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The Optimisation of Pressure Measurements for the Control of Bubbling Fluidised Beds

  • Anthony J Croxford , Andrew J.L. Harrison and Mark A Gilbertson
Published/Copyright: October 10, 2005
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 3 Issue 1

A common form of chemical reactor is the bubbling fluidised bed where gas is introduced into a free bed of particles at a rate exceeding that necessary to support their weight. The behaviour of the reactor is dependent on the distribution and characteristics of the bubbles within the bed. Information about these can be inferred from pressure measurements within the bed, which can also be used to characterise the dynamics of a bed and therefore to control it and the reaction.It is necessary to understand what the pressure signals are measuring, how many of them are necessary, and where they should be placed for them to be used to characterise the state of the bed. Pressure measurements are made at single points within a bed, and it is not immediately clear whether the measurements are local (owing to some sort of wall effect, for example), characterise the region close to the sensor, or the whole bed. It is shown how the dynamics of the bed can be characterised from the pressure signals, and that these signals are sensitive to the state of the bed. It is also necessary to evaluate where the sensors should be placed and how many of them should be used. Important considerations here are the extent to which the measurements of pressure are axisymmetrical, and whether in some circumstances and positions the local dynamics mask the overall bed dynamics. Axisymmetry is shown to exist under many conditions and that a single transducer can be sufficient. Furthermore, the depth of the bed is also shown to have a significant effect on its dynamics.It is also shown how the characterised pressure measurements can be used to control the state of the fluidised bed and used to enhance the performance of a fluidised bed reactor.

Keywords: Bubbles; fluidised bed; state; control; dynamics
Published Online: 2005-10-10

©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Review
  2. A Review of Short Residence Time Cracking Processes
  3. Microchannel Reactors: Applications and Use in Process Development
  4. Carbon Nanotube Synthesis: A Review
  5. Modelling the Hydrodynamics of Gas-Liquid Packed Beds via Slit Models: A Review
  6. Article
  7. Heat Transfer in a Membrane Assisted Bubbling Fluidized Bed with Immersed Horizontal Tubes
  8. Simulation of the Storage of Molten Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
  9. Optimal Non-isothermal Reactor Network for Van de Vusse Reaction
  10. Dodecane Decomposition in a Radio-Frequency (RF) Plasma Reactor
  11. Glucose Diffusion on Support for Solid State Fermentation and its Influence on Tannase Production Profiles
  12. A Kinetic Model for Toluene Oxidation Comprising Benzylperoxy Benzoate Ester as Reactive Intermediate in the Formation of Benzaldehyde
  13. A Computational Study of Gas-solid Flow in an Enhanced Solid Entrainment (ESE) Nozzle System
  14. A Neural Network Approach for Prediction of the CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalyst Deactivation
  15. Modeling and Simulation of a Multistage Agitated Contactor for Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
  16. Experimental and Model Based Study of the Hydrogenation of Acrolein to Allyl Alcohol
  17. iso-Amyl Acetate Synthesis by Catalytic Distillation
  18. A Reverse Flow Catalytic Membrane Reactor for the Production of Syngas: An Experimental Study
  19. Comparative Study of Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in the Ejector Induced Upflow and Downflow Bubble Column
  20. Hydrogenation of Acetylene: Kinetic Studies and Reactor Modeling
  21. Acceleration of Chemical Reactions Using a Supercritical Water Microreaction System
  22. Effect of Temperature on Solids Mixing in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor
  23. Optimal Operation of Semi-Batch Processes with a Single Reaction
  24. Scale Effects on Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics
  25. Ultrasonic Investigation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Gas-Liquid(-Liquid) Stirred Vessel
  26. Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Parameters in Agitated Reactors Part II: Gas-Holdup, Sauter Mean Bubble Diameters, Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficients, Gas-Liquid Interfacial Areas, and Liquid-Side Mass Transfer Coefficients
  27. Numerical and Experimental Studies of Air Bubbles Coalescence in a Quiescent Water Column
  28. Mixing Time Studies in Bubble Column Reactor with and without Internals
  29. Alkylation of Bromobenzene with Allyl Acetate on Zeolite H-USY: Catalytic Testing and Reaction Modeling
  30. Compact Direct Methanol Fuel Cells for Portable Applications: A Modeling Study
  31. Hydrogenation of Citral Over Ni on Monolith
  32. First Steps in the Adsorption of C5H8 on Pt(111)
  33. The Effect of Solvent on the Kinetics and Mass Transfer Resistances for 4,6 DMDBT HDS
  34. Solvent Effects During Oxidation-Extraction Desulfurization Process of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds from Fuels
  35. Kinetics Study on Heterogeneous Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol using Copper/Activated Carbon Catalyst
  36. Production of iso-Amyl Acetate: Heterogeneous Kinetics and Techno-feasibility Evaluation for Catalytic Distillation
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  38. The Influence Of The Support On The Deactivation Behaviour of Pt-Sn Reforming Catalysts
  39. Redox Stabilization Effect of TiO2 in Co3O4 as Oxygen Carrier for the Production of Hydrogen through POX and Chemical Looping Processes
  40. Kinetics of Adiponitrile Hydrogenation Over Rhodium-Alumina Catalysts
  41. Mixing Characteristics of an Axial-Flow Rotor: Experimental and Numerical Study
  42. CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Circular Channel: Effect of the Pe Number
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  45. The Optimisation of Pressure Measurements for the Control of Bubbling Fluidised Beds
  46. The Applicability Of Activities In Kinetic Expressions: a More Fundamental Approach To Represent the Kinetics Of the System CO2-OH- In Terms Of Activities
  47. Hydrogen Production in Fluidized Beds with In-Situ Membranes
  48. Modeling of Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation Reactors
  49. Hydrolysis of Lactose in a Fluidized Bed of Zeolite Pellets Supporting Adsorbed ß - Galactosidase
  50. Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether From (H2+CO) and (H2+CO2) Feeds. Effect of Feed Composition
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  58. Hydrodynamics of High-Density Downer Reactors Using a Novel Solids Feeder
  59. Prediction of the Gas Holdup in Industrial-Scale Bubble Columns and Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Using Back-Propagation Neural Networks
  60. Characterization of Homogeneity of Bubble Flows in Bubble Columns Using RPT and Fibre Optics
  61. Experiments and CFD Modelling of Fast Chemical Reaction in Turbulent Liquid Flows
  62. Light Intensity Distribution in a Dual-Lamp Photoreactor
  63. Modeling of Chemical Vapor Deposition in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Based on Discrete Particle Simulation
  64. Hydrogen from an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor
  65. Activity and Selectivity of Novel Structured Pd-Catalysts: Kinetics Modeling of Vegetable Oils Hydrogenation
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https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.1272
Keywords for this article
Bubbles; fluidised bed; state; control; dynamics

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Review
  2. A Review of Short Residence Time Cracking Processes
  3. Microchannel Reactors: Applications and Use in Process Development
  4. Carbon Nanotube Synthesis: A Review
  5. Modelling the Hydrodynamics of Gas-Liquid Packed Beds via Slit Models: A Review
  6. Article
  7. Heat Transfer in a Membrane Assisted Bubbling Fluidized Bed with Immersed Horizontal Tubes
  8. Simulation of the Storage of Molten Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
  9. Optimal Non-isothermal Reactor Network for Van de Vusse Reaction
  10. Dodecane Decomposition in a Radio-Frequency (RF) Plasma Reactor
  11. Glucose Diffusion on Support for Solid State Fermentation and its Influence on Tannase Production Profiles
  12. A Kinetic Model for Toluene Oxidation Comprising Benzylperoxy Benzoate Ester as Reactive Intermediate in the Formation of Benzaldehyde
  13. A Computational Study of Gas-solid Flow in an Enhanced Solid Entrainment (ESE) Nozzle System
  14. A Neural Network Approach for Prediction of the CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalyst Deactivation
  15. Modeling and Simulation of a Multistage Agitated Contactor for Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
  16. Experimental and Model Based Study of the Hydrogenation of Acrolein to Allyl Alcohol
  17. iso-Amyl Acetate Synthesis by Catalytic Distillation
  18. A Reverse Flow Catalytic Membrane Reactor for the Production of Syngas: An Experimental Study
  19. Comparative Study of Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in the Ejector Induced Upflow and Downflow Bubble Column
  20. Hydrogenation of Acetylene: Kinetic Studies and Reactor Modeling
  21. Acceleration of Chemical Reactions Using a Supercritical Water Microreaction System
  22. Effect of Temperature on Solids Mixing in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor
  23. Optimal Operation of Semi-Batch Processes with a Single Reaction
  24. Scale Effects on Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics
  25. Ultrasonic Investigation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Gas-Liquid(-Liquid) Stirred Vessel
  26. Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Parameters in Agitated Reactors Part II: Gas-Holdup, Sauter Mean Bubble Diameters, Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficients, Gas-Liquid Interfacial Areas, and Liquid-Side Mass Transfer Coefficients
  27. Numerical and Experimental Studies of Air Bubbles Coalescence in a Quiescent Water Column
  28. Mixing Time Studies in Bubble Column Reactor with and without Internals
  29. Alkylation of Bromobenzene with Allyl Acetate on Zeolite H-USY: Catalytic Testing and Reaction Modeling
  30. Compact Direct Methanol Fuel Cells for Portable Applications: A Modeling Study
  31. Hydrogenation of Citral Over Ni on Monolith
  32. First Steps in the Adsorption of C5H8 on Pt(111)
  33. The Effect of Solvent on the Kinetics and Mass Transfer Resistances for 4,6 DMDBT HDS
  34. Solvent Effects During Oxidation-Extraction Desulfurization Process of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds from Fuels
  35. Kinetics Study on Heterogeneous Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol using Copper/Activated Carbon Catalyst
  36. Production of iso-Amyl Acetate: Heterogeneous Kinetics and Techno-feasibility Evaluation for Catalytic Distillation
  37. On the Performance of Metal Supported Catalysts Prepared by Microemulsion: Sol Gel and Precipitation of the Support Precursor
  38. The Influence Of The Support On The Deactivation Behaviour of Pt-Sn Reforming Catalysts
  39. Redox Stabilization Effect of TiO2 in Co3O4 as Oxygen Carrier for the Production of Hydrogen through POX and Chemical Looping Processes
  40. Kinetics of Adiponitrile Hydrogenation Over Rhodium-Alumina Catalysts
  41. Mixing Characteristics of an Axial-Flow Rotor: Experimental and Numerical Study
  42. CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Circular Channel: Effect of the Pe Number
  43. An Approximate Analytical Solution for the Diffusion and Reaction Problem in a Catalyst Pellet in the Presence of Coke Formation
  44. Catalytic Gasification of Biomass in a CREC Fluidized Riser Simulator
  45. The Optimisation of Pressure Measurements for the Control of Bubbling Fluidised Beds
  46. The Applicability Of Activities In Kinetic Expressions: a More Fundamental Approach To Represent the Kinetics Of the System CO2-OH- In Terms Of Activities
  47. Hydrogen Production in Fluidized Beds with In-Situ Membranes
  48. Modeling of Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation Reactors
  49. Hydrolysis of Lactose in a Fluidized Bed of Zeolite Pellets Supporting Adsorbed ß - Galactosidase
  50. Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether From (H2+CO) and (H2+CO2) Feeds. Effect of Feed Composition
  51. Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bioaerosols by TiO2 Coated Membrane
  52. Use of CFD for Wastewater Disinfection Process Analysis: E.coli Inactivation with Peroxyacetic Acid (PAA)
  53. Industrial Development and Operation of an Efficient Riser Separation System for FCC Units
  54. Phenomenological Kinetics of Isothermal Wet Air Oxidation: Operating Severity Factor and Recalcitrance Index
  55. A Study of Fermentation for Human Interleukin-11 with Recombinant E. Coli
  56. Modelling a Biochemical Reaction with Computational Fluid Dynamics
  57. Innovative Reactors for Determining Kinetics of Highly Exothermic Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
  58. Hydrodynamics of High-Density Downer Reactors Using a Novel Solids Feeder
  59. Prediction of the Gas Holdup in Industrial-Scale Bubble Columns and Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Using Back-Propagation Neural Networks
  60. Characterization of Homogeneity of Bubble Flows in Bubble Columns Using RPT and Fibre Optics
  61. Experiments and CFD Modelling of Fast Chemical Reaction in Turbulent Liquid Flows
  62. Light Intensity Distribution in a Dual-Lamp Photoreactor
  63. Modeling of Chemical Vapor Deposition in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Based on Discrete Particle Simulation
  64. Hydrogen from an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor
  65. Activity and Selectivity of Novel Structured Pd-Catalysts: Kinetics Modeling of Vegetable Oils Hydrogenation
  66. Mathematical Modeling of the Transient Behaviour of a Chemostat Undergoing Bio-Desulfurization of Model Organosulfur Compounds and Diesel Using Pure and Isolated Bacterial Strains
  67. Modeling and Experimental Study of a Stirred Tank Reactor
  68. Stability Analysis of an Activated Sludge Bioreactor at a Petrochemical Plant at Different Temperatures
  69. Towards Bifurcation Detection in Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations: Robust Identification with Artificial Neural Networks and Nonlinear Kalman Filters
  70. Conference Presentation
  71. Modeling Hydrocarbon Processing
  72. Short Communication or Note
  73. Alternate Co-Catalysts For Ziegler-Natta High Temperature Olefin Polymerization
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