Snapshots of primitive arc magma evolution recorded by clinopyroxene textural and compositional variations: The case of hybrid crystal-rich enclaves from Capo Marargiu Volcanic District (Sardinia, Italy)
-
Vanni Tecchiato
, Mario Gaeta
, Silvio Mollo , Olivier Bachmann , Albrecht von Quadt and Piergiorgio Scarlato
Abstract
Capo Marargiu Volcanic District (CMVD) is an Oligo-Miocene calc-alkaline complex located in northwestern Sardinia (Italy) and characterized by the widespread occurrence of basaltic to andesitic domes. One of these domes hosts abundant crystal-rich enclaves with millimeter-to-centimeter sized clinopyroxenes showing intriguing textural features as a result of complex magma dynamics. To better understand the mechanisms governing the early evolution of the CMVD magmatic system, such clinopyroxene phenocrysts have been investigated in terms of their major, trace element, and isotopic compositions. Three distinct clinopyroxene populations have been identified, i.e., Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Type 1 appears as the sub-rounded cores of diopsidic clinopyroxenes with overgrowth textures corresponding to Type 2 and Type 3. These latter populations may also occur as single isolated crystals. Type 2 diopsidic pyroxene exhibits oscillatory zoning and spongy cellular textures with Type 3 overgrowths, whereas Type 3 are polycrystalline augitic glomerocrysts with occasional Type 2 overgrowths. The crystal overgrowths are striking evidence of magma recharge dynamics. Type 1 (CpxMg#83–92), Type 2 (CpxMg#75–82), and Type 3 (CpxMg#72–79) are, respectively, in equilibrium with Sardinian mantle-derived high-Mg basalts (HMB with meltMg#56–73), least differentiated basaltic andesites (BA with meltMg#45–56) and evolved basaltic andesites (EBA with meltMg#41–50). Type 1 and Type 2 are diopsidic phenocrysts that have evolved along a similar geochemical path (i.e., linear increase of Al, Ti, La, and Hf contents, as well as negligible Eu-anomaly) controlled by olivine + clinopyroxene + amphibole fractionation. This differentiation path is related to phenocryst crystallization from hydrous HMB and BA magmas stalling at moderate crustal pressures. The occurrence of globular sulfides within Type 1 suggests saturation of the HMB magma with a sulfide liquid under relatively low redox conditions. Moreover, Type 1 clinopyroxenes show variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios ascribable either to assimilation of crustal material by HMB magma or a mantle source variably contaminated by crustal components. In contrast, Type 3 augitic phenocrysts recorded the effect of plagioclase and titanomagnetite fractionation (i.e., low Al and Ti contents associated with high La and Hf concentrations, as well as important Eu-anomaly) from more degassed EBA magmas ponding at shallow depths. Rare titanite associated to Type 3 and titanomagnetite crystals point to high oxidizing conditions for EBA magmas. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of both Type 2 and Type 3 are almost constant, suggesting a limited interaction of BA and EBA magmas with the country rock. The overall textural and compositional features of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 clinopyroxene phenocrysts lead to the conclusion that CMVD was characterized by a polybaric plumbing system where geochemically distinct magmas crystallized and mixed under variable environmental conditions.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the “CRYSTMAG” project, “#000047 Avvio alla Ricerca” project and doctoral scholarship at Sapienza–Università di Roma. We gratefully acknowledge R. Macdonald and H. Downes for their useful and constructive criticisms. The authors also thank C.M. Petrone for her valuable editorial guidance. F. Forni, D. Szymanowski, B. Ellis, M. Guillong, J. Sliwinski, Y. Buret, S. Large, M. Masotta, and M. Nazzari are acknowledged for their precious help, suggestions, and assistance during sample preparation and analytical work. A. Parmigiani is also acknowledged for the logistical support provided during V.T. staying at ETH Zürich.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Crystallography on Mars: Curiosity’s Bragging right
- Al diffusion in quartz
- Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies
- Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars
- Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite
- Immiscible sulfide melts in primitive oceanic magmas: Evidence and implications from picrite lavas (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia)
- Snapshots of primitive arc magma evolution recorded by clinopyroxene textural and compositional variations: The case of hybrid crystal-rich enclaves from Capo Marargiu Volcanic District (Sardinia, Italy)
- Three-dimensional distribution of primary melt inclusions in garnets by X-ray microtomography
- Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of selected REE-bearing silicate minerals
- Determination of Al/Si order in sillimanite by high angular resolution electron channeling X-ray spectroscopy, and implications for determining peak temperatures of sillimanite
- Ascent rates of rhyolitic magma at the onset of three caldera-forming eruptions
- Temperature dependence of Raman shifts and line widths for Q0 and Q2 crystals of silicates, phosphates, and sulfates
- Single-crystal elastic properties of minerals and related materials with cubic symmetry
- Sodium amphibole in the post-glaucophane high-pressure domain: The role of eckermannite
- Non-hydrostatic stress field orientation inferred from orthopyroxene (Pbca) to low-clinoenstatite (P21/c) inversion in partially dehydrated serpentinites
- Letter
- UHP Ti-chondrodite in the Zermatt-Saas serpentinite: Constraints on a new tectonic scenario
- Book Review
- Book Review
Articles in the same Issue
- Crystallography on Mars: Curiosity’s Bragging right
- Al diffusion in quartz
- Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies
- Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars
- Petrogenesis of martian sulfides in the Chassigny meteorite
- Immiscible sulfide melts in primitive oceanic magmas: Evidence and implications from picrite lavas (Eastern Kamchatka, Russia)
- Snapshots of primitive arc magma evolution recorded by clinopyroxene textural and compositional variations: The case of hybrid crystal-rich enclaves from Capo Marargiu Volcanic District (Sardinia, Italy)
- Three-dimensional distribution of primary melt inclusions in garnets by X-ray microtomography
- Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of selected REE-bearing silicate minerals
- Determination of Al/Si order in sillimanite by high angular resolution electron channeling X-ray spectroscopy, and implications for determining peak temperatures of sillimanite
- Ascent rates of rhyolitic magma at the onset of three caldera-forming eruptions
- Temperature dependence of Raman shifts and line widths for Q0 and Q2 crystals of silicates, phosphates, and sulfates
- Single-crystal elastic properties of minerals and related materials with cubic symmetry
- Sodium amphibole in the post-glaucophane high-pressure domain: The role of eckermannite
- Non-hydrostatic stress field orientation inferred from orthopyroxene (Pbca) to low-clinoenstatite (P21/c) inversion in partially dehydrated serpentinites
- Letter
- UHP Ti-chondrodite in the Zermatt-Saas serpentinite: Constraints on a new tectonic scenario
- Book Review
- Book Review