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Micro- and nano-scale textural and compositional zonation in plagioclase at the Black Mountain porphyry Cu deposit: Implications for magmatic processes

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Published/Copyright: February 26, 2019
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 104 Issue 3

Abstract

Textural and compositional microscale (10–100 μm) and nanoscale (10–100 nm) zoning in a plagioclase phenocryst from a fresh, syn-mineralization diorite porphyry (Black Mountain porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Philippines) was characterized for major and trace elements using electron microprobe, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and atom probe tomography. The complex plagioclase crystal (3.0 × 5.4 mm) has a patchy andesine core (An41–48 mol%), eroded bytownite mantle (An71–80 mol%), and oscillatory andesine rim (An39–51 mol%). Microscale variations with a periodic width of 50 to 200 μm were noted for most major and trace elements (Si, Ca, Al, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Sr, Ba, Pb, La, Ce, and Pr) with a ΔAn amplitude of 4–12 mol% in both the core and rim. The mantle has a distinct elemental composition, indicating the addition of hotter mafic magma to the andesitic magma. Atom probe tomography shows an absence of nanoscale variations in the andesine rim but alternating nanoscale (25–30 nm) Al-rich, Ca-rich, and Si-rich, Na-rich zones with a Ca/(Ca+Na)at% amplitude of ~10 in the bytownite mantle.

The restricted variations in physiochemical parameters (H2O-rich, T = 865 to 895 °C, P = 5.3 to 6.2 kbar; fO2 = NNO+0.6 to NNO+1.1 recorded by co-precipitated amphibole) suggest microscale oscillatory zoning was likely controlled by internal crystal growth mechanisms, and not by periodic variations in physiochemical conditions. However, the uniform diffusion timescale for CaAl-NaSi interdiffusion in the mantle is far shorter than the crystallization timescale of the grain from mantle to rim, suggesting nanoscale zonation in the bytownite mantle formed by exsolution after crystallization. The occurrence of micro-scale zoning in plagioclase indicates a minimum cooling rate of 0.0005 °C/yr during crystallization, assuming an initial temperature of 880 °C, the width of 50 μm, and NaSi-CaAl interdiffusion under hydrous conditions. Assuming a formation temperature of ~675 °C for the nanoscale exsolution texture as constrained by zircon crystallization temperatures, the retention of nanoscale zoning (~28 nm) requires a minimum cooling rate of 0.26 °C/yr. Given that this is significantly faster cooling than would occur in a magma chamber, this texture likely records the post-crystallization emplacement history.

Keywords: Atom probe tomography; plagioclase zonation; microscale; nanoscale; Black Mountain porphyry Cu deposit; Philippines

  1. Funding: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFC0601306), National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (41672090) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2018086) to Mingjian Cao. The John de Laeter Centre (JdLC), Curtin University is thanked for access and technical support. GeoHistory Facility instruments in the JdLC, Curtin University were funded via an Australian Geophysical Observing System grant provided to AuScope Pty Ltd. by the AQ44 Australian Education Investment Fund program. The Australian Resource Characterization Facility (ARCF) in the JdLC, under the auspices of the National Resource Sciences Precinct (NRSP)—a collaboration between CSIRO, Curtin University and The University of Western Australia—is supported by the Science and Industry Endowment Fund (SIEF RI13-01).

Acknowledgments

We thank Gabe Sweet and Mike Baker for sample collection, Anne Hammond and Kristi Tavener of Lakehead for sample preparation, Qian Mao for their assistance with EMP and X-ray map analysis at IGGCAS, and Andrew Putnis of Curtin University for discussion on nanoscale zoning in plagioclase.

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Received: 2018-04-29
Accepted: 2018-11-27
Published Online: 2019-02-26
Published in Print: 2019-03-26

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6609
Keywords for this article
Atom probe tomography; plagioclase zonation; microscale; nanoscale; Black Mountain porphyry Cu deposit; Philippines

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Letter
  2. Chessboard structures: Atom-scale imaging of homologs from the kobellite series
  3. Special collection: Microporous materials: Crystal-chemistry, properties, and utilizations
  4. Highlighting the capability of zeolites for agro-chemicals contaminants removal from aqueous matrix: Evidence of 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline adsorption on ZSM-12
  5. Special collection: Physics and chemistry of earth's deep mantle and core
  6. Origin and consequences of non-stoichiometry in iron carbide Fe7C3
  7. Special collection: Isotopes, minerals, and petrology: Honoring John Valley
  8. Application of mineral equilibria to estimate fugacities of H2O, H2, and O2 in mantle xenoliths from the southwestern U.S.A.
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  15. A XANES and EPMA study of Fe3+ in chlorite: Importance of oxychlorite and implications for cation site distribution and thermobarometry
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