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Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions

  • Daniel J. Rasmussen ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Terry A. Plank , Paul J. Wallace , Megan E. Newcombe ORCID logo and Jacob B. Lowenstern ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: December 7, 2020
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 12

Abstract

Melt inclusions record the depth of magmatic processes, magma degassing paths, and volatile budgets of magmas. Extracting this information is a major challenge. It requires determining melt volatile contents at the time of entrapment when working with melt inclusions that have suffered post-entrapment modifications. Several processes decrease internal melt inclusion pressure, resulting in nucleation and growth of a vapor bubble and, time permitting, diffusion of volatiles (especially CO2) into the vapor bubble. Previous studies have shown how this process may lead to most of the CO2 in the bulk melt inclusion being lost to the bubble. Without reconstruction, most of the melt inclusion data in the literature vastly underestimate the CO2 concentrations of magmas by measuring the glass phase only. Methods exist that attempt to reconstruct the entrapped CO2 contents, but they can be difficult to apply and do not always yield consistent results. Here, we explore bubble growth, evaluate CO2 reconstruction approaches, and develop improved experimental and computational approaches. Piston-cylinder experiments were conducted on olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Seguam (Alaska, U.S.A.) and Fuego (Guatemala) volcanoes at the following conditions: 500–800 MPa, 1140–1200 °C for Seguam and 1110–1140 °C for Fuego, 4–8 wt% H2O in the KBr brine filling the experimental capsules, and run durations of 10–120 min. Heated melt inclusions form well-defined S-CO2 trends consistent with degassing models. CO2 contents are enriched by a factor of ~2.5, on average, relative to those of the glasses in unheated melt inclusions, whereas S contents of heated and unheated melt inclusion glasses overlap, indicating that insignificant amounts of S partition into the vapor bubble. For naturally quenched melt inclusions, relatively low closure temperatures for CO2 diffusion enables some CO2 to enter vapor bubbles during quench, whereas higher closure temperatures for S diffusion limits its loss to vapor bubbles. We evaluate the timescales of post-entrapment processes and use the results to develop a new computational model to restore entrapped CO2 contents: melt inclusion modification corrections (MIMiC). Heated melt inclusion data are used as a benchmark to evaluate the results from MIMiC and other published methods of CO2 reconstruction. The methods perform variably well. Key advantages to our experimental technique are accurate measurements of CO2 contents and efficient rehomogenization of large quantities of melt inclusions. Our new computational model produces more accurate results than other computational methods, has similar accuracy to the Raman method of CO2 reconstruction in cases where Raman can be applied (i.e., no C-bearing phases in the bubble), and can be applied to the vast body of published melt inclusion data. To obtain the most robust data on bubble-bearing melt inclusions, we recommend taking both experimental- and MIMiC-based approaches.

Keywords: Melt inclusion; olivine; volatile; magma; CO2; depth; diffusion; volcano

Funding statement: This work was supported by the NSF GeoPRISMS program (grant number EAR-1456814). J.B.L. is funded through the U. S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Acknowledgments

We are very appreciative to D. Walker for helping develop the rehomogenization technique, guidance in the experimental laboratory, and modeling discussions, and we are grateful to S. Newman for sharing the VolatileCalc code. We express our gratitude for thoughtful reviews provided by C. Bucholz, T. Sisson, and one anonymous reviewer, and for editorial handling by C. Till. Additionally, we thank A. Fiege for assistance with electron probe microanalysis.

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Received: 2019-11-23
Accepted: 2020-05-16
Published Online: 2020-12-07
Published in Print: 2020-12-16

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. MSA Centennial Review Paper
  2. The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
  3. Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
  4. Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
  5. Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
  6. Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
  7. Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
  8. Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
  9. Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
  10. Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
  11. The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
  12. Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
  13. Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
  14. New Mineral Names
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7377
Keywords for this article
Melt inclusion; olivine; volatile; magma; CO2; depth; diffusion; volcano

Articles in the same Issue

  1. MSA Centennial Review Paper
  2. The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
  3. Phase transitions in Ɛ-FeOOH at high pressure and ambient temperature
  4. Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
  5. Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
  6. Quantitative microscale Fe redox imaging by multiple energy X-ray fluorescence mapping at the Fe K pre-edge peak
  7. Quantification of excess 231Pa in late Quaternary igneous baddeleyite
  8. Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
  9. Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
  10. Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
  11. The origin of Ti-oxide minerals below and within the eastern Athabasca Basin, Canada
  12. Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
  13. Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
  14. New Mineral Names
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