Home Physical Sciences Multiple generations of tourmaline from Yushishanxi leucogranite in South Qilian of western China record a complex formation history from B-rich melt to hydrothermal fluid
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Multiple generations of tourmaline from Yushishanxi leucogranite in South Qilian of western China record a complex formation history from B-rich melt to hydrothermal fluid

  • Tao Liu and Shao-Yong Jiang ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: May 27, 2021
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Abstract

One tourmaline-bearing leucogranite dike occurs in the Yushishanxi Nb-Ta mining area in the Yushishan district of the South Qilian orogenic belt in western China. Abundant tourmalines have been identified in the leucogranite, including disseminated, crosscutting quartz-tourmaline veins and tourmaline veinlets. Detailed petrological, geochemical, and boron isotopic studies indicate that these tourmalines have distinctive core-rim zoning signatures and significant chemical variations, which can be divided into four paragenetic generations. Generation-I tourmalines in the leucogranite have a magmatic origin and were followed by hydrothermal Generation-II, Generation-III, and Generation-IV. Tourmalines from all four generations belong to the alkali group and the schorl-dravite solid-solution series. The most notable features are the variations in Mg, Fe, and Ca contents. The variable Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios in generations I to IV may be attributed to the multiple influx and/or interaction of initially magma-derived hydrothermal fluid with surrounding rocks, magma-derived Fe-rich hydrothermal fluid, and external metamorphic fluid. In situ B-isotope analyses of tourmaline yield a total range of δ11B values from –11.7 to –6.0‰. The earliest Generation-I tourmalines have δ11B values of –11.1 to –9.6‰, whereas Generation-II and Generation-III tourmalines record a higher δ11B value of –9.5 to –6.0‰ and –9.3 to –6.9‰, respectively. Such an increase is mainly controlled by boron-isotope fractionation between melt-fluid and tourmaline-fluid, Rayleigh fractionation, and also, to some extent, by a hydrothermal recharge from the same magma source. Generation-IV tourmalines have the lightest B-isotope values (down to –11.7‰). This shift back to lighter B-isotopes in the Generation-IV cannot be explained by closed-system crystallization and isotope fractionation of known phases. Alternatively, a lighter source of boron via fluid circulation from the surrounding metamorphic rocks can explain this light boron isotope composition. Therefore, we propose that an isotopically light fluid may have derived from B release during mica breakdown within the surrounding metamorphic rocks.

Funding statement: This work was financially supported by projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC0602405) and the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (No. MSFGPMR03-2).

Acknowledgments

We thank Kui-dong Zhao, Wei Chen, and Shui-yuan Yang for their help during LA-MC-ICP-MS and EMPA analysis. We are grateful to Don R. Baker, Fang-zhen Teng, Marta S. Codeço, and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive comments and suggestions, which significantly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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Received: 2020-02-13
Accepted: 2020-08-26
Published Online: 2021-05-27
Published in Print: 2021-06-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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