CO2 solubility in primitive martian basalts similar to Yamato 980459, the effect of composition on CO2 solubility of basalts, and the evolution of the martian atmosphere
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Ben D. Stanley
,
Douglas R. Schaub
Abstract
To determine the influence of basalt composition on the CO2 solubility in martian lavas, we investigated experimentally a synthetic melt based on the martian meteorite Yamato 980459 (Y 980459), an olivine-phyric shergottite and a picritic rock (19 wt% MgO) thought to be a near-primary liquid derived from high-temperature (>1540 °C) partial melting of the martian mantle. Experiments were performed in a piston-cylinder apparatus at 1-2 GPa and 1600-1650 °C. CO2 contents in quenched glasses were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and range from 0.45-1.26 wt%. Despite large differences in FeO* and MgO contents, the CO2 solubilities in Y 980459 are similar to that in a less primitive synthetic martian basalt based on the Humphrey rock and to a Hawaiian tholeiite. The lack of enhanced solubility in Fe2+- and Mg2+-rich melts is likely owing to the complex structural role of these cations in silicate melts, acting partly as network formers, rather than network modifiers. The small sensitivity of CO2 solubility to compositional variations among martian and tholeiitic basalts means that the experimentally determined solubilities may be applicable to a wide spectrum of martian magmatic products. Using experimentally determined CO2 solubilities of Y 980459 and Humphrey allows the calibration of the thermodynamic parameters governing dissolution of CO2 vapor as carbonate in martian basalts. This relation facilitates calculation of the CO2 dissolved in magmas derived from graphite-saturated martian basalt source regions as a function of P, T, and fO₂. The hot conditions in the source of Y 980459, 1540 ± 10 °C, and 1.2 ± 0.5 GPa, are plausible for plume-related magmas forming the giant Tharsis volcanic complex, which accounts for 50% of martian igneous activity since stabilization of the primordial crust. If oxygen fugacity in the sources of hot Tharsis magmatism were equivalent to that at the iron-wüstite buffer (IW) or 1 log unit above (IW+1), respectively, then the entire Tharsis event would outgas 30-300 mbars of CO2 to the martian atmosphere, which is far from the 2 bars required to stabilize an equable climate in the late Noachian and early Hesperian epochs. This mismatch could be reconciled if significant martian igneous activity derived from comparatively oxidized mantle sources (i.e., IW+2) similar to those responsible for the nakhlite meteorites.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales in the MgAl2O4-CuAl2O4 series
- Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl2O4-CoAl2O4 series: Part I. Flux growth and chemical characterization
- Blue spinel crystals in the MgAl2O4-CoAl2O4 series: Part II. Cation ordering over short-range and long-range scales
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- New structural features of the high-pressure synthetic sheet-disilicate Phase-X, K(2–x)Mg2Si2O7Hx
- Crystal structure refinements of borate dimorphs inderite and kurnakovite using 11B and 25Mg nuclear magnetic resonance and DFT calculations
- Hydrogen-bond system and dehydration behavior of the natural zeolite parthéite
- In situ dehydration behavior of zeolite-like cavansite: A single-crystal X-ray study
- LREE-redistribution among fluorapatite, monazite, and allanite at high pressures and temperatures
- A single-crystal neutron diffraction study of hambergite, Be2BO3(OH,F)
- Analyzing water contents in unexposed glass inclusions in quartz crystals
- The atomic structure of deuterated boyleite ZnSO4·4D2O, ilesite MnSO4·4D2O, and bianchite ZnSO4·6D2O
- Synthesis and crystal chemistry of Fe3+-bearing (Mg,Fe3+)(Si,Fe3+)O3 perovskite
- Mixed-layered structure formation during trans-vacant Al-rich illite partial dehydroxylation
- Structural regularities in 2M1 dioctahedral micas: The structure modeling approach
- Incorporation of Fe and Al in MgSiO3 perovskite: An investigation by 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopy
- In situ high-temperature Raman and FTIR spectroscopy of the phase transformation of lizardite
- Packing systematics and structural relationships of the new copper molybdate markascherite and related minerals
- On the origin of sellaite (MgF2)-rich deposits in Mg-poor environments
- Edgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4F2-hydroxyledgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2, a new series of calcium humite-group minerals from altered xenoliths in the ignimbrite of Upper Chegem caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia
- Whelanite, Cu2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3(H2O)2, an (old) new mineral from the Bawana mine, Milford, Utah
- 2M1-phlogopite from Black Hills (South Australia): The first case of configurational polytype in micas
- Oxy-chromium-dravite, NaCr3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup
- First-principles study of self-diffusion and viscous flow in diopside (CaMgSi2O6) liquid
- Browneite, MnS, a new sphalerite-group mineral from the Zakłodzie meteorite
- Mineralogical variation of silica induced by Al and Na in hydrothermal solutions
