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Time-resolved structural analysis of K- and Ba-exchange reactions with synthetic Na-birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction

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Published/Copyright: April 1, 2015
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 92 Issue 2-3

Abstract

Time-resolved Rietveld refinements using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) have documented real-time changes in unit-cell parameters in response to cation substitution in synthetic Na-birnessite. Potassium- and Ba-birnessite, like Na-birnessite, were found to have triclinic symmetry. Rietveld analyses of the XRD patterns for K- and Ba-exchanged birnessite revealed decreases in the a, c, and β unit-cell parameters, with a decrease of 1.7 and 0.5%, respectively, in unit-cell volume relative to Na-birnessite. Fourier electron difference syntheses revealed that the changes in the configuration of the interlayer species, and the charge, size, and hydration of the substituting cations, serve as the primary controls on changes in unit-cell parameters. Split electron density maxima with centers at (0 0 0.5) were present for Na, K, and Ba end-members; however, with increased substitution of K+ for Na+, the axis connecting the split-site maxima rotated from an orientation parallel to the b-axis to along the a-axis. Substitution of Ba2+ for Na+ did not result in rotation, but splitting of the interlayer site was more pronounced.

Keywords : Birnessite; cation exchange; synchrotron; X-ray diffraction; Mn-oxide
Received: 2006-2-17
Accepted: 2006-9-25
Published Online: 2015-4-1
Published in Print: 2007-2-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2242
Keywords for this article
Birnessite; cation exchange; synchrotron; X-ray diffraction; Mn-oxide

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Combined cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging and wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis of minerals
  2. Identification of cathodoluminescence activators in zoned alkali feldspars by hyperspectral imaging and electron-probe microanalysis
  3. Ionoluminescence of leucophanite
  4. Digital near-infrared (NIR) cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and image processing
  5. Significance of aluminum phosphate-sulfate minerals associated with U unconformity-type deposits: The Athabasca basin, Canada
  6. Hardness, toughness, and modulus of some common metamorphic minerals
  7. Diffusion compensation for argon, hydrogen, lead, and strontium in minerals: Empirical relationships to crystal chemistry
  8. Elastic anomalies accompanying phase transitions in (Ca,Sr)TiO3 perovskites: Part I. Landau theory and a calibration for SrTiO3
  9. Elastic anomalies accompanying phase transitions in (Ca,Sr)TiO3 perovskites: Part II. Calibration for the effects of composition and pressur
  10. Elastic anomalies accompanying phase transitions in (Ca,Sr)TiO3 perovskites: Part III. Experimental investigation of polycrystalline samples
  11. Patterns in the compositions of oxysalt and sulfosalt minerals, and the paradoxical nature of quartz
  12. Effect of variable carbonate concentration on the solidus of mantle peridotite
  13. Time-resolved structural analysis of K- and Ba-exchange reactions with synthetic Na-birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction
  14. Heat capacity of synthetic hydrous Mg-cordierite at low temperatures: Thermodynamic properties and the behavior of the H2O molecule in selected hydrous micro and nanoporous silicates
  15. Organic anions in layered double hydroxides: An experimental investigation of citrate hydrotalcite
  16. The 6H-SiC structure model: Further refinement from SCXRD data from a terrestrial moissanite
  17. Cobalt incorporation in mullite
  18. Thermal expansion between 480 and 940 °C of Cr-doped mullites derived from single-phase precursors
  19. Armbrusterite, K5Na6Mn3+Mn2+14[Si9O22]4(OH)10·4H2O, a new Mn hydrous heterophyllosilicate from the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia
  20. Letter. An empirical scaling model for averaging elastic properties including interfacial effects
  21. Letter. Optical absorption spectra of ferropericlase to 84 GPa
  22. Letter. The acoustic emissions signature of a pressure-induced polytypic transformation in chlorite
  23. Letter. A new high-pressure CaGe2O5 polymorph with 5- and 6-coordinated germanium
  24. Letter. Terrestrial analogs of martian jarosites: Major, minor element systematics and Na-K zoning in selected samples
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