Role of impurities in the semiconducting properties of natural pyrite: Implications for the electrochemical accumulation of visible gold and formation of hydrothermal gold deposits

References Cited

Abraitis, PK., Pattrick, R.A.D., and Vaughan, D.J. (2004) Variations in the compositional, textural and electrical properties of natural pyrite: a review. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 74, 41–59.Search in Google Scholar

Arehart, G.B., Chryssoulis, S.L., and Kesler, S.E. (1993) Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits: Implications for depositional processes. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 88, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.1.171.Search in Google Scholar

Ares, J.R., Ferrer, I.J., Cuevas, F., and Sánchez, C.R. (2001) Growth of pyrite thin-films investigated by thermoelectric measurements. Thin Solid Films, 387, 97–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01723-5.Search in Google Scholar

Ares, J.R., Pascual, A., Ferrer, I.J., and Sánchez, C.R. (2004) Lattice intrinsic defects and electrical resistivity in pyrite thin films. Thin Solid Films, 451-452, 233–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2003.10.102.Search in Google Scholar

Bancroft, G.M. and Jean, G. (1982) Gold deposition at low temperature on sulfide minerals. Nature, 298, 730–731, https://doi.org/10.1038/298730a0.Search in Google Scholar

Banjara, D., Malozovsky, Y., Franklin, L., and Bagayoko, D. (2018) First-principles studies of electronic, transport and bulk properties of pyrite FeS₂. AIP Advances, 8, 025212, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996551.Search in Google Scholar

Barker, S.L.L., Hickey, K.A., Cline, J.S., Dipple, G.M., Kilburn, M.R., Vaughan, J.R., and Longo, A.A. (2009) Uncloaking invisible gold: Use of nano-SIMS to evaluate gold, trace elements, and sulfur isotopes in pyrite from Carlin-type gold deposits. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 104, 897–904, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.104.7.897.Search in Google Scholar

Barrie, C.D., Boyce, A.J., Boyle, A.P., Williams, P.J., Blake, K., Ogawara, T., Akai, J., and Prior, D.J. (2009) Growth controls in colloform pyrite. American Mineralogist, 94, 415–429, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3053.Search in Google Scholar

Bi, Y., Yuan, Y., Exstrom, C.L., Darveau, S.A., and Huang, J. (2011) Air stable, photosensitive, phase pure iron pyrite nanocrystal thin films for photovoltaic application. Nano Letters, 11, 4953–4957, https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202902z.Search in Google Scholar

Blanchard, M., Alfredsson, M., Brodholt, J., Wright, K., and Catlow, C.R.A. (2007) Arsenic incorporation into FeS₂ pyrite and its influence on dissolution: A DFT study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71, 624–630, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.09.021.Search in Google Scholar

Blenk, O., Bucher, E., and Willeke, G. (1993) P-type conduction in pyrite single crystals prepared by chemical vapor transport. Applied Physics Letters, 62, 2093–2095, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.109489.Search in Google Scholar

Bralia, A., Sabatini, G., and Troja, F. (1979) A revaluation of the Co/Ni ratio in pyrite as geochemical tool in ore genesis problems. Mineralium Deposita, 14, 353–374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206365.Search in Google Scholar

Cabán-Acevedo, M., Faber, M.S., Tan, Y., Hamers, R.J., and Jin, S. (2012) Synthesis and properties of semiconducting iron pyrite (FeS₂) nanowires. Nano Letters, 12, 1977–1982, https://doi.org/10.1021/nl2045364.Search in Google Scholar

Cabán-Acevedo, M., Liang, D., Chew, K.S., Degrave, J.P., Kaiser, N.S., and Jin, S. (2013) Synthesis, characterization, and variable range hopping transport of pyrite (FeS₂) nanorods, nanobelts, and nanoplates. ACS Nano, 7, 1731–1739, https://doi.org/10.1021/nn305833u.Search in Google Scholar

Cabán-Acevedo, M., Kaiser, N.S., English, C.R., Liang, D., Thompson, B.J., Chen, H., Czech, K.J., Wright, J.C., Hamers, R.J., and Jin, S. (2014) Ionization of high-density deep donor defect states explains the low photovoltage of iron pyrite single crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136, 17163–17179, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja509142w.Search in Google Scholar

Charles, N., Augier, R., Gumiaux, C., Monié, P., Chen, Y., Faure, M., and Zhu, R. (2013) Timing, duration and role of magmatism in wide rift systems: Insights from the Jiaodong Peninsula (China, east Asia). Gondwana Research, 24, 412–428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.10.011.Search in Google Scholar

Chinnasamy, S.S., Hazarika, P., Pal, D., Sen, R., and Govindaraj, G. (2021) Pyrite Textures and Trace Element Compositions from the Granodiorite-Hosted Gold Deposit at Jonnagiri, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for Gold Mineralization Processes. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 116, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4787.Search in Google Scholar

Chouinard, A., Paquette, J., and Williams-Jones, A.E. (2005) Crystallographic controls on trace-element incorporation in auriferous pyrite from the Pascua epithermal high-sulfidation deposit, Chile-Argentina. Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 951–963, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.951.Search in Google Scholar

Ciobanu, C.L., Cook, N.J., Utsunomiya, S., Kogagwa, M., Green, L., Gilbert, S., and Wade, B. (2012) Gold-telluride nanoparticles revealed in arsenic-free pyrite. American Mineralogist, 97, 1515–1518, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2012.4207.Search in Google Scholar

Cook, N.J., Ciobanu, C.L., and Mao, J.W. (2009) Textural control on gold distribution in As-free pyrite from the Dongping, Huangtuliang and Hougou gold deposits, North China Craton, (Hebei Province, China). Chemical Geology, 264, 101–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.020.Search in Google Scholar

Cook, N.J., Ciobanu, C.L., Meria, D., Silcock, D., and Wade, B. (2013) Arsenopyrite-pyrite association in an orogenic gold ore: Tracing mineralization history from textures and trace elements. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 108, 1273–1283, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.6.1273.Search in Google Scholar

Craig, J.R., Vokes, F.M., and Solberg, T.D. (1998) Pyrite: Physical and chemical textures.Mineralium Deposita, 34, 82–101, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260050187.Search in Google Scholar

Deditius, A.P., Utsunomiya, S., Renock, D., Ewing, R.C., Ramana, C.V., Becker, U., and Kesler, S.E. (2008) A proposed new type of arsenian pyrite: Composition, nanostructure and geological significance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72, 2919–2933, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.014.Search in Google Scholar

Deditius, A.P., Utsunomiya, S., Ewing, R.C., Chryssoulis, S.L., Venter, D., and Kesler, S.E. (2009) Decoupled geochemical behavior of As and Cu in hydrothermal systems. Geology, 37, 707–710, https://doi.org/10.1130/G25781A.1.Search in Google Scholar

Deditius, A.P., Reich, M., Kesler, S.E., Utsunomiya, S., Chryssoulis, S.L., Walshe, J., and Ewing, R.C. (2014) The coupled geochemistry of Au and As in pyrite from hydrothermal ore deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 140, 644–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.045.Search in Google Scholar

del Real, I., Thompson, J.F.H., Simon, A.C., and Reich, M. (2020) Geochemical and isotopic signature of pyrite as a proxy for fluid source and evolution in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre Iron Oxide Copper-Gold District, Chile. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 115, 1493–1518, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4765.Search in Google Scholar

Deng, J., Wang, C.M., Bagas, L., Carranza, E.J.M., and Lu, Y.J. (2015) Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic history of the Jiaojia Fault and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from zircon U-Pb, illite K-Ar, and apatite fission track thermochronometry. Mineralium Deposita, 50, 987–1006, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-015-0584-1.Search in Google Scholar

Deng, J., Yang, L.Q., Groves, D.I., Zhang, L., Qiu, K.F., and Wang, Q.F. (2020a) An integrated mineral system model for the gold deposits of the giant Jiaodong Province, eastern China. Earth-Science Reviews, 208, 103274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103274.Search in Google Scholar

Deng, J., Wang, Q.F., Santosh, M., Liu, X.F., Liang, Y.J., Yang, L.Q., Zhao, R., and Yang, L. (2020b) Remobilization of metasomatized mantle lithosphere: A new model for the Jiaodong gold province, eastern China. Mineralium Deposita, 55, 257–274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00925-0.Search in Google Scholar

Deng, J., Qiu, K.F., Wang, Q.F., Goldfarb, R., Yang, L-Q., Zi, J-W., Geng, J-Z., and Ma, Y. (2020c) In situ dating of hydrothermal monazite and implications for the geodynamic controls on ore formation in the Jiaodong gold province, Eastern China. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 115, 671–685, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4711.Search in Google Scholar

Deng, J., Wang, Q., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Yang, L., Yang, L., Qiu, K., Guo, L., Liang, Y., and Ma, Y. (2022) The Formation of the Jiaodong Gold Province. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 96, 1801–1820, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15026.Search in Google Scholar

Du, B., Shen, J., Santosh, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Wang, Y., and Xu, K. (2021a) Textural, compositional and isotopic characteristics of pyrite from the Zaozigou gold deposit in West Qinling, China: Implications for gold metallogeny. Ore Geology Reviews, 130, 103917, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103917.Search in Google Scholar

Du, B., Shen, J., Santosh, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Wang, S., and Xu, K. (2021b) Genesis of the Gangcha gold deposit, West Qinling Orogen, China: Constraints from Rb-Sr geochronology, in-situ sulfur isotopes and trace element geochemistry of pyrite. Ore Geology Reviews, 138, 104350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104350.Search in Google Scholar

Du, B.S., Wang, Z.M., Santosh, M., Shen, Y.K., Liu, S.F., Liu, J.J., Xu, K.X., and Deng, J. (2023) Role of metasomatized mantle lithosphere in the formation of giant lode gold deposits: Insights from sulfur isotope and geochemistry of sulfides. Geoscience Frontiers, 14, 101587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2023.101587.Search in Google Scholar

Dubosq, R., Lawley, C.J.M., Rogowitz, A., Schneider, D.A., and Jackson, S. (2018) Pyrite deformation and connections to gold mobility: Insight from micro-structural analysis and trace element mapping. Lithos, 310-311, 86–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.03.024.Search in Google Scholar

Ehrig, K., Ciobanu, C.L., Verdugo-Ihl, M.R., Dmitrijeva, M., Cook, N.J., and Slattery, A. (2023) Lifting the cloak of invisibility: Gold in pyrite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. American Mineralogist, 108, 259–276, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8395.Search in Google Scholar

Ennaoui, A., Fiechter, S., Jaegermann, W., and Tributsch, H. (1986) Photoelectrochemistry of highly quantum efficient single crystalline n-FeS₂ (pyrite). Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 133, 97–106.Search in Google Scholar

Faure, M., Lin, W., Monié, P., and Meffre, S. (2008) Palaeozoic collision between the North and South China blocks, Triassic intracontinental tectonics, and the problem of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 340, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2007.10.007.Search in Google Scholar

Feng, K., Fan, H.R., Hu, F.F., Yang, K.F., Liu, X., Shangguan, Y.N., Cai, Y.C., and Jiang, P. (2018) Involvement of anomalously As-Au-rich fluids in the mineralization of the Heilan’gou gold deposit, Jiaodong, China: Evidence from trace element mapping and in-situ sulfur isotope composition. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 160, 304–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.12.023.Search in Google Scholar

Ferrer, I.J., de las Heras, C., and Sánchez, C. (1993) Physical properties of Cu-doped FeS2 pyrite thin films. Applied Surface Science, 70-71, 588–592, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(93)90585-Y.Search in Google Scholar

Ferrer, I.J., de las Heras, C., and Sánchez, C. (1995) The effect of Ni impurities on some structural-properties of pyrite thin-films. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 7, 2115–2121, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/7/10/018.Search in Google Scholar

Fleet, M.E. and Mumin, A.H. (1997) Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite and marcasite and arsenopyrite from Carlin Trend gold deposits and laboratory synthesis. American Mineralogist, 82, 182–193, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1997-1-220.Search in Google Scholar

Foley, N., Ayuso, R.A., and Seal, R.I. II (2001) Remnant colloform pyrite at the Haile gold deposit, South Carolina: A textural key to genesis. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 96, 891–902, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.96.4.891.Search in Google Scholar

Fuchs, S., Williams-Jones, A.E., and Przybylowicz, W.J. (2016) The origin of the gold and uranium ores of the Black Reef Formation, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Ore Geology Reviews, 72, 149–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.07.010.Search in Google Scholar

George, L.L., Biagioni, C., D’Orazio, M., and Cook, N.J. (2018) Textural and trace element evolution of pyrite during green schist facies metamorphic recrystallization in the southern Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy): Influence on the formation of Tl-rich sulfosalt melt. Ore Geology Reviews, 102, 59–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.08.032.Search in Google Scholar

Godefroy-Rodríguez, M., Hagemann, S., Frenzel, M., and Evans, N.J. (2020) Laser ablation ICP-MS trace element systematics of hydrothermal pyrite in gold deposits of the Kalgoorlie district, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 55, 823–844, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00958-w.Search in Google Scholar

Goldfarb, R.J. and Groves, D.I. (2015) Orogenic gold: Common vs evolving fluid and metal sources through time. Lithos, 233, 2–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

Goldfarb, R.J. and Santosh, M. (2014) The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique? Geoscience Frontiers, 5, 139–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.11.001.Search in Google Scholar

Goss, S.C., Wilde, S.A., Wu, F., and Yang, J. (2010) The age, isotopic signature and significance of the youngest Mesozoic granitoids in the Jiaodong Terrane, Shandong Province, North China Craton. Lithos, 120, 309–326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.08.019.Search in Google Scholar

Grant, H.L.J., Hannington, M.D., Petersen, S., Frische, M., and Fuchs, S.H. (2018) Constrains on the behavior of trace elements in the actively-forming TAG deposit, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, based on LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite. Chemical Geology, 498, 45–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.019.Search in Google Scholar

Gregory, D.D. (2023) Analyses under the curve, identifying how invisible gold is held in pyrite. American Mineralogist, 108, 225, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8791.Search in Google Scholar

Gregory, D.D., Large, R.R., Halpin, J.A., Baturina, E.L., Lyons, T.W., Wu, S., Danyushevsky, L., Sack, P.J., Chappaz, A., Maslennikov, V.V., and others. (2015) Trace element content of sedimentary pyrite in black shales. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 110, 1389–1410, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.6.1389.Search in Google Scholar

Gregory, D.D., Large, R.R., Bath, A.B., Steadman, J.A., Wu, S., Danyushevsky, L., Bull, S.W., Holden, P., and Ireland, T.R. (2016) Trace element content of pyrite from the Kapai Slate, St. Ives Gold District, Western Australia. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 111, 1297–1320, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.6.1297.Search in Google Scholar

Gregory, D.D., Cracknell, M.J., Large, R.R., McGoldrick, P., Kuhn, S., Maslennikov, V.V., Baker, M.J., Fox, N., Belousov, I., Figueroa, M.C., and others. (2019) Distinguishing ore deposit type and barren sedimentary pyrite using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry trace element data and statistical analysis of large data sets. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 114, 771–786, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4654.Search in Google Scholar

Groves, D.I. and Santosh, M. (2021) Craton and thick lithosphere margins: The sites of giant mineral deposits and mineral provinces. Gondwana Research, 100, 195–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.008.Search in Google Scholar

Gudelli, V.K., Kanchana, V., Appalakondaiah, S., Vaitheeswaran, G., and Valsakumar, M.C. (2013) Phase stability and thermoelectric properties of the mineral FeS₂: An ab initio study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117, 21120–21131, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp406928v.Search in Google Scholar

Hacker, B.R., Wallis, S.R., Ratschbacher, L., Grove, M., and Gehrels, G. (2006) High-temperature geochronology constraints on the tectonic history and architecture of the ultrahighpressure Dabie-Sulu Orogen. Tectonics, 25, TC5006.Search in Google Scholar

Harran, I., Chen, Y.Z., Wang, H.Y., Li, H.T., Li, Y.C., and Tao, L. (2017) High-pressure induced phase transition of FeS₂: Electronic, mechanical and thermoelectric properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 710, 267–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.256.Search in Google Scholar

Holmes, P.R. and Crundwell, F.K. (1995) Kinetic aspects of galvanic interactions between minerals during dissolution. Hydrometallurgy, 39, 353–375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(95)00041-E.Search in Google Scholar

Howarth, R.W. (1979) Pyrite: Its rapid formation in a salt marsh and its importance in ecosystem metabolism. Science, 203, 49–51, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.203.4375.49.Search in Google Scholar

Ishida, M., Romero, R., Leisen, M. Yasukawa, K., Nakamura, K., Reich, M., and Kato, Y. (2021) Auriferous pyrite formed by episodic fluid inputs in the Akeshi and Kasuga high-sulfidation deposits, Southern Kyushu, Japan. Mineralium Deposita, 57, 129–145.Search in Google Scholar

Kato, K., Okamoto, Y., Morimoto, J., and Miyakawa, T. (1997) The thermoelectric properties of FeS₂. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 16, 914–916, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018592206181.Search in Google Scholar

Kirkeminde, A., Scott, R., and Ren, S. (2012) All inorganic iron pyrite nano-heterojunction solar cells. Nanoscale, 4, 7649–7654, https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr32097e.Search in Google Scholar

Kusebauch, C., Gleeson, S.A., and Oelze, M. (2019) Coupled partitioning of Au and As into pyrite controls formation of giant Au deposits. Science Advances, 5, eaav5891, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5891.Search in Google Scholar

Kusky, T.M. (2011) Geophysical and geological tests of tectonic models of the North China Craton. Gondwana Research, 20, 26–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.01.004.Search in Google Scholar

Laird, J.S., Halfpenny, A., Ryan, C.G., and Liu, W.H. (2021) Evidence supporting micro-galvanic coupling in sulfides leads to gold deposition. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 176, 25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01781-w.Search in Google Scholar

Laird, J., MacRae, C., Halfpenny, A., Large, R., and Ryan, C. (2015) Microelectronic junctions in arsenian pyrite due to impurity and mixed sulfide heterogeneity. American Mineralogist, 100, 26–34, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4648.Search in Google Scholar

Large, R.R. and Maslennikov, V.V. (2020) Invisible gold paragenesis and geochemistry in pyrite from orogenic and sediment-hosted gold deposits. Minerals, 10, 339, https://doi.org/10.3390/min10040339.Search in Google Scholar

Large, R.R., Danyushevsky, L., Hollit, C., Maslennikov, V., Meffre, S., Gilbert, S., Bull, S., Scott, R., Emsbo, P., Thomas, H., Singh, B., and Foster, J. (2009) Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique: Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and carlin-style sediment-hosted deposits. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 104, 635–668, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.5.635.Search in Google Scholar

Large, R.R., Bull, S.W., and Maslennikov, V.V. (2011) A carbonaceous sedimentary source-rock model for Carlin-type and orogenic gold deposits. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 106, 331–358, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.3.331.Search in Google Scholar

Lehner, S. and Savage, K. (2008) The effect of As, Co, and Ni impurities on pyrite oxidation kinetics: Batch and flow-through reactor experiments with synthetic pyrite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72, 1788–1800, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.003.Search in Google Scholar

Lehner, S.W., Savage, K.S., and Ayers, J.C. (2006) Vapor growth and characterization of pyrite (FeS₂) doped with Co, Ni, and As: Variations in semiconducting properties. Journal of Crystal Growth, 286, 306–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.09.062.Search in Google Scholar

Lehner, S., Ciobanu, M., Savage, K., and Cliffel, D.E. (2008) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of synthetic pyrite doped with As, Co, and Ni. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 155, P61–P70, https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2885103.Search in Google Scholar

Li, L. and Ghahreman, A. (2018) The synergistic effect of Cu²⁺-Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ acidic system on the oxidation kinetics of Ag-doped pyrite. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122, 26897–26909, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06727.Search in Google Scholar

Li, S.R. and Santosh, M. (2014) Metallogeny and craton destruction: Records from the North China Craton. Ore Geology Reviews, 56, 376–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.03.002.Search in Google Scholar

Li, S.R. and Santosh, M. (2017) Geodynamics of heterogeneous gold mineralization in the North China Craton and its relationship to lithospheric destruction. Gondwana Research, 50, 267–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.05.007.Search in Google Scholar

Li, J.W., Bi, S.J., Selby, D., Chen, L., Vasconcelos, P., Thiede, D., Zhou, M.F., Zhao, X.F., Li, Z.K., and Qiu, H.N. (2012) Giant Mesozoic gold provinces related to the destruction of the North China craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 349–350, 26–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.058.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y.C. and Wang, S.P. (2015) Electrochemical properties for Co-doped pyrite with high conductivity. Energies, 8, 9584–9593, https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099584.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y., Hu, Z., Gao, S., Günther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C., and Chen, H. (2008) In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology, 257, 34–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.004.Search in Google Scholar

Ma, L., Jiang, S.Y., Hofmann, A.W., Dai, B-Z., Hou, M-L., Zhao, K-D., Chen, L-H., Li, J-W., and Jiang, Y-H. (2014) Lithospheric and asthenospheric sources of lamprophyres in the Jiaodong Peninsula: A consequence of rapid lithospheric thinning beneath the North China Craton? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 124, 250–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.035.Search in Google Scholar

Macpherson, H.A. and Stoldt, C.R. (2012) Iron pyrite nanocubes: Size and shape considerations for photovoltaic application. ACS Nano, 6, 8940–8949, https://doi.org/10.1021/nn3029502.Search in Google Scholar

Maddox, L.M., Bancroft, G.M., Scaini, M.J., and Lorimer, J.W. (1998) Invisible gold: Comparison of Au deposition on pyrite and arsenopyrite. American Mineralogist, 83, 1240–1245, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-11-1212.Search in Google Scholar

Mann, S., Sparks, N.H.C., Frankel, R.B., Bazylinski, D.A., and Jannasch, H.W. (1990) Biomineralization of ferromagnetic greigite (Fe₃S₄) and iron pyrite (FeS₂) in a magnetotactic bacterium. Nature, 343, 258–261, https://doi.org/10.1038/343258a0.Search in Google Scholar

Mehta, A.P. and Murr, L.E. (1983) Fundamental studies of the contribution of galvanic interaction to acid-bacterial leaching of mixed metal sulfides. Hydrometallurgy, 9, 235–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386X(83)90025-7.Search in Google Scholar

Melling, D.R., Watkinson, D.H., Fox, P.E., and Cameron, R.S. (1990) Carbonatization and propylitic alteration of fragmental basaltic rocks, Quesnel River gold deposit, Central British Columbia. Mineralium Deposita, 25, S115–S124, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205258.Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, F.M., Moller, R., de Bruin, D., Przybylowicz, W.J., and Prozesky, V.M. (1994) The gold-pyrite association in Witwatersrand Reefs: Evidence for electrochemical precipitation of gold. Exploration and Mining Geology, 3, 207–217.Search in Google Scholar

Mills, S.E., Tomkins, A.G., Weinberg, R.F., and Fan, H.R. (2015) Implications of pyrite geochemistry for gold mineralization and remobilization in the Jiaodong gold district, northeast China. Ore Geology Reviews, 71, 150–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.04.022.Search in Google Scholar

Mironov, A.G., Zhmodik, S.M., and Maksimova, E.A. (1981) An experimental investigation of the sorption of gold by pyrites with different thermoelectric properties. Geochemistry International, 18, 153–160.Search in Google Scholar

Möller, P. and Kersten, G. (1994) Electrochemical accumulation of visible gold on pyrite and arsenopyrite surfaces. Mineralium Deposita, 29, 404–413, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01886958.Search in Google Scholar

Morishita, Y., Shimada, N., and Shimada, K. (2018) Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite from the high-grade Hishikari gold deposit, Japan: Significance of variation and distribution of Au/As ratios in pyrite. Ore Geology Reviews, 95, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.02.029.Search in Google Scholar

Muntean, J.L., Cline, J.S., Simon, A.C., and Longo, A.A. (2011) Magmatic-hydrothermal origin of Nevada’s Carlin-type gold deposits. Nature Geoscience, 4, 122–127, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1064.Search in Google Scholar

Olvera, O.G., Quiroz, L., Dixon, D.G., and Asselin, E. (2014) Electrochemical dissolution of fresh and passivated chalcopyrite electrodes. Effect of pyrite on the reduction of Fe³⁺ ions and transport processes within the passive film. Electrochimica Acta, 127, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.165.Search in Google Scholar

Pals, D.W., Spry, P.G., and Chryssoulis, S. (2003) Invisible gold and tellurium in arsenic-rich pyrite from the Emperor gold deposit, Fiji: Implications for gold distribution and deposition. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 98, 479–493, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.479.Search in Google Scholar

Paul, R.L., Nicol, M., Diggle, J., and Saunders, A. (1978) The electrochemical behaviour of galena (lead sulphide)—I. Anodic dissolution. Electrochimica Acta, 23(7), 625–633, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(78)80091-7.Search in Google Scholar

Peng, H.W., Fan, H.R., Liu, X., Wen, B.J., Zhang, Y.W., and Feng, K. (2021) New insights into the control of visible gold fineness and deposition: A case study of the Sanshandao gold deposit, Jiaodong, China. American Mineralogist, 106, 135–149, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7475.Search in Google Scholar

Peterson, E.C. and Mavrogenes, J.A. (2014) Linking high-grade gold mineralization to earthquake-induced fault-valve processes in the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea. Geology, 42, 383–386, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35286.1.Search in Google Scholar

Pokrovski, G.S., Akinfiev, N.N., Borisova, A.Y., Zotov, A.V., and Kouzmanov, K. (2014) Gold speciation and transport in geological fluids: Insights from experiments and physical-chemical modelling. Special Publication - Geological Society of London, 402, 9–70, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP402.4.Search in Google Scholar

Popov, P.A., Fedorov, P.P., and Kuznetsov, S.V. (2013) Thermal conductivity of FeS₂ pyrite crystals in the temperature range 50–300 K. Crystallography Reports, 58, 319–321, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063774513020223.Search in Google Scholar

Pridmore, D.F. and Shuey, R.T. (1976) The electrical resistivity of galena, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. American Mineralogist, 61, 248–259.Search in Google Scholar

Qiu, Y., Groves, D.I., McNaughton, N.J., Wang, L.G., and Zhou, T. (2002) Nature, age, and tectonic setting of granitoid-hosted, orogenic gold deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern North China Craton, China. Mineralium Deposita, 37, 283–305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0238-3.Search in Google Scholar

Rahman, M., Boschloo, G., Hagfeldt, A., and Edvinsson, T. (2020) On the mechanistic understanding of photovoltage loss in iron pyrite solar cells. Advanced Materials, 32, 1905653, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905653.Search in Google Scholar

Railsback, L.B. (2003) An earth scientist’s periodic table of the elements and their ions. Geology, 31, 737–740, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19542.1.Search in Google Scholar

Ray, D., Voigt, B., Manno, M., Leighton, C., Aydil, E.S., and Gagliardi, L. (2020) Sulfur vacancy clustering and its impact on electronic properties in pyrite FeS₂. Chemistry of Materials, 32, 4820–4831, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01669.Search in Google Scholar

Reich, M., Kesler, S.E., Utsunomiya, S., Palenik, C.S., Chryssoulis, S.L., and Ewing, R.C. (2005) Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 2781–2796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.011.Search in Google Scholar

Reich, M., Deditius, A.P., Chryssoulis, S., Li, J.W., Ma, C.Q., Parada, M.A., Barra, F., and Mittermayr, F. (2013) Pyrite as a record of hydrothermal fluid evolution in a porphyry copper system: A SIMS/EPMA trace element study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 104, 42–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.006.Search in Google Scholar

Román, N., Reich, M., Leisen, M., Morata, D., Barra, F., and Deditius, A.P. (2019) Geochemical and micro-textural fingerprints of boiling in pyrite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 246, 60–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.11.034.Search in Google Scholar

Santosh, M. and Groves, D.I. (2022) Global metallogeny in relation to secular evolution of the Earth and supercontinent cycles. Gondwana Research, 107, 395–422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.007.Search in Google Scholar

Santosh, M., Liu, S.J., Tsunogae, T., and Li, J.H. (2012) Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature granulites in the North China Craton: implications for tectonic models on extreme crustal metamorphism. Precambrian Research, 222, 77–106.Search in Google Scholar

Santosh, M., Liu, D., Shi, Y., and Liu, S.J. (2013) Paleoproterozoic accretionary orogenesis in the North China Craton: a SHRIMP zircon study. Precambrian Research, 227, 29–54.Search in Google Scholar

Savage, K.S., Stefan, D., and Lehner, S.W. (2008) Impurities and heterogeneity in pyrite: Influences on electrical properties and oxidation products. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 103–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.010.Search in Google Scholar

Schieck, R., Hartmann, A., Fiechter, S., Könenkamp, R., and Wetzel, H. (1990) Electrical properties of natural and synthetic pyrite (FeS₂) crystals. Journal of Materials Research, 5, 1567–1572, https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1990.1567.Search in Google Scholar

Schoonen, M.A. (2004) Mechanisms of sedimentary pyrite formation. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 379, 117–134.Search in Google Scholar

Seal, R.R. (2006) Sulfur isotope geochemistry of sulfide minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 61, 633–677.Search in Google Scholar

Shimazaki, J.H., Hu, H., and Zhao, S.Y. (1994) Two types of greenstone belts in the Shandong Province, eastern China. Resource Geology, 44, 101–110.Search in Google Scholar

Simon, G., Huang, H., Penner-Hahn, J.E., Kesler, S.E., and Kao, L.S. (1999) Oxidation state of gold and arsenic in gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. American Mineralogist, 84, 1071–1079, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1999-7-809.Search in Google Scholar

Starling, A., Gilligan, J.M., Carter, A.H.C., Foster, R.P., and Saunders, R.A. (1989) High-temperature hydrothermal precipitation of precious metals on the surface of pyrite. Nature, 340, 298–300, https://doi.org/10.1038/340298a0.Search in Google Scholar

Steadman, J.A. and Large, R.R. (2016) Synsedimentary, diagenetic, and metamorphic pyrite, pyrrhotite, and marcasite at the Homestake BIF-hosted gold deposit, south Dakota, USA: Insights on Au-As ore genesis from textural and LA-ICP-MS trace element studies. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 111, 1731–1752, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.7.1731.Search in Google Scholar

Steadman, J.A., Large, R.R., Olin, P.H., Danyushevsky, L.V., Meffre, S., Huston, D., Fabris, A., Lisitsin, V., and Wells, T. (2021) Pyrite trace element behavior in magmatic-hydrothermal environments: An LA-ICPMS imaging study. Ore Geology Reviews, 128, 103878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103878.Search in Google Scholar

Sung, Y.H., Brugger, J., Ciobanu, L., Pring, A., Skinner, W., and Nugus, M. (2009) Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite from a multistage Archaean gold deposit: Sunrise Dam, Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 44, 765–791, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-009-0244-4.Search in Google Scholar

Tanner, D., Henley, R.W., Mavrogenes, J.A., and Holden, P. (2016) Sulfur isotope and trace element systematics of zoned pyrite crystals from the El Indio Au-Cu-Ag deposit, Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 171, 33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1248-6.Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, H.V., Large, R.R., Bull, S.W., Maslennikov, V., Berry, R.F., Fraser, R., Froud, S., and Moye, R. (2011) Pyrite and pyrrhotite textures and composition in sediments, laminated quartz veins, and reefs at Bendigo Gold Mine, Australia: Insights for ore genesis. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 106, 1–31, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.1.1.Search in Google Scholar

Uhlig, C., Guenes, E., Schulze, A.S., Elm, M.T., Klar, P.J., and Schlecht, S. (2014) Nanoscale FeS₂ (pyrite) as a sustainable thermoelectric material. Journal of Electronic Materials, 43, 2362–2370, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3065-x.Search in Google Scholar

Ulrich, T., Long, D.G.F., Kamber, B.S., and Whitehouse, M.J. (2011) In situ trace element and sulfur isotope analysis of pyrite in a Paleoproterozoic gold placer deposit, Pardo and clement townships, Ontario, Canada. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 106, 667–686, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.4.667.Search in Google Scholar

Vaughan, D.J. and Corkhill, C.L. (2017) Mineralogy of sulfides. Elements, 13, 81–87, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.13.2.81.Search in Google Scholar

Voigt, B., Moore, W., Manno, M., Walter, J., Jeremiason, J.D., Aydil, E.S., and Leighton, C. (2019) Transport evidence for sulfur vacancies as the origin of unintentional n-type doping in pyrite FeS₂. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 11, 1944–8244.Search in Google Scholar

Voigt, B., Moore, W., Maiti, M., Walter, J., Das, B., Manno, M., Leighton, C., and Aydil, E.S. (2020) Observation of an internal p-n junction in pyrite FeS₂ single crystals: Potential origin of the low open circuit voltage in pyrite solar cells. ACS Materials Letters, 2, 861–868, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00207.Search in Google Scholar

Voigt, B., Das, B., Carr, D.M., Ray, D., Maiti, M., Moore, W., Manno, M., Walter, J., Aydil, E.S., and Leighton, C. (2021) Mitigation of the Internal p-n Junction in CoS₂-contacted FeS₂ single crystals: Accessing bulk semiconducting transport. Physical Review Materials, 5, 025405, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.025405.Search in Google Scholar

Voigt, B., Valor, L.S., Moore, W., Jeremiason, J., Kakalios, J., Aydil, E.S., and Leighton, C. (2023) Controlled p-type doping of pyrite FeS₂. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15, 28258–28266, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c04662.Search in Google Scholar

Voisey, C.R., Willis, D., Tomkins, A.G., Wilson, C.J.L., Micklethwaite, S., Salvemini, F., Bougoure, J., and Rickard, W.D.A. (2020) Aseismic refinement of orogenic gold systems. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 115, 33–50, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4692.Search in Google Scholar

Walter, J., Zhang, X., Voigt, B., Hool, R., Manno, M., Mork, F., Aydil, E.S., and Leighton, C. (2017) Surface conduction in n-type pyrite FeS₂ single crystals. Physical Review Materials, 1, 065403, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.065403.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, F., Ge, C., Ning, S., Nie, L., Zhong, G., and White, N. (2017) A new approach to LA-ICP-MS mapping and application in geology. Acta Petrologica Sinia, 33, 3422–3436.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Z., Cheng, H., Zong, K., Geng, X., Liu, Y., Yang, J., Wu, F., Becker, H., Foley, S., and Wang, C.Y. (2020) Metasomatized lithospheric mantle for Mesozoic giant gold deposits in the North China craton. Geology, 48, 169–173, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46662.1.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, C., Song, S.G., Su, L., Allen, M.B., and Dong, J.L. (2021a) Lithospheric modification at the onset of the destruction of the North China Craton: Evidence from Late Triassic mafic dykes. Chemical Geology, 566, 120105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120105.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, S.H., Shen, J.F., Du, B.S., Xu, K.X., Zhang, Z., and Liu, C. (2021b) The relationship between natural pyrite and impurity element semiconductor properties: A case study of vein pyrite from the Zaozigou Gold Deposit in China. Minerals, 11, 596, https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060596.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Q.F., Yang, L., Zhao, H.S., Groves, D.I., Weng, W., Xue, S., Li, H., Dong, C., Yang, L., Li, D., and Deng, J. (2022) Towards a universal model for orogenic gold systems: A perspective based on Chinese examples with geodynamic, temporal, and deposit-scale structural and geochemical diversity. Earth-Science Reviews, 224, 103861, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103861.Search in Google Scholar

Widler, A.M. and Seward, T.M. (2002) The adsorption of gold(I) hydrosulfide complexes by iron sulfide surfaces. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 383–402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00791-8.Search in Google Scholar

Williams-Jones, A.E., Bowell, R.J., and Migdisov, A.A. (2009) Gold in solution. Elements, 5, 281–287, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.5.281.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, F.Y., Yang, J.H., Xu, Y.G., Wilde, S.A., and Walker, R.J. (2019a) Destruction of the North China Craton in the Mesozoic. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 47, 173–195, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060342.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Y.F., Fougerouse, D., Evans, K., Reddy, S.M., Saxey, D.W., Guagliardo, P., and Li, J-W. (2019b) Gold, arsenic, and copper zoning in pyrite: A record of fluid chemistry and growth kinetics. Geology, 47, 641–644, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46114.1.Search in Google Scholar

Xing, Y., Brugger, J., Tomkins, A., and Shvarov, Y.V. (2019) Arsenic evolution as a tool for understanding formation of pyritic gold ores. Geology, 47, 335–338, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45708.1.Search in Google Scholar

Yan, Y.T., Zhang, N., Li, S.R., and Li, Y.S. (2014) Mineral chemistry and isotope geochemistry of pyrite from the Heilangou gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. Geoscience Frontiers, 5, 205–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2013.05.003.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, C.X. and Santosh, M. (2020) Ancient deep roots for Mesozoic world-class gold deposits in the north China craton: An integrated genetic perspective. Geoscience Frontiers, 11, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.03.002.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, L., Wang, Q., Large, R.R., Fougerouse, D., Mukherjee, I., Zhang, Q., and Deng, J. (2022) Texture and geochemistry of pyrite from the Jinya, Nakuang and Gaolong gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin: Implications for basin-scale gold mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 57, 1367–1390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01115-1.Search in Google Scholar

Zaka, A., Alhassan, S.M., and Nayfeh, A. (2022) Iron pyrite in photovoltaics: A review on recent trends and challenges. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 4, 4173–4211, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.2c00489.Search in Google Scholar

Zhai, M.G. and Santosh, M. (2013) Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth. Gondwana Research, 24, 275–297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.02.007.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, S.H., Zhao, Y., Davis, G.A., Ye, H., and Wu, F. (2014) Temporal and spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatismand deformation in the North China Craton: Implications for lithospheric thinning and decratonization. Earth-Science Reviews, 131, 49–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.12.004.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, X., Li, M., Walter, J., O’Brien, L., Manno, M.A., Voigt, B., Mork, F., Baryshev, S.V., Kakalios, J., Aydil, E.S., and Leighton, C. (2017) Potential resolution to the doping puzzle in iron pyrite: Carrier type determination by Hall effect and thermopower. Physical Review Materials, 1, 015402, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.015402.Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, G.C., Wilde, S.A., Cawood, P.A., and Sun, M. (2001) Archean blocks and their boundaries in the North China Craton: Lithological, geochemical, structural and P-T path constraints and tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research, 107, 45–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00154-6.Search in Google Scholar

Zheng, X.F., Nie, Z.Y., Jiang, Q., Yao, X., Chen, J.H., Liu, H.C., and Xia, J.L. (2021) The mechanism by which FeS₂ promotes the bioleaching of CuFeS₂: An electrochemical and DFT study. Minerals Engineering, 173, 107233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107233.Search in Google Scholar

Ziat, Y., Abbassi, A., Slassi, A., Hammi, M., Raiss, A.A., Rhazouani, O.E., Houmad, M., Echihi, S., and Kenz, A.E. (2016) First-principles investigation of the electronic and optical properties of Al-doped FeS₂ pyrite for photovoltaic applications. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 48, 511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0781-x.Search in Google Scholar

Ziolkowski, P., Wambach, M., Ludwig, A., and Mueller, E. (2018) Application of High-Throughput Seebeck Microprobe Measurements on Thermoelectric Half-Heusler Thin Film Combinatorial Material Libraries. ACS Combinatorial Science, 20, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.7b00019.Search in Google Scholar

Zuñiga-Puelles, E., Cardoso-Gil, R., Bobnar, M., Veremchuk, I., Heide, G., and Gumeniuk, R. (2021) Electrical and thermal transport properties of natural and synthetic FeAs_xS2_–x (x ≤ 0.01). Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 150, 109809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109809.Search in Google Scholar