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Biologically mediated crystallization of buddingtonite in the Paleoproterozoic: Organic-igneous interactions from the Volyn pegmatite, Ukraine

  • Gerhard Franz EMAIL logo , Vladimir Khomenko , Aleksei Vishnyevskyy , Richard Wirth , Ulrich Struck , Jörg Nissen , Ulrich Gernert and Alexander Rocholl
Published/Copyright: October 2, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 10

Abstract

The Volyn pegmatites from Volodarsk-Volynskyi in the Zhytomyr Oblast, NW Ukraine, are associated with granites genetically related to the Paleoproterozoic Korosten pluton. Their late-stage evolution is characterized by the formation of opal-cemented breccia. A polymineralic pseudomorph after beryl within the breccia includes bertrandite (±euclase) + F-muscovite (with tobelite component) + buddingtonite + organic matter (OM) + opal (+ traces of K-feldspar, albite, columbite, FeS2, barite, REE-minerals). Sector-zoned and platy to fibrous buddingtonite has variable (K+Na)-vs. NH4,-contents (electron microprobe analyses) and some H2O or H3O+, as indicated by microscope infrared spectroscopy. We suggest that ammonium was produced by decay of OM, which is partly preserved in the pseudomorph. Energy-dispersive electron microprobe data of the OM show with increasing O–decreasing C-N-content due to degassing; the OM contains the high field strength elements Zr (≤7 at%), Y (≤3 at%), Sc (≤0.8 at%), REE (≤0.3 at%), Th (≤0.2 at%), and U (≤1.25 at%), which increase with increasing O-content. Transmission electron microscopy of the OM confirms the presence of N; Zr, Si, and O (with other HFSE) are concentrated in nanometer-sized areas and at the transition from OM to opal in nanometer-sized platy Zr-Si-O crystals. C-rich areas are amorphous but show poorly developed lattice fringes. OM is present in the pseudomorph also as brown pigmentation of opal and in pegmatitic beryl from Volyn as a component in late stage fluid inclusions, identified by C-H vibrational bands in infrared spectra. Stable isotope investigations of C and N of buddingtonite, black opal and kerite (fibrous OM known from the literature to occur in the Volyn pegmatites and interpreted as microfossils) indicate a biogenic origin of the OM. We propose that OM in the pseudomorph is condensed kerite, which achieved the high concentrations of high field strength elements via fluid-pegmatite interaction. Although no age determination of minerals in the pseudomorph is available, textural arguments and phase equilibria indicate its formation in a late stage of the pegmatite evolution, at P-T conditions below ~100 MPa/150 °C. We favor a conceptual model for the formation of the Volyn buddingtonite in analogy to Phanerozoic occurrences of buddingtonite, where over and around the shallow anorthosite-granite Korosten pluton hydrothermal convection cells introduced N-bearing hydrocarbons and its precursors into the cooling igneous rocks. Due to the elevated temperature, the OM disintegrated into degassing volatile and non-volatile residual components analogous to petroleum maturation. Organic N, released as NH4, was then incorporated into buddingtonite.

Keywords: Buddingtonite; tobelite; kerite; organic matter; Volodarsk-Volynskyi pegmatite field

Acknowledgments

We thank P. Nabein (GFZ) and C. Lange (TUB) for XRD work, F. Börner for some of the artwork, and F. Couffignal (SIMS laboratory GFZ) for technical support. The cooperation between the Ukranian Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, and TU Berlin was generously sponsored by Referat für Aussenbeziehungen of TU Berlin, and a DFG-grant 463 UKR 113/96/0 to G.F. We thank B. Hazen and J. Boak for helpful reviews and D. London for editorial handling.

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Received: 2016-12-12
Accepted: 2017-6-7
Published Online: 2017-10-2
Published in Print: 2017-10-26

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6055
Keywords for this article
Buddingtonite; tobelite; kerite; organic matter; Volodarsk-Volynskyi pegmatite field

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Making a fine-scale ruler for oxide inclusions
  3. Special Collection: Biomaterials—Mineralogy Meets Medicine
  4. Substitution of sulfate in apatite
  5. Actinides in Geology, Energy, and the Environment
  6. Thermodynamic characterization of synthetic autunite
  7. Special Collection: Apatite: A Common Mineral, Uncommonly Versatile
  8. The crystal structure of turneaureite, Ca5(AsO4)3Cl, the arsenate analog of chlorapatite, and its relationships with the arsenate apatites johnbaumite and svabite
  9. Special Collection: From Magmas to Ore Deposits
  10. Cu-Mo partitioning between felsic melts and saline-aqueous fluids as a function of XNaCleq, fO2, and fS2
  11. Special Collection: Dynamics of Magmatic Processes
  12. Continuous mush disaggregation during the long-lasting Laki fissure eruption, Iceland
  14. A new hydrothermal moissanite cell apparatus for optical in-situ observations at high pressure and high temperature, with applications to bubble nucleation in silicate melts
  16. Experimental and thermodynamic investigations on the stability of Mg14Si5O24 anhydrous phase B with relevance to Mg2SiO4 forsterite, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite
  18. Model for the origin, ascent, and eruption of lunar picritic magmas
  20. Phase relations of Fe-Mg spinels including new high-pressure post-spinel phases and implications for natural samples
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  36. Mengxianminite (Ca2Sn2Mg3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2) a new borate mineral from Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, China, with a highly unusual chemical combination (B + Be + Sn)
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