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Magnesio-ferri-hornblende, □Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2, a new member of the amphibole supergroup

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Published/Copyright: May 31, 2024
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 109 Issue 6

Abstract

Magnesio-ferri-hornblende, ideally □Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2, is a new mineral of the amphibole supergroup from the Husite granitic complex related to skarn-type Fe-Cu mineralization in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang, northwestern China. The new species and the new name have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (2021-100). Magnesio-ferri-hornblende is dark green to green-black with a vitreous luster and a pale gray-green to gray-white streak. It occurs mostly as subhedral-columnar crystals with lengths of 0.5 to 3 mm and shows well-developed {110} cleavage. It has a Mohs hardness of ~5 and a Vickers microhardness of 389–448 kg/mm2 (VHN load in 100 g) and is brittle with a conchoidal fracture. The measured and calculated densities are 3.275(6) and 3.204 g/cm3, respectively. In transmitted plane-polarized light, magnesio-ferri-hornblende is strongly pleochroic, X = pale yellow, Y = yellowish brown, Z = dark yellowish green. It is biaxial (−), α = 1.651(2), β = 1.658(2), γ = 1.662(2), 2V (meas) = 73 (1)° to 82 (1)°, and 2V (calc) = 73.9 (1)°, dispersion is r > v, medium to strong. The orientation is Y||b, X^a = 31.5° (β obtuse), Z^c = 16.5° (β acute).

Magnesio-ferri-hornblende is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.8620(3), b = 18.1060(5), c = 5.30810(10) Å, β = 104.8480(10)°, V = 916.17(4) Å3, Z = 2. The seven strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.397(52)(110), 3.383(41)(150), 2.717(100)(151), 2.597(84)(061), 2.545 (61)(202), 1.854(49)(172), and 1.519(62)(62 2). Analysis by a combination of electron microprobe and Mössbauer spectroscopy gave SiO2 47.37, TiO2 1.51, Al2O3 7.07, Fe2O3 3.86, FeO 11.62, MgO 12.77, CaO 11.22, SrO 0.15, MnO 0.39, Na2O 1.54, K2O 0.78, Cl 0.15, F 0, H2Ocalc 2.01, Cl=O −0.03, sum 100.41 wt%. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 24 (O+OH+F+Cl) with (QH+F+Cl) = 2 apfu is A(□0.62Na0.23K0.15)Σ1.00B(Ca1.76Na0.21Mn0.02Sr0.01)Σ2.00 C(Mg2.79Fe1.422+Fe0.433+Ti0.17Al0.16Mn0.03)Σ5.00T(Si6.94Al1.06)Σ8.00O22W(OH1.96Cl0.04)Σ2.00. The crystal structure of magnesio-ferri-hornblende was refined to an R1 of 3.95% using 2185 data (>2σ) collected with MoKα X-radiation. The A site is dominantly occupied by □ where A(Na+K+2Ca) ≥0.5. TAl is ordered at the T(1) site. M(1) and M(3) are dominantly occupied by Mg2+, and M(2) is occupied by both Mg2+ and high-charged cations. The new mineral occurs most commonly in the porphyry-skarn Fe-Cu-Mo-Au- and hydrothermal Au-mineralized granitoids with high oxygen fugacity but is rare or absent in barren intrusions. Its finding has important significance for magma fertility discrimination and can potentially be used in regional exploration for porphyry-skarn ore systems.

Keywords: Magnesio-ferri-hornblende; amphibole; optical properties; electron-microprobe analysis; crystal-structure refinement; magma fertility; Western Tianshan; China

Acknowledgments and Funding

We are grateful to He Mingyue, Su Shangguo, Hou Weiguo, Feng Liqiang, Hu Dafu, and Li Xiaoyao from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Liu Baoshun from University of Science and Technology Beijing, and Gu Xiangping from Central South University for their help in experimental work. We thank Feng Jing and Ma Huadong from the National 305 Project Office in Xinjiang for their assistance in the field. We also thank Yang Hexiong from University of Arizona, Sergey M. Aksenov from Laboratory of Arctic Mineralogy and Material Sciences, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, and Xian Haiyang from Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences for their help in the structure refinement. The manuscript has been greatly improved by the valuable editorial efforts and constructive comments of Associate Editor G. Diego Gatta and three anonymous reviewers. The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grants of 42130804 and 42002044, the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2018YFC0604003) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 2023B03016), and the Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.

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Received: 2022-12-28
Accepted: 2023-07-27
Published Online: 2024-05-31
Published in Print: 2024-06-25

© 2024 by Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Perspectives
  2. Concerning tetrahedrites: How much to lump and how far to split?
  3. The space-time architecture variation of the shallow magmatic plumbing systems feeding the Campi Flegrei and Ischia volcanoes (Southern Italy) from halogen constraints
  4. Effect of chlorine substitution on the thermal stability of ferro-pargasite and thermochemical properties of ferro-chloro-hornblende
  5. Ilmenite phase transformations in suevite from the Ries impact structure (Germany) record evolution in pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions
  6. The 34S/32S homogeneity of Chemical Vapor Transport (CVT) Reaction-synthesized pyrites
  7. Hydrogen incorporation mechanism in the lower-mantle bridgmanite
  8. Different structural behavior of MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses at high pressures
  9. High-pressure phase transitions of Fe-bearing orthopyroxene revealed by Raman spectroscopy
  10. High P-T phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite: Post-spinel phases as indicators for P-T conditions of formation of natural samples
  11. Magnesio-ferri-hornblende, □Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2, a new member of the amphibole supergroup
  12. A multivariate statistical approach for mineral geographic provenance determination using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and electron microprobe chemical data: A case study of copper-bearing tourmalines
  13. Characteristics of congruent dissolution of silicate minerals enhanced by chelating ligand under ambient conditions
  14. Pyrite stability and chalcophile element mobility in a hot Eocene forearc of the Pacific Rim Terrane, Vancouver Island, Canada
  15. Multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy of natural nanostructured carbons
  16. A machine learning approach to discrimination of igneous rocks and ore deposits by zircon trace elements
  17. Book Review
  18. RIMG Volume 88: Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-8922
Keywords for this article
Magnesio-ferri-hornblende; amphibole; optical properties; electron-microprobe analysis; crystal-structure refinement; magma fertility; Western Tianshan; China

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Perspectives
  2. Concerning tetrahedrites: How much to lump and how far to split?
  3. The space-time architecture variation of the shallow magmatic plumbing systems feeding the Campi Flegrei and Ischia volcanoes (Southern Italy) from halogen constraints
  4. Effect of chlorine substitution on the thermal stability of ferro-pargasite and thermochemical properties of ferro-chloro-hornblende
  5. Ilmenite phase transformations in suevite from the Ries impact structure (Germany) record evolution in pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions
  6. The 34S/32S homogeneity of Chemical Vapor Transport (CVT) Reaction-synthesized pyrites
  7. Hydrogen incorporation mechanism in the lower-mantle bridgmanite
  8. Different structural behavior of MgSiO3 and CaSiO3 glasses at high pressures
  9. High-pressure phase transitions of Fe-bearing orthopyroxene revealed by Raman spectroscopy
  10. High P-T phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite: Post-spinel phases as indicators for P-T conditions of formation of natural samples
  11. Magnesio-ferri-hornblende, □Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2, a new member of the amphibole supergroup
  12. A multivariate statistical approach for mineral geographic provenance determination using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and electron microprobe chemical data: A case study of copper-bearing tourmalines
  13. Characteristics of congruent dissolution of silicate minerals enhanced by chelating ligand under ambient conditions
  14. Pyrite stability and chalcophile element mobility in a hot Eocene forearc of the Pacific Rim Terrane, Vancouver Island, Canada
  15. Multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy of natural nanostructured carbons
  16. A machine learning approach to discrimination of igneous rocks and ore deposits by zircon trace elements
  17. Book Review
  18. RIMG Volume 88: Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry
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