Chapter Four. Searching for Reform: The Birth of America's Third Penal System, 1877-1899

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Illustrations ix
4. Acknowledgments xi
5. Introduction 1
6. Chapter One. Making Christian Gentlemen: The Promise of Elmira, 1876-1899 7
7. Chapter Two. Benevolent Repression: The Reality of the Elmira System, 1876-1899 33
8. Chapter Three. Revisiting Elmira: The Defects of Human Engineering in Total Institutions 60
9. Chapter Four. Searching for Reform: The Birth of America's Third Penal System, 1877-1899 81
10. Chapter Five. The "New" Elmira: Psycho-eugenics and the Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal 104
11. Chapter Six. Triumphant Defeat: The Decline of Prison Science, 1900-1920 127
12. Conclusion 150
13. Appendix. Declaration of Principles Adopted and Promulgated by the Congress 157
14. Bibliography 163
15. Index 187