Crystal chemistry of Bi- and Mn-bearing vesuvianite from Långban, Sweden
-
Lee A. Groat
and
R. James Evans
Abstract
Red vesuvianite crystals occur with hausmanite and calcite in a hand specimen from Långban, Sweden. Backscattered electron imaging revealed that a very few of the vesuvianite crystals exhibit cores of higher average atomic number (vesuvianite I) than the bulk (vesuvianite II). Average electron microprobe compositions of vesuvianite I show 3.32 wt% MnO (1.43 Mn2+ apfu), 3.13 wt% Bi2O3 (0.41 Bi3+ apfu), 0.82 wt% Cl (0.71 Cl apfu), and 0.56 wt% As2O5 (0.15 As5+ apfu). The average vesuvianite II composition shows considerably more Mn (4.14 wt% MnO, or 1.76 Mn2+ apfu) but less Bi (0.62 wt% Bi2O3, or 0.08 Bi3+ apfu) and Cl (0.13 wt% Cl, or 0.11 Cl apfu) and about the same amount of As (0.62 wt% As2O5, or 0.16 As5+ apfu). The crystal structures of vesuvianite I (a = 15.595, c = 11.779 Å) and II (a = 15.585, c = 11.778 Å) were refined in space group P4/nnc to R1 values of 0.0445 and 0.0167, respectively. The results show Bi at the new Bi3 position and Cl at the new Cl site; Bi3 can only be occupied when there is a vacancy at the nearby (~0.4 Å) X3 position, and Cl when there is a vacancy at the nearby (~0.4-0.5 Å) O10 position. Bond distances and site occupancies suggest that the Cl atom at the Cl site is bonded to the Bi atom at the Bi3 position when it is occupied. Arsenic occupies the T1 site and is coordinated by oxygen atoms at two O7B and two O11 positions. Manganese replaces Ca at the X1 and X2 position and dominates the Y1 position in vesuvianite I, whereas in vesuvianite II it replaces Ca at the X1 site and fills the Y1A position. In both structures Mn also occurs subordinate to Al + Mg at the Y3 position. Bond-valence analysis indicates that the Mn at the Y1 and Y1A positions is divalent rather than trivalent as required for manganvesuvianite.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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- MSA Roebling medal lecture. Mineralogy, petrology, U-Pb geochronology, and geologic evolution of the Dabie-Sulu classic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane, East-Central China
- Brittle-ductile microfabrics in naturally deformed zircon: Deformation mechanisms and consequences for U-Pb dating
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