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Molecular, Surface, Thermodynamic Properties and Biodegradability of Nonionic Surfactants Based on Castor Oil

  • E. A. M. Gad , E. M. S. Azzam , I. Aiad and W. I. M. El-azab
Published/Copyright: April 2, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 46 Issue 5

Abstract

A series of nonionic surfactants containing different chains of polyethylene oxide monomethyl ether [–O(CH2CH2O)xCH3, x = 7, 12, 16, 44 and 112] based on castor oil were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed using FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. Structural effects of the synthesized surfactants on surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration (cmc) and hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) were investigated. The effect of structural features on their surface behavior is analyzed through changes in surface properties, including effectiveness (πcmc) and efficiency (PC20) of adsorption, the surface excess concentration (Γmax) and the area per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface at surface saturation (Amin). Thermodynamic properties, adsorption and micellezation of the prepared surfactant in addition to their biodegradability were investigated.

Kurzfassung

Eine Reihe auf Castoröl basierender nichtionischer Tenside wurde synthetisiert, die verschiedene Ketten aus Polyethylenoxidmonomethylether [–O(CH2CH2O)xCH3, x = 7, 12, 16, 44 and 112] enthalten. Ihr Aufbau wurde durch FTIR-, 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektren bestätigt. Die konstruktiven Einflüsse der synthetisierten Tenside auf die Oberflächenspannung (γ), kritische Mizellbildungskonzentration (cmc) und Hydrophil-Lipophil-Balance (HLB) wurden untersucht. Der Einfluss der konstruktiven Eigenschaften auf das Oberflächenverhalten ist durch die Änderungen der Oberflächeneigenschaften analysiert, einschließlich Effektivität (πcmc) und Adsorptionswirkung (PC20), Oberflächenüberschusskonzentration (Γmax) und Fläche pro Tensidmolekül an der Luft-/Wasser-Grenzfläche bei Oberflächensättigung (Amin). Die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften, Adsorption und Mizellierung der dargestellten Tenside sowie deren biologische Abbaubarkeit wurden untersucht.

Key words:: Nonionic surfactants; castor oil; surface properties; thermodynamic parameters; biodegradation
Stichwörter:: Nichtionische Tenside; Castoröl; Oberflächeneigenschaften; thermodynamische Parameter; biologische Abbaubarkeit
∗ Elshafie A. M. Gad, Applied Surfactants Lab., Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt, E-Mail:

Elshafie A. M. Gad, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. of Petroleum & Petrochemicals. Petrochemicals Dept. Applied surface active agent lab., Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Fields of interests are Surfactances & Computational Chemistry.

Eid Mahmoud Sayed Azzam, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. of Surfactants. Petrochemicals Dept. Applied surface active agent lab., Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Fields of interests are Surfactances & Nanoparticles.

I. Aiad, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. of Surfactants. Petrochemicals Dept. Applied surface active agent lab., Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Fields of Surfactances & Admixtures for cements.

W. I. M. El-Azab, M.Sc. Researcher in Analytical & Evaluation Dept. of the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Fields of interests are Surfactances & Analytical Techniques.

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Received: 2008-12-08
Revised: 2009-05-12
Published Online: 2013-04-02
Published in Print: 2009-09-01

© 2009, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Micelles Activated Planar Chromatographic Separation of Hydrophilic Vitamins
  7. Molecular, Surface, Thermodynamic Properties and Biodegradability of Nonionic Surfactants Based on Castor Oil
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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110031
Keywords for this article
Nonionic surfactants; castor oil; surface properties; thermodynamic parameters; biodegradation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Micelles Activated Planar Chromatographic Separation of Hydrophilic Vitamins
  7. Molecular, Surface, Thermodynamic Properties and Biodegradability of Nonionic Surfactants Based on Castor Oil
  8. Basic Science
  9. Characterization of Commercial Polysorbates Using Different Chromatographic Techniques
  10. Environmental Chemistry
  11. Synthesis of Nanocrystal TiO2 and Study of Photocatalytic Degradation Property
  12. Novel Surfactants
  13. Reversible Performance of Dodecyl Tetramethyl Guanidine Solution Induced by CO2 Trigger
  14. Physical Chemistry
  15. Synergism in Mixed Anionic–Amphoteric Surfactant Solutions: Influence of Anionic Surfactant Chain Length
  16. Phase Behavior of Microemulsions Prepared from Surfactant-like Ionic Liquids
  17. Technical Chemistry
  18. Aqueous Solution Properties, Biodegradability, and Antimicrobial Activity of some Alkylpolyglycosides Surfactants
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