Oxo-Alcohol Ethoxylates: Surface and Thermodynamic Properties and Effect of Various Additives on the Cloud Point

L. J. N. Duarte; J. P. Canselier

doi:10.3139/113.100272

Article

Oxo-Alcohol Ethoxylates: Surface and Thermodynamic Properties and Effect of Various Additives on the Cloud Point

L. J. N. Duarte and J. P. Canselier

Published/Copyright: May 8, 2013

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From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 42 Issue 5

Abstract

In this study the thermodynamic properties of various Oxo-alcohol ethoxylates related to their adsorption at the air/water interface and to their micellization have been studied. The effect of various additives, including electrolytes, alcohols, polar aromatic solutes, and ionic and nonionic surfactants on the cloud point of aqueous solutions of the same surfactants has also been investigated. Salting-out electrolytes lower the cloud point while salting-in species raise it. Except for the totally water-miscible alcohols, most hydroxylated compounds lower the cloud point. Phenols, aromatic alcohols, and amines seem to interact preferentially with the ethylene oxide groups of the micelles, leading to strong dehydration, and consequently lowering the cloud point. On the contrary, by forming mixed micelles, an anionic surfactant strongly raises the cloud point of the nonionic.

Kurzfassung

In dieser Arbeit wurden die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften von verschiedenen Oxo-Alkoholethoxylate bezüglich ihrer Adsorption an der Luft/Wasser-Grenzfläche und ihrer Mizellbildung studiert. Der Einfluss verschiedener Additive, einschließlich Elektrolyte, Alkohole, polare aromatische gelöste Substanzen sowie ionische und nichtionische Tenside auf den Trübungspunkt wässriger Lösungen der selben Tenside wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Aussalzende Elektrolyte erniedrigen den Trübungspunkt, während einsalzende Spezies diesen erhöhen. Bis auf die völlig wassermischbaren Alkohole erniedrigen die meisten hydroxylierten Verbindungen den Trübungspunkt. Phenole, aromatische Alkohole und Amine scheinen Wechselwirkungen vorzugsweise mit den Ethylenoxidgruppen der Mizellen einzugehen, was zu einer starken Dehydratisierung führt und somit den Trübungspunkt senkt. Im Gegenteil, bei Bildung von Mischmizellen, erhöht ein anionisches Tensid stark den Trübungspunkt des nichtionischen.

Keywords:: Alcohol ethoxylates; micellization; thermodynamic properties; additives; cloud point

Schlüsselwörter: Alkoholethoxylate; Mizellbildung; thermodynamische Eigenschaften; Additive; Trübungspunkt

¹J. P. Canselier, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR CNRS 5503) ENSIACET-INPT/UPS Tel.: 33(0)5 34 61 52 54, Fax: 33(0)5 34 61 52 53 BP 1301, F31106 Toulouse Cedex 01, France E-mail: JeanPaul.Canselier@ensiacet.fr

Jean Paul Canselier, Engineer in Chemistry (1965), Dr. Ing.(1969) then “Dr. D'Etat” (1980) in Physical Organic Chemistry, is currently Associate Professor at the “Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques” (ENSIACET), part of the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (France). In the “Laboratoire de Génie Chimique” he has been working on surfactants and interfacial phenomena for more than 20 years, namely on the following topics:

– Preparation, analysis and properties of α-olefinsulfonates, alkanesulfonates, sulfonates from dimer acids and undecylenic acid,

– Microemulsions for enhanced oil recovery,

– Mixed micelles: anionic-nonionic, cationic-anionic,

– Effect of surfactants on crystallization,

– Emulsification, especially under insonation,

– Two-aqueous phase extraction,

– Formulation: Detergents, dishwasher rinse aids, cutting oils, drilling fluids …

Lindemberg de Jesus Nogueira Duarte, Chemical Engineer (1999), then Master in Chemical Engineering (Mestrado of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil), sat for a thesis (PhD) in Process and Environmental Engineering at the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (France) in 2005 on the following topic: Two-aqueous phase extraction with polyethoxylated alcohols for the removal of organic pollutants and metal ions. This latter work has been published in part in two journal papers and two Symposium Proceedings. The unpublished results are going to give rise to a patent.

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Received: 2005-4-22

Published Online: 2013-05-08

Published in Print: 2005-11-01

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100272

Keywords for this article

Alcohol ethoxylates; micellization; thermodynamic properties; additives; cloud point