Surface and Fluorescence Studies of Bis-Sulfosuccinate Anionic Gemini Surfactants Derived from Dodecanol Using Different Flexible Methylene Chains as Spacers

Vinayika Singh; Rashmi Tyagi

doi:10.3139/113.110380

Article

Surface and Fluorescence Studies of Bis-Sulfosuccinate Anionic Gemini Surfactants Derived from Dodecanol Using Different Flexible Methylene Chains as Spacers

Vinayika Singh and Rashmi Tyagi

Published/Copyright: July 9, 2015

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From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 52 Issue 4

Abstract

An effort has been made to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the fluorescence and surface active properties of dodecanol based bis-sulfosuccinate anionic gemini surfactants using α,ω-dibromo alkanes (BSGSLA_1,4; BSGSLA_1,6 and BSGSLA_1,8). The chemical structures of the synthesized surfactants were confirmed by spectroscopic analytical techniques viz. elementary analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Numerous surface active properties viz. surface tension at CMC (Υ_CMC), critical micelle concentration (CMC), efficiency of adsorption of surfactant (pC₂₀), surface pressure at the CMC (π_CMC), adsorption amount of surfactant (Γ_max) and minimum area per molecule (A_min) were determined for synthesized surfactants. Low CMC value, larger pC₂₀ consequently higher surface activity, higher Γ_max value and lower A_min values for the surfactants with higher flexible spacer length [(CH₂)₈] were observed. The experimental data indicated that a gemini surfactant with a larger hydrophobic flexible spacer [(CH₂)₈] was more readily able to form micelles which leads to a lower CMC value, larger aggregation number, and a more closely packed micelle structure. The results also indicated that a greater aggregation number and a higher micropolarity can be achieved when concentration of gemini surfactants was increased.

Kurzfassung

Es wurden anionische, auf Dodecanol basierende Bis-Sulfosuccinat-Geminitenside unter Verwendung von α,ω-Dibromoalkanen (BSGSLA_1,4; BSGSLA_1,6 and BSGSLA_1,8) synthetisiert. Die Fluoreszenz und ihre oberflächenaktiven Eigenschaften wurden bestimmt. Die chemischen Strukturen der synthetisierten Tenside wurden mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Analysentechniken wie Elementaranalyse, Fourier-Transformations-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (FT-IR) und Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) bestätigt. Zahlreiche oberflächenaktive Eigenschaften der synthetisierten Tenside wie die Oberflächenspannung bei der CMC (Υ_CMC), die kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentration (CMC), die Adsorptionsleistung der Tenside (pC₂₀), der Oberflächendruck bei der CMC (π_CMC), die Adsorptionsmenge des Tensids (Γ_max) und der minimale Platzbedarf pro Molekül an der Oberfläche wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Es wurden niedrige CMC-, größere pC₂₀-Werte, sowie eine höhere Oberflächenaktivität, höhere Γ_max-Werte und niedrigere A_min-Werte für diese Tenside festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass ein Gemninitensid mit einem größeren und flexiblen hydrophoben Spacer [(CH₂)₈] schneller Mizellen bilden konnte, was zu einer geringeren CMC, zu einer höheren Aggregationszahl und zu einer enger gepackten mizellaren Struktur führt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten ebenfalls, dass eine größere Aggregationszahl und eine höhere Mikropolarität erreicht werden konnte, wenn die Konzentration des Tensids erhöht wurde.

Key words: Bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactants; surface active properties; critical micelle concentration; aggregation number; micropolarity

Stichwörter: Bis-Sulfosuccinat-Geminitenside; oberflächenaktive Eigenschaften; kritische Mizellenbildungskonzentration; Aggregationszahl; Mikropolarität

*Correspondence address, Dr. Rashmi Tyagi, Associate Professor Industry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Raghogarh, Guna (M.P.), India, Mobile No.: -0 94 25 79 83 95, Fax No.: -0 75 44-26 70 11, E-Mail: rashmi_tyagi1970@yahoo.co.in

Dr. Rashmi Tyagi completed her Ph. D. in Chemistry in 1990 and obtained her second Master and second Ph. D. in Chemical Technology in 2003 and 2005 respectively form HBTI Kanpur. She is working as Associate Professor, in Department of Chemical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna Madhya Pradesh, India since 2006.

Vinayika Singh has completed her M. Sc. degree from Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India, and is presently working as a Senior Research Fellow for the Project funded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India. She is persuing her research work under the supervision of Dr. Rashmi Tyagi at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, M.P. India.

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Received: 2014-06-24

Accepted: 2015-01-14

Published Online: 2015-07-09

Published in Print: 2015-07-15

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110380

Keywords for this article

Bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactants; surface active properties; critical micelle concentration; aggregation number; micropolarity