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Effect of alkalis, phosphorus, and water on the surface tension of haplogranite melt

  • Nikolai Bagdassarov EMAIL logo , Alexander Dorfman and Donald B. Dingwell
Published/Copyright: March 25, 2015
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 85 Issue 1

Abstract

The sessile drop method has been used for measurements of the surface tension of haplogranite (HPG) melts containing an excess of alkalis and phosphorous (HPG8, HPG8 + 5 wt% Li2O, 5 wt% Na2O, 20 wt% Na2O, 5 wt% K2O, 5 wt% Rb2O, 5 wt% Cs2O, 10 wt% P2O5) and of Armenian rhyolite in the temperature interval, 650-1665 °C, and at 1 bar pressure. Sessile drops were placed on graphite substrates in a Pyrox tube furnace purged with Ar. Drop shape was monitored with a videocamera and stored in a videorecorder. The surface tension was calculated by measuring the two principal radii of curvature of the drop shape in vertical cross section. The precision of the method was checked against the surface tension of water. The surface tension of HPG and rhyolite melt is ~280-300 ± 5 mN/m in the temperature interval 1200-1400 °C. Temperature dependence of the surface tension of haplogranite melts and rhyolite is weak and positive (dσ/dT = 0.06 to 0.09 mN/m/°C). Addition of 5 wt% of alkali oxides (except Li2O) results in a decrease of the surface tension of haplogranite melts. The HPG melts with 10 wt% P2O5 have 30% higher surface tension than haplogranite melts with excess alkalis, and a negative temperature derivative (dσ/dT = -0.1 mN/m/°C). The HPG melts with 20 wt% Na2O and 5 wt% Li2O exhibit a decrease in surface tension with temperature (dσ/dT = -0.02 and -0.10 mN/m/°C, respectively).

The surface tension of HPG8 melt saturated with water at 1-4 kbar was measured on sessile drops quenched at high pressure in an internally heated gas vessel at temperatures of 800-1200 °C. Water pressure significantly decreases the surface tension of melt from 270 mN/m at 1 bar (1000 °C) to 65 mN/m at 4 kbar. At 1 bar in “dry” conditions, dσ/dT = +0.056 mN/m/°C and at 3 kbar of water pressure, dσ/dT = +0.075 mN/m/°C. The decrease in the surface tension of HPG melt at a water pressure of several kbars is from -10 to -30 mN/m/wt% H2O. The increase of water content to more than 10 wt% in granite melts may not result in any significant decrease in the surface tension, which may be explained by formation of a surface sublayer having physical properties very distinct from those of the bulk.

Received: 1999-6-14
Accepted: 1999-8-31
Published Online: 2015-3-25
Published in Print: 2000-1-1

© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Eclogite-facies relics and inferred ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in the North Dabie Complex, central-eastern China
  2. Application of INVEQ to the geothermobarometry of metamorphic rocks near a kyanite-sillimanite isograd, Mica Creek, British Columbia
  3. Microstructural characterization of metamorphic magnetite crystals with implications for oxygen isotope distribution
  4. Coexisting monazite and allanite in peraluminous granitoids of the TribečMountains, Western Carpathians
  5. Effect of alkalis, phosphorus, and water on the surface tension of haplogranite melt
  6. Direct observation of immiscibility in pyrope-almandine-grossular garnet
  7. On the cluster analysis of grains and crystals in rocks
  8. Experimental approach to constrain second critical end points in fluid/silicate systems: Near-solidus fluids and melts in the system albite-H2O
  9. Estimation and testing of standard molar thermodynamic properties of tourmaline end-members using data of natural samples
  10. An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF
  11. New data on the crystal-chemistry of fluoborite by means of SREF, SIMS, and EMP analysis
  12. Effect of aluminum on Ti-coordination in silicate glasses: A XANES study
  13. XAFS study of Cu model compounds and Cu2+ sorption products on amorphous SiO2, γ-Al2O3, and anatase
  14. Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites
  15. Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: II. Crystal chemistry of reduced Garfield nontronite
  16. 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds
  17. 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy of b-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4): The enthalpy of Si,Al ordering
  18. The nuclear and magnetic structure of “white rust”—Fe(OH0.86D0.14)2
  19. In-situ study of the R3̅ to R3̅c phase transition in the ilmenite-hematite solid solution using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction
  20. In situ X-ray diffraction investigation of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures and temperatures
  21. A shell model for the simulation of rhombohedral carbonate minerals and their point defects
  22. Optical properties of natural and cation-exchanged heulandite group zeolites
  23. The crystal structure of gearksutite, CaAlF4(OH)· H2O
  24. A new anhydrous amphibole from the Eifel region, Germany: Description and crystal structure of obertiite, NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2
  25. Kinoshitalite, Ba(Mg)3(Al2Si2)O10(OH,F)2, a brittle mica from a manganese deposit in Oman: Paragenesis and crystal chemistry
  26. The crystal structure of parisite-(Ce), Ce2CaF2(CO3)3
  27. High-pressure synthesis of Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2—a new hydrous silicate phase isostructural with aenigmatite
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2000-0105

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Eclogite-facies relics and inferred ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in the North Dabie Complex, central-eastern China
  2. Application of INVEQ to the geothermobarometry of metamorphic rocks near a kyanite-sillimanite isograd, Mica Creek, British Columbia
  3. Microstructural characterization of metamorphic magnetite crystals with implications for oxygen isotope distribution
  4. Coexisting monazite and allanite in peraluminous granitoids of the TribečMountains, Western Carpathians
  5. Effect of alkalis, phosphorus, and water on the surface tension of haplogranite melt
  6. Direct observation of immiscibility in pyrope-almandine-grossular garnet
  7. On the cluster analysis of grains and crystals in rocks
  8. Experimental approach to constrain second critical end points in fluid/silicate systems: Near-solidus fluids and melts in the system albite-H2O
  9. Estimation and testing of standard molar thermodynamic properties of tourmaline end-members using data of natural samples
  10. An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF
  11. New data on the crystal-chemistry of fluoborite by means of SREF, SIMS, and EMP analysis
  12. Effect of aluminum on Ti-coordination in silicate glasses: A XANES study
  13. XAFS study of Cu model compounds and Cu2+ sorption products on amorphous SiO2, γ-Al2O3, and anatase
  14. Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites
  15. Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: II. Crystal chemistry of reduced Garfield nontronite
  16. 15N NMR study of nitrate ion structure and dynamics in hydrotalcite-like compounds
  17. 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy of b-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4): The enthalpy of Si,Al ordering
  18. The nuclear and magnetic structure of “white rust”—Fe(OH0.86D0.14)2
  19. In-situ study of the R3̅ to R3̅c phase transition in the ilmenite-hematite solid solution using time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction
  20. In situ X-ray diffraction investigation of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures and temperatures
  21. A shell model for the simulation of rhombohedral carbonate minerals and their point defects
  22. Optical properties of natural and cation-exchanged heulandite group zeolites
  23. The crystal structure of gearksutite, CaAlF4(OH)· H2O
  24. A new anhydrous amphibole from the Eifel region, Germany: Description and crystal structure of obertiite, NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2
  25. Kinoshitalite, Ba(Mg)3(Al2Si2)O10(OH,F)2, a brittle mica from a manganese deposit in Oman: Paragenesis and crystal chemistry
  26. The crystal structure of parisite-(Ce), Ce2CaF2(CO3)3
  27. High-pressure synthesis of Na2Mg6Si6O18(OH)2—a new hydrous silicate phase isostructural with aenigmatite
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