Determination of Surface-Active Characteristics of a Natural Surfactant Extracted from Sapindus Saponaria
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Aileen Lozsan
Abstract
The pulp of the fruit of Sapindus saponaria (soapnut tree) consists mainly of saponin. Surface-active characteristics of this raw saponin such as critical micelle concentration, area per molecule and, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance were investigated; this information is valuable to assess its implementation in different applications of industrial interest. By using surface tension measures and dynamic light scattering studies, the value of critical micelle concentration was found in the range of 0.03 – 0.046 g mL−1. Further increase in the concentration of crude saponin leads to a constant value of surface tension (44 mN m−1). These results were analyzed using the Gibbs adsorption isotherm yielding an estimated value of the area occupied per molecule at the air/water interface of 57.2 Å2. Besides, Griffin method was used to determine the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (14.3). Sapindus saponaria extract properties are comparable to that of commercial surfactants, hence it could be used as an economical biosurfactant.
Kurzfassung
Das Fruchtfleisch des Waschnussbaums (Sapindus saponaria) besteht hauptsächlich aus Saponin. Die oberflächenaktiven Eigenschaften dieses Rohsaponins, wie die kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentration, die Fläche pro Molekül und das hydrophilelipophile Gleichgewicht, wurden untersucht, um mit diesen Informationen die industriellen Verwendungsmöglickeiten des Saponins bewerten zu können. Mittels Messungen der Oberflächenspannung und der dynamischen Lichtstreuung wurde die kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentration im Bereich von 0,03 – 0,046 g mL−1 gefunden. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Konzentration an Rohsaponin führt zu einem konstanten Wert der Oberflächenspannung (44 mN m−1). Diese Ergebnisse wurden unter Verwendung der Gibbs-Adsorptionsisotherme analysiert, wodurch sich für den minimalen Platzbedarf des Rohsaponins an der Luft/Wasser-Grenzfläche ein Wert von 57,2 Ų ergab. Außerdem wurde die Griffin-Methode zur Bestimmung des hydrophilen-lipophilen HLB-Wertes (14.3) verwendet. Die Eigenschaften des Sapindus saponaria-Extrakts sind mit denen handelsüblicher Tenside vergleichbar; daher kann er als ökonomisches Biosurfactant verwendet werden.
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© 2017, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Review
- Origin, Properties, Production and Purification of Microbial Surfactants as Molecules with Immense Commercial Potential
- Novel Surfactants
- Determination of Surface-Active Characteristics of a Natural Surfactant Extracted from Sapindus Saponaria
- Environmental Chemistry
- Effect of Contaminated Water with Laundry Detergent on Foxtail Millet Root and Physiological Traits
- Washing Technology
- Influence of Water Circulation in Household Washing Machines on Cleaning Performance
- Physical Chemistry
- Approach of Different Properties of Alkylammonium Surfactants using Artificial Intelligence and Response Surface Methodology
- Micellar Parameters of Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Bromide in Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids at Different Temperatures: Conductometric, Surface Tension, Volumetric and Viscosity Study
- Cloud Point of Mixed Ionic-Nonionic Surfactant Solutions in the Presence of Inorganic Salts
- Surface/Interfacial Tension, Wettability and Foaming Properties of Bi-Component Nonylphenol Alkyl Sulfonates based on Linear Alpha Olefin
- Application
- Characterization and Surface Active Properties of Aliphatic Glycerol Acetal Disodium Sulfosuccinates
- A Comparative Study on the Cloud Point Extraction Behavior of Copper(II) from Sulphate Medium by N,N′-Bis(Salicylidene)Ethylenediamine using Triton X-100 and Tergitol 15-S-7 as Non-ionic Surfactants
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Review
- Origin, Properties, Production and Purification of Microbial Surfactants as Molecules with Immense Commercial Potential
- Novel Surfactants
- Determination of Surface-Active Characteristics of a Natural Surfactant Extracted from Sapindus Saponaria
- Environmental Chemistry
- Effect of Contaminated Water with Laundry Detergent on Foxtail Millet Root and Physiological Traits
- Washing Technology
- Influence of Water Circulation in Household Washing Machines on Cleaning Performance
- Physical Chemistry
- Approach of Different Properties of Alkylammonium Surfactants using Artificial Intelligence and Response Surface Methodology
- Micellar Parameters of Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Bromide in Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids at Different Temperatures: Conductometric, Surface Tension, Volumetric and Viscosity Study
- Cloud Point of Mixed Ionic-Nonionic Surfactant Solutions in the Presence of Inorganic Salts
- Surface/Interfacial Tension, Wettability and Foaming Properties of Bi-Component Nonylphenol Alkyl Sulfonates based on Linear Alpha Olefin
- Application
- Characterization and Surface Active Properties of Aliphatic Glycerol Acetal Disodium Sulfosuccinates
- A Comparative Study on the Cloud Point Extraction Behavior of Copper(II) from Sulphate Medium by N,N′-Bis(Salicylidene)Ethylenediamine using Triton X-100 and Tergitol 15-S-7 as Non-ionic Surfactants
