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Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Study of Toxic Metals Extraction by Novel Thio-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant

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Published/Copyright: September 15, 2015
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 52 Issue 5

Abstract

A new thio-based non-ionic surfactant 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-te-tradecanoylthiourea has been synthesized from potassium thiocyanate, tetradecanoyl chloride and 3-chloroanaline. The purity of the compound was characterized by techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR. The compound was used to detect the toxic metals like copper, mercury and manganese by using UV-Visible spectrophotometric technique. The compound is able to act as a ligand as well to form micelles. Due to this the compound extracts these toxic metals in form of solubilization and complexation. The extracted metals settle down to the bottom in a water tank. The visible change in color with time proves the interaction of the compound with the metals. The compound having carbonyl as well as sulfur groups have soft corner to metal for complexation. This will be used to remove toxic metals from polluted soil and soft drinking surface and underground water. The surfactant is easily synthesized, very economical and environmentally acceptable. The CMC of the surfactant is also determined.

Kurzfassung

Ein neues nicht-ionisches Thiotensid (1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-tetradecanoylthiourea) wurde aus Kaliumthiocyant, Tetradecanolychlorid und 3-Chloranilin synthetisiert. Die Reinheit der Verbindung wurde mit 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR bestimmt. Die Verbindung wurde eingesetzt, um toxische Metalle wie Kupfer, Quecksilber und Mangan mit der UV-Vis-Spektrophotometrie zu detektieren. Die Verbindung kann sowohl als Ligand agieren als auch Mizellen bilden. Daher kann man mit der Verbindung die toxischen Metalle extrahieren, in dem man sie einerseits komplexiert und andererseits solubilisiert. Dabei setzen sich die Metalle am Grund des Wassertanks ab. Die sichtbare Farbveränderung mit der Zeit belegt die Wechselwirkung der Verbindung mit den Metallen. Die Verbindung hat sowohl Cabonyl- als auch Schwefelhaltige Gruppen, weshalb das Molekül weiche Ecken für die Komplerierung hat. Dies wird für die Entfernung von toxischen Metallen aus verschmutzem Boden, Oberflächen- und Grundwässern ausgenutzt. Das Tensid lässt sich einfach synthetisieren und ist sowohl ökonomisch als auch ökologisch akzeptabel. Die CMC des Tensids wurde ebenfalls bestimmt.

Key words: Non-ionic surfactant; extraction of toxic metals; critical micelle concentration; spectrophotometry
Stichwörter: Nicht-ionisches Tensid; Extraktion toxischer Metalle; kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentation; Spektrophotometrie
*Correspondence address, Dr. Imdad Ullah, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan, Tel.: +92-51 90 64 21 10, Fax: +92-51 90 64 22 41, E-Mail:

Imdad Ullah (Gold medalist in M.Sc) is an assistant professor of Physical Chemistry in the government college of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He completed his Ph.D from the Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan. Currently, he is visiting scholar status at the school of chemistry, -Monash University Clayton, VIC. Australia. He has synthesized more than fifty new thiourea-based surfactants and working on their environment friendly applications such as extraction of toxic metals and corrosion inhibitions.

Afzal Shah, an assistant professor in Quaid-iAzam University, received his Ph.D in physical Chemistry from QAU in 2010 under the indigenous Ph.D program launched by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. His research interests include elucidation of electrode reaction mechanism of biologically important molecules and development of new synthetic routes for the preparation of environmental friendly surfactants.

Musharaf Khan, lecturer in Biology in Federal college Mardan, Pakistan, received his PhD in biological science from Peshawar University, Pakistan. His research interest includes medicinal plants and taxonomy. He is also working on biosurfactants synthesis and their medicinal use in many drugs and foods.

Shahan Zeb Khan got his M. Sc. and M.Phil degrees from QAU. Islamabad. Currently he is doing PhD from QAU under the supervision of Dr. Zia-ur-Rehman. His research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of surfactants and medicinal applications of metal based compounds.

Zia-ur-Rehman earned his Ph.D from the Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad in 2009 under the HEC indigenous program. Through a HEC IRSEP scholarship he studied in McGill University, Canada. Presently, he is assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. His research interests include discovery of new metal-based anticancer drugs and their targeted delivery via loading in micelles of body compatible surfactants.

Amin Badshah is a professor in chemistry at Quaid-i-Azam University, Ismalabad, Pakistan. He has focused on the synthesis, characterization and applications of surfactants and medicinal compounds. His name is in the list of “Leading Scientists and Engineers of OIC Member States”, published by COMSTECH Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Received: 2014-09-15
Accepted: 2014-11-03
Published Online: 2015-09-15
Published in Print: 2015-09-15

© 2015, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Review Article
  4. How to Improve Sustainability and Environmentally Friendly Behaviour in Automatic Dishwashing? Example: Germany
  5. Physical Chemistry
  6. αs-Casein-PE6400 Mixtures: Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
  7. Effect of Alcohols on Phase Stability of Ionic Liquid Microemulsions
  8. The Effect on Solution Properties of Replacing a Hydrogen Atom with a Methyl Group in a Surfactant
  9. Application
  10. New Approach of Sucrose Myristate as a Promising Penetration Enhancer in Dermal Preparations
  11. Environmental Chemistry
  12. Identification of Non-ionic Surfactants in Elements of the Aquatic Environment
  13. Synthesis
  14. Synthesis and Properties of 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid Type Gemini Surfactants with Semifluoroalkyl Chain as Hydrophobic Group
  15. Solvent Free Synthesis of Four Cationic Surfactants: Evaluation of Their Corrosion Inhibition Properties on Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coating on Mild Steel
  16. Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Study of Toxic Metals Extraction by Novel Thio-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant
  17. Analysis
  18. Eco-favourable Mobile Phase in Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Surfactants: Resolution of Coexisting Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Triton X 100
https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110392
Keywords for this article
Non-ionic surfactant; extraction of toxic metals; critical micelle concentration; spectrophotometry

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Review Article
  4. How to Improve Sustainability and Environmentally Friendly Behaviour in Automatic Dishwashing? Example: Germany
  5. Physical Chemistry
  6. αs-Casein-PE6400 Mixtures: Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
  7. Effect of Alcohols on Phase Stability of Ionic Liquid Microemulsions
  8. The Effect on Solution Properties of Replacing a Hydrogen Atom with a Methyl Group in a Surfactant
  9. Application
  10. New Approach of Sucrose Myristate as a Promising Penetration Enhancer in Dermal Preparations
  11. Environmental Chemistry
  12. Identification of Non-ionic Surfactants in Elements of the Aquatic Environment
  13. Synthesis
  14. Synthesis and Properties of 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid Type Gemini Surfactants with Semifluoroalkyl Chain as Hydrophobic Group
  15. Solvent Free Synthesis of Four Cationic Surfactants: Evaluation of Their Corrosion Inhibition Properties on Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coating on Mild Steel
  16. Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Study of Toxic Metals Extraction by Novel Thio-Based Non-Ionic Surfactant
  17. Analysis
  18. Eco-favourable Mobile Phase in Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Surfactants: Resolution of Coexisting Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Triton X 100
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