamten FGMs optimiert werden können. Es ist bekannt, dass Hydroxyapatit (HAP) die hauptsächliche anorganische und Kollagen die hauptsächliche organische Komponente in natürlichen Knochen darstellt. Implantate aus Hydroxyapatit sind nicht bioabsorbierbar. Weil das Einwachsen von Knochen in und um künstlichen HAP nicht immer zufriedenstellend verläuft, können sich HAP-Implantate bei klinischen Anwendungen nach dem Einsetzen lockern oder brechen. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Werkstoffes, der bioabsorbierbar ist und eine osteokonduktive Aktivität aufweist, ist daher notwendig. Das Ziel der diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Untersuchungen war es daher, ein Implantat zu entwerfen, das bei der Anwesenheit von Spongiosa diese in einer dünnen Lage von FGM umgibt. In der Studie wurde ein neues Kollagen/Hydroxyapatit (Col/HAP)-Biomaterial als FGM entwickelt, in dem die Finite Elemente-Methode und Optimierungstechniken eingesetzt wurden, die im ANSYS-Paket enthalten sind. Die entwickelten Materialien haben einen selbstorganiserenden Charakter, ähnlich dem natürlichen Knochen. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die maximalen Spannungen im kortikalen Knochen und in der Spongiosa bei einem Col/HAP-Gradientenwerkstoff um 40% bzw. 19% gegenüber derzeit verwendeten Titandentalimplantaten reduziert werden können.

Prof. Dr. Hassan S. Hedia, born 1959, is Professor for Materials and Solid Mechanics at the King Abdulaziz University, KSA. He achieved his BSc in 1981 at the Mechanical Engineering Department from the Cairo University, Egypt. In 1989, he received his MSc degree in Production Engineering at the Mansoura University in Egypt. In 1996, he was awarded his PhD degree from the Mechanical Engineering Department, Leeds University, UK and from the Mansoura University, Egypt, according to the respective channel system. His field of research interest is covering advanced materials, fracture mechanics, stress analysis and biomechanics.

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Published Online: 2013-05-26
Published in Print: 2011-09-01

© 2011, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Inhalt
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Zur Auswertung von Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen im Zeitfestigkeitsbereich —
  5. Zur Auswertung von Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen im Zeitfestigkeitsbereich —
  6. General Standard for Welding Simulation*
  7. Influence of Depth Alignment of E-Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Dental Base Polymer Flexural Strength
  8. Effect of Casting Method of AZ91 D Magnesium Alloy on the Degradation Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid
  9. Shearing Mechanical Properties of Structural Planes of a Regular Tooth Rock
  10. Einfluss von Zusätzen auf phosphatgebundene hoch tonerdehaltige feuerfeste Materialien
  11. Surface Quality and Dimensional Accuracy of Gypsum Bonded Investment Flask Casting Moulds
  12. Numerical Optimization of Dental Implant Through the Concept of Functionally Graded Materials
  13. Characterization of Microstructural Changes in a Duplex Stainless Steel Using Spectral Analysis and Conventional Ultrasonic Techniques
  14. Kalender/Calendar
  15. Kalender
  16. Vorschau/Preview
  17. Vorschau
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110263

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Inhalt
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Zur Auswertung von Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen im Zeitfestigkeitsbereich —
  5. Zur Auswertung von Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen im Zeitfestigkeitsbereich —
  6. General Standard for Welding Simulation*
  7. Influence of Depth Alignment of E-Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Dental Base Polymer Flexural Strength
  8. Effect of Casting Method of AZ91 D Magnesium Alloy on the Degradation Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid
  9. Shearing Mechanical Properties of Structural Planes of a Regular Tooth Rock
  10. Einfluss von Zusätzen auf phosphatgebundene hoch tonerdehaltige feuerfeste Materialien
  11. Surface Quality and Dimensional Accuracy of Gypsum Bonded Investment Flask Casting Moulds
  12. Numerical Optimization of Dental Implant Through the Concept of Functionally Graded Materials
  13. Characterization of Microstructural Changes in a Duplex Stainless Steel Using Spectral Analysis and Conventional Ultrasonic Techniques
  14. Kalender/Calendar
  15. Kalender
  16. Vorschau/Preview
  17. Vorschau
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