Dynamic Surface Tension: Industrial Applications and Characterisation of Commercial Surfactants*

Dennis Miller; Clariant GmbH

doi:10.3139/113.100263

Article

Dynamic Surface Tension: Industrial Applications and Characterisation of Commercial Surfactants^*

Dennis Miller and Clariant GmbH

Published/Copyright: May 8, 2013

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From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 42 Issue 4

Abstract

In recent years dynamic surface tension has become increasingly used in industrial laboratories. For a wide range of applications it can be used to improve surfactant selection.

Dynamic surface tension is a non-linear function of surface age and concentration. This must be taken into account when comparing surfactants. The concepts of effectiveness (magnitude of effect) and efficiency (concentration required for desired effect) are discussed. Efficiency parameters are more time-consuming to measure, but may give more relevant and reliable information.

A ring test with an anionic surfactant using the maximum bubble pressure method showed good agreement between six laboratories. The results indicated that c₂₀ (concentration for reducing surface tension by 20 mN m⁻¹) at 0.1 s lifetime is a robust parameter for surfactant characterisation.

Kurzfassung

In den letzten Jahren wurde in industriellen Laboratorien zunehmend die dynamische Oberflächenspannung untersucht. Für viele Anwendungen können solche Messungen benutzt werden, um die Auswahl geeigneter Tenside zu verbessern.

Die dynamische Oberflächenspannung hängt nichtlinear sowohl von dem Oberflächenalter als auch von der Konzentration ab. Beim Vergleich von Tensiden muß dies berücksichtigt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Effektivität (Größe des Effekts) und Effizienz (Konzentration, die für den gewünschten Effekt benötigt wird) erläutert. Parameter, die die Effizienz beschreiben sind zwar zeitaufwändiger zu messen, können aber oft zuverlässigere und praxisrelevantere Information ergeben.

In einem Ringtest mit sechs Laboratorien wurde ein anionisches Tensid mit der Blasendruck-Methode gemessen. Die Ergebnisse wurden als c₂₀ dargestellt (die Konzentration, die benötigt wird um die Oberflächenspannung um 20 mN m⁻¹ zu erniedrigen), bei einem Oberflächenalter von 0.1 s. Dies ist ein unempfindlicher Parameter für die Charakterisierung von Tensiden.

Keywords:: dynamic surface tension; maximum bubble pressure method

Schlüsselwörter: dynamische Oberflächenspannung; Blasendruck-Methode

^* Presented at the 6th World Surfactants Congress, Berlin, 2004

²Dr. Dennis Miller, Clariant GmbH, Clariant Analytical Services Rhein-Main, R&D Analytics Lab D562/D561, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany, Tel.: +49-6 93 05 23 61, Fax: +49-6 93 05 31 41, E-Mail: dennis.miller@clariant.com

Dr. Dennis Miller was born in 1951. He studied chemistry at Oxford and Stuttgart, completing his doctorate 1977. In 1982 he joined Hoechst, where he worked on the physical chemistry and applications of surfactants. Since 1997 he has been employed by Clariant as head of a physical laboratory specialising in surfactant properties, rheology and particle sizing.

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Received: 2004-11-30

Published Online: 2013-05-08

Published in Print: 2005-09-01

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100263

Keywords for this article

dynamic surface tension; maximum bubble pressure method