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Halogen fractionation during vapor-brine phase separation revealed by in situ Cl, Br, and I analysis of scapolite from the Yixingzhai gold deposit, North China Craton

  • Wen-Sheng Gao ORCID logo , Xiao-Dong Deng ORCID logo , Lei Chen , Li-Zhong Zhang , Yu-Xiang Li , Tao Luo and Jian-Wei Li
Published/Copyright: March 11, 2024
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 109 Issue 3

Abstract

Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) are major complexing agents for metal ions, and their ratios (Br/Cl and I/Cl) have been used to determine the source and evolution of hydrothermal fluid. Halogen fractionation during hydrothermal fluid evolution, however, has been inferred from several studies, which poses problems in using halogen ratios as a fluid tracer. The Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios of scapolite are consistent with those ratios present in the coexisting fluid during scapolite formation, making this mineral particularly useful for understanding hydrothermal fluid evolution. To better understand halogen fractionation during vapor-brine phase separation, we conducted fluid inclusion microthermometry, major elements, and in situ halogens and Sr isotope analysis of scapolite formed from a high-salinity hydrothermal fluid during the vapor-brine phase separation at the Yixingzhai gold deposit, North China Craton. The studied scapolite has 1.84–3.41 wt% Cl, 389–806 ppm Br, 8.4–24.4 ppm I, and significantly high Br/Cl (6.1–14.7 × 10–3) and high I/Cl (91–302 × 10–6) molar ratios that likely result from the preferential incorporation of Br and I into the brine phase compared to Cl entering the vapor phase during fluid phase separation. Based on fluid inclusion microthermometry results, the Rayleigh fractionation simulation shows that the Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios of the brine are estimated to be up to 18 × 10–3 and 500 × 10–6 during the formation of scapolite. These results reveal halogen fractionation during the vapor-brine phase separation of hydrothermal fluids. This view has implications for interpreting the halogen systematics of scapolite and other minerals formed in similar environments, particularly when they are used as a fluid tracer.

Keywords: Scapolite; halogen fractionation; phase separation; hydrothermal fluid; Experimental Halogens in Honor of Jim Webster

‡ Special collection papers can be found online at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Funding statement: This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC0600104) and the MOST Special Fund from the GPMR (MSFGPMR2022-5), China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). Wen-Sheng Gao is financially supported by the China Scholarship Council (202106410102). We certify that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Received: 2022-10-06
Accepted: 2023-04-20
Published Online: 2024-03-11
Published in Print: 2024-03-25

© 2024 by Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. The efects of oxygen fugacity and sulfur on the pressure of vapor-saturation of magma
  2. Vergasovaite to cupromolybdite topotactic transformation with crystal shape preservation
  3. Experimental study on the kinetics of magnesiohornblende dehydration and its implications
  4. Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
  5. The composition of mackinawite
  6. Halogen fractionation during vapor-brine phase separation revealed by in situ Cl, Br, and I analysis of scapolite from the Yixingzhai gold deposit, North China Craton
  7. The effects of oxygen fugacity and sulfur on the pressure of vapor-saturation of magma
  8. A revisit to the phase transition behavior of K-feldspar at high-pressure and high-temperature: Implications on metastable K-feldspar in cold subduction
  9. Equation of state and structural evolution of manganese dolomite (kutnohorite) under high pressures
  10. A possible origin of the lunar spinel-bearing lithologies as told by the meteorite NWA 13191
  11. Vergasovaite to cupromolybdite topotactic transformation with crystal shape preservation
  12. Thermal conductivity of aluminous garnets in Earth’s deep interior
  13. Interaction of seawater with (ultra)mafic alkaline rocks—Alternative process for the formation of aegirine
  14. Experimental study on the kinetics of magnesiohornblende dehydration and its implications
  15. Predicting olivine formation environments using machine learning and implications for magmatic sulfide prospecting
  16. Reaction between volatile-bearing eclogite and harzburgite as a function of degree of interaction: Experimental constraints at 4 GPa
  17. Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
  18. Multiple magmatic processes revealed by distinct clinopyroxene populations in the magma plumbing system: A case study from a Miocene volcano in West Qinling, Central China
  19. Genetic implications, composition, and structure of trioctahedral micas in xenoliths related to Plinian eruptions from the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Italy)
  20. Magmatic and hydrothermal controls on diverse Nb mineralization associated with carbonatite-alkaline complexes in the southern Qinling orogenic belt, Central China
  21. Potassium isotope fractionation during silicate-carbonatite melt immiscibility and phlogopite fractional crystallization
  22. Yuchuanite-(Y), Y2(CO3)3·H3O, a new hydrous yttrium carbonate mineral from the Yushui Cu deposit, South China
  23. Nature and timing of Sn mineralization in southern Hunan, South China: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS cassiterite U-Pb geochronology and trace element composition
  24. A simple method for obtaining heat capacity coefficients of minerals
  25. Letter
  26. Molybdenum isotopic fractionation in the Panzhihua mafic layered intrusion in the Emeishan large igneous province, southwest China
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8826
Keywords for this article
Scapolite; halogen fractionation; phase separation; hydrothermal fluid; Experimental Halogens in Honor of Jim Webster

Articles in the same Issue

  1. The efects of oxygen fugacity and sulfur on the pressure of vapor-saturation of magma
  2. Vergasovaite to cupromolybdite topotactic transformation with crystal shape preservation
  3. Experimental study on the kinetics of magnesiohornblende dehydration and its implications
  4. Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
  5. The composition of mackinawite
  6. Halogen fractionation during vapor-brine phase separation revealed by in situ Cl, Br, and I analysis of scapolite from the Yixingzhai gold deposit, North China Craton
  7. The effects of oxygen fugacity and sulfur on the pressure of vapor-saturation of magma
  8. A revisit to the phase transition behavior of K-feldspar at high-pressure and high-temperature: Implications on metastable K-feldspar in cold subduction
  9. Equation of state and structural evolution of manganese dolomite (kutnohorite) under high pressures
  10. A possible origin of the lunar spinel-bearing lithologies as told by the meteorite NWA 13191
  11. Vergasovaite to cupromolybdite topotactic transformation with crystal shape preservation
  12. Thermal conductivity of aluminous garnets in Earth’s deep interior
  13. Interaction of seawater with (ultra)mafic alkaline rocks—Alternative process for the formation of aegirine
  14. Experimental study on the kinetics of magnesiohornblende dehydration and its implications
  15. Predicting olivine formation environments using machine learning and implications for magmatic sulfide prospecting
  16. Reaction between volatile-bearing eclogite and harzburgite as a function of degree of interaction: Experimental constraints at 4 GPa
  17. Thermal behavior of borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O
  18. Multiple magmatic processes revealed by distinct clinopyroxene populations in the magma plumbing system: A case study from a Miocene volcano in West Qinling, Central China
  19. Genetic implications, composition, and structure of trioctahedral micas in xenoliths related to Plinian eruptions from the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Italy)
  20. Magmatic and hydrothermal controls on diverse Nb mineralization associated with carbonatite-alkaline complexes in the southern Qinling orogenic belt, Central China
  21. Potassium isotope fractionation during silicate-carbonatite melt immiscibility and phlogopite fractional crystallization
  22. Yuchuanite-(Y), Y2(CO3)3·H3O, a new hydrous yttrium carbonate mineral from the Yushui Cu deposit, South China
  23. Nature and timing of Sn mineralization in southern Hunan, South China: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS cassiterite U-Pb geochronology and trace element composition
  24. A simple method for obtaining heat capacity coefficients of minerals
  25. Letter
  26. Molybdenum isotopic fractionation in the Panzhihua mafic layered intrusion in the Emeishan large igneous province, southwest China
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