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Optimization of Formation Reaction Conversions of Fatty Acid Amidopropyl Dimethylamines

Published/Copyright: January 24, 2019
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 56 Issue 1

Abstract

The present study focuses on the optimization of conversions of cocamidopropyl and palmamidopropyl dimethylamine formation reactions in which the byproduct water was or was not distilled during the syntheses. Reactions without water removal were conducted in conjunction with a central composite experimental design to investigate the effects of reaction temperature (120 °C – 160 °C) and reaction time (4 h – 10 h) on the reaction conversions. Quadratic models were observed to be the best-fitting models, with 99.9 % confidence levels, and yielded errors less than 2.86 %, including the control experiments. Response surface graphs demonstrated that the optimum reaction temperature and reaction time were 155 °C – 160 °C and 6.85 h – 7.45 h, respectively, with 83 % – 84 % reaction conversions. In contrast, the reactions that included water removal were performed at a fixed temperature of 160 °C and a varying reaction time between 3 h and 7 h. The results were fitted to secondorder polynomial equations. The optimum reaction conversions were observed to be ∼95 % for reaction times of 6.62 – 7.05 h. The increase in reaction conversions compared with the conversions obtained in the absence of water removal revealed that a cost saving of 11.9 % can be achieved with respect to raw material cost per 1 ton of amidoamine produced.

Kurzfassung

Die vorliegende Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Optimierung des Umsatzes der Bildungsreaktionen von Cocamidopropyl- und Palamidopropyldimethylamiden, wobei das Nebenprodukt Wasser während der Synthesen entweder abdestilliert oder nicht abdestilliert wurde. Die Reaktionen ohne Wasserentfernung wurden anhand eines zentral-zusammengesetzten Versuchsplans (central composite experimental design = CCD-Versuchsplan)durchgeführt, um die Einflüsse der Reaktionstemperatur im Bereich von 120 °C–160 °C und der Reaktionszeit in Bereich von 4 h – 10 h auf die Reaktionsumsätze zu untersuchen. Es wurde gefunden, dass Quadratische Modelle sich als die besten Anpassungsmodelle mit Vertrauensbereichen von 99,9 % erwiesen, die Fehler von weniger als 2,86 % erzielten, einschließlich der Kontrollversuche. Die Response-Surface-Diagramme zeigten, dass die optimale Reaktionstemperatur im Bereich von 155 °C – 160 °C und die optimale Reaktionszeit im Bereich von 6.85 h – 7.45 h lagen. Die Reaktionsumsätze betrugen unter diesen Bedingungen 83 %–84 %. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden die Reaktionen mit Wasserentfernung bei einer festen Temperatur von 160 °C durchgeführt. Die Reaktionszeit variierte zwischen 3 und 7 Stunden. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit einer Polynomgleichung zweiter Ordnung angepasst. Die optimalen Reaktionsumsätze von ∼95 % wurden erreicht bei Reaktionszeiten von 6.62 bis 7.05 Stunden. Die Zunahme der Reaktionsumsätze wurde mit den Umsätzen verglichen, die bei den Reaktionen ohne Wasserentfernung erzielt wurden. Der Vergleich zeigte, dass eine Kosteneinsparung von 11,9 % hinsichtlich der Rohmaterialkosten pro produzierter Tonne Amidoamin erzielt werden kann.

Key words: Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine; palmamidopropyl dimethylamine; reaction conversion; optimization; response surface methodology
Stichwörter: Cocamidopropyldimethylamin; Palmamidopropyldimethylamin; Reaktionsumwandlung; Optimierung; Reaktionsoberflächenmethodik
*Correspondence address, Dr. Korkut Açıkalın, Yalova University Energy Systems, Engineering Department, Çınarcık yolu üzeri, Merkez Yerleşke, B Blok, 77200, Yalova, Turkey, Tel.: (+90) 22 68 15 53 72, Fax: (+90) 22 68 15 61 97, E-Mail:

Korkut Açıkalın graduated from the Chemical Engineering Department of Gazi University (Ankara, Turkey) in 2000. He received M. Sc. and Ph. D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Yıldız Technical University (İstanbul, Turkey) where he also worked as a Research and Teaching Assistant in Process and Reactor Design Discipline of Chemical Engineering Department between 2001 and 2011. In 2011, he started to work as a Research Specialist in Detergent Technologies Group of R & D Department at Hayat Kimya San. A. Ş. (Kocaeli, Turkey), and managed projects including governmentally funded ones. He worked as a Patent Specialist in the same company between 2014 and 2015. He currently works as an assistant professor in Energy Systems Engineering Department of Yalova University (Yalova, Turkey) where he joined in 2015.

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Received: 2018-05-10
Accepted: 2018-07-19
Published Online: 2019-01-24
Published in Print: 2019-01-21

© 2019, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Review of the Year 2018
  5. Short Communication
  6. How Can Online Tools Help One Learn About and Improve Consumer Behaviour: Exemplarily, Laundry and Dishwashing Treatments?
  7. Review Article
  8. Novel Methods for Efficacy Testing of Disinfectants – Part I
  9. Detergent Analysis
  10. Simultaneous Determination of Two Alcohols and One Anionic Surfactant in Commercial Liquid Cleaners Using Partial Least Square Regression by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
  11. Novel Surfactants
  12. Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Biocompatible Non-ionic Surfactants and Investigation for Their Self-Assembly Based Nano-Scale Vesicles
  13. Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Salts of Sulfonated Cardanol Polyethoxylates
  14. Synthesis of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystals by a New Organosilane Template with Double-carbamate Carbon Chains
  15. Physical Chemistry
  16. Micellization and Counterion Binding Behavior of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Bromide and Tetrabutylammonium Bromide
  17. Synergistic Properties of a Mixed Micelle System Consisting of a Nonionic Fluorinated Surfactant and a Cationic Surfactant
  18. Synthesis
  19. Optimization of Formation Reaction Conversions of Fatty Acid Amidopropyl Dimethylamines
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110596
Keywords for this article
Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine; palmamidopropyl dimethylamine; reaction conversion; optimization; response surface methodology

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. Review of the Year 2018
  5. Short Communication
  6. How Can Online Tools Help One Learn About and Improve Consumer Behaviour: Exemplarily, Laundry and Dishwashing Treatments?
  7. Review Article
  8. Novel Methods for Efficacy Testing of Disinfectants – Part I
  9. Detergent Analysis
  10. Simultaneous Determination of Two Alcohols and One Anionic Surfactant in Commercial Liquid Cleaners Using Partial Least Square Regression by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
  11. Novel Surfactants
  12. Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Biocompatible Non-ionic Surfactants and Investigation for Their Self-Assembly Based Nano-Scale Vesicles
  13. Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Salts of Sulfonated Cardanol Polyethoxylates
  14. Synthesis of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystals by a New Organosilane Template with Double-carbamate Carbon Chains
  15. Physical Chemistry
  16. Micellization and Counterion Binding Behavior of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Bromide and Tetrabutylammonium Bromide
  17. Synergistic Properties of a Mixed Micelle System Consisting of a Nonionic Fluorinated Surfactant and a Cationic Surfactant
  18. Synthesis
  19. Optimization of Formation Reaction Conversions of Fatty Acid Amidopropyl Dimethylamines
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