Home Physical Sciences Development of oxy-symplectites in a slow-spreading lower oceanic crust: Insights from the Atlantis Bank Gabbro Massif, Southwest Indian Ridge
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Development of oxy-symplectites in a slow-spreading lower oceanic crust: Insights from the Atlantis Bank Gabbro Massif, Southwest Indian Ridge

  • Archisman Dhar , Biswajit Ghosh ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Tomoaki Morishita ORCID logo , Soumi Chattopadhaya , Debaditya Bandyopadhyay , N.V. Chalapathi Rao , Lydéric France , Du K. Nguyen , Sankhadeep Roy and Manojit Koley
Published/Copyright: July 7, 2025
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Abstract

Igneous microtextures are significant tracers of magmatic processes as these provide important information about magma evolution. Oxy-symplectite intergrowth of orthopyroxene (host) with Fe-Ti oxide (lamellae) is described from the Atlantis Bank, an Oceanic Core Complex (OCC) along the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). This texture is widespread in the oxide-rich lithologies recovered from the lower crustal section of the Atlantis Bank. There exists a long-standing debate on the magmatic vs. metamorphic origin of the oxy-symplectites. The symplectitic intergrowth is usually noted wherever the olivine grain is in intimate proximity to the magmatic magnetite and is developed at the expense of the olivine. Comparative oxybarometric results between the ilmenite-magnetite pairs close to the symplectites and those away from the symplectites reveal relatively higher fO2 range for the former group. These observations along with phase equilibria modeling suggest that oxidation of olivine primo-crysts may lead to the development of oxy-symplectite in the studied gabbros (sensu lato). Furthermore, the compositional variabilities between the symplectitic phases and the discrete magmatic phases away from the symplectite indicate that the origin of the oxy-symplectite took place under subsolidus conditions. Additionally, phase equilibria modeling reveals that for the observed range of olivine compositions, higher oxidizing conditions are required for symplectite formation at higher temperatures. Synthesizing all the results, we suggest that the formation of the oxy-symplectite in this lower crustal section is a subsolidus process, where the oxide phases (especially magnetite) aided the oxidation of olivine.


‡ Present address: Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

§ Present address: Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.


Acknowledgments and Funding

This study uses samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) (https://www.iodp.org/about-iodp). The authors acknowledge the captain, crew, and staff of the JOIDES Resolution for their support during Expedition 360. B.G. thankfully acknowledges the Science Party for all technical discussions during the cruise. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. N.V.C.R. thanks BHU for the IOE faculty incentive grant.

This research was supported by grants received from the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Government of India (No. NCAOR/IODP/2017/9).

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Received: 2024-02-06
Accepted: 2024-08-12
Published Online: 2025-07-07
Published in Print: 2025-05-26

© 2025 Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Atomic-scale visualization and quantification of lithium in lepidolite by AC-TEM-EELS: Implications for pegmatite genesis and advancing lithium extraction techniques
  2. The use of X-ray micro-computed tomography to visualize and quantify lithium-bearing silicate minerals in pegmatites: Examples from the Tanco Pegmatite, Manitoba, Canada
  3. Single- and multi-mineral classification using dual-band Raman spectroscopy for planetary surface missions
  4. Magnesite formation during nesquehonite decomposition in the presence and absence of retained self-generated gases and the role of X-ray amorphous materials as essential stores for CO2
  5. Formation of bonanza Au-Ag-telluride ores in epithermal systems: Constraints from Cu-O isotopes and modeling
  6. Reexamination of the structure of nanomineral opal-CT using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray scattering structure factor, and pair distribution function analyses
  7. Titanium substitutions in garnet at magmatic, granulite facies, and high-pressure granulite facies conditions
  8. Mechanistic understanding of the dehydroxylation reaction of smectites: Insights from reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulation
  9. Estimating the iron oxidation state of serpentinite using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
  10. Episodic magmatism contributes to sub-seafloor copper mineralization: Insights from textures and geochemistry of zoned pyrite in the Ashele VMS deposit
  11. Development of oxy-symplectites in a slow-spreading lower oceanic crust: Insights from the Atlantis Bank Gabbro Massif, Southwest Indian Ridge
  12. Heterogeneous distribution of Al-hematite regulated by hydrologic regime in a basaltic laterite of Hainan Island, South China: Implications for the aqueous history of Mars
  13. Allanite-(Sm), CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the third samarium mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland
  14. Letter
  15. The “breathing” Earth at Solfatara-Pisciarelli, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy (2005–2024): Nature’s attenuation of the effects of bradyseism
  16. New Mineral Names
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