The fractional latent heat of crystallizing magmas
-
S.A. Morse
Abstract
The fractional latent heat of a crystallizing system is simply the latent heat of fusion divided by the total enthalpy. When plotted against temperature, this function displays robust pulses with the successive saturation of each incoming crystal phase. Each pulse endures for tens of degrees, corresponding to tens to hundreds of thousands of years in large magma bodies. From an original 1963 development by P.J. Wyllie using a synthetic system, I show that the liquidus slopes (degrees per gram of solid produced) decrease discontinuously at the arrival of a new phase, and their inverse, the crystal productivity, undergoes sharp upward pulses at the same time. The overall liquidus slope increases continuously, interrupted by small downward jumps, with the evolution of the multicomponent melt. The crystal productivity pulses feed the fractional latent heat pulses, which dominate the crystallization history of a melt. These elementary relationships govern the near-solidus growth of dihedral angles in cumulates as they relate to the liquidus events. The latent heat ordinarily approximates to about 80% of the total enthalpy budget, but jumps to 100% (by definition) when solidification occurs by isothermal adcumulus growth and approaches 100% when mafic phases such as augite and Fe-Ti oxides are over-produced (relative to their equilibrium saturation) in layered intrusions. The feedback of latent heat to a self-regulating cooling history of large magma bodies is deduced here in principle. The overall results help to clarify the crystallization history of mafic magmas. In particular, they support the solidification of floor cumulates by interchange with parent magma and without the help of compaction.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
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- Light-induced molecular change in HgI2·As4S4: Evidence by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
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- The fractional latent heat of crystallizing magmas
Articles in the same Issue
- Roebling Medal Lecture. The three partners of metamorphic petrology
- Relationship between structure, morphology, and carbon isotopic composition of graphite in marbles: Implications for calcite-graphite carbon isotope thermometry
- Crystal structure, mosaicity, and strain analysis of Hawaiian olivines using in situ X-ray diffraction
- Characterization of deep weathering and nanoporosity development in shale—A neutron study
- Structural water in ferrihydrite and constraints this provides on possible structure models
- Critical evaluation of the revised akdalaite model for ferrihydrite
- Neutron diffraction study of hydrogen in birnessite structures
- Pressless split-sphere apparatus equipped with scaled-up Kawai-cell for mineralogical studies at 10–20 GPa
- Dislocation microstructures in majorite garnet experimentally deformed in the multi-anvil apparatus
- Density of carbonated peridotite magma at high pressure using an X-ray absorption method
- Stability and bulk modulus of Ni3S, a new nickel sulfur compound, and the melting relations of the system Ni-NiS up to 10 GPa
- Far-infrared spectra of synthetic [4][(Al2-xGax)(Si2–yGey)](OH,OD,F)2-kinoshitalite: Characterization and assignment of interlayer Ba-Oinner and Ba-Oouter stretching bands
- High-temperature elasticity of polycrystalline orthoenstatite (MgSiO3)
- Anatomy of a metabentonite: Nucleation and growth of illite crystals and their coalescence into mixed-layer illite/smectite
- Zn-O tetrahedral bond length variations in normal spinel oxides
- A new thermodynamic analysis of the intergrowth of hedenbergite and magnetite with Ca-Fe-rich olivine
- Raman spectroscopic investigations of some Tl-sulfosalt minerals containing pyramidal (As,Sb)S3 groups
- A first record of strong structural relaxation of TO4 tetrahedra in a spinel solid solution
- The high-pressure behavior of orthorhombic amphiboles
- XAS determination of the Fe local environment and oxidation state in phonolite glasses
- Chemical variation and significance of micas from the Fregeneda-Almendra pegmatitic field (Central-Iberian Zone, Spain and Portugal)
- Light-induced molecular change in HgI2·As4S4: Evidence by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
- Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance studies on natural calumetite from Khetri copper mine, Rajasthan, India
- Chromatite and its Cr3+- and Cr6+-bearing precursor minerals from the Nabi Musa Mottled Zone complex, Judean Desert
- Hazenite, KNaMg2(PO4)2⋅14H2O, a new biologically related phosphate mineral, from Mono Lake, California, U.S.A.
- The fractional latent heat of crystallizing magmas
