The evaluation of the kinetics of ordering processes in Ni_1+δSn (δ = 0.35, 0.50) by X-ray powder diffraction

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Preface: Condensation of Scientific Knowledge on Powder Diffraction VII
3. Editorial Notes XIII
4. European Powder Diffraction Conference Award XV
5. Table of Contents XVII
6. I. METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION
7. I.1 Determination of Crystal Structure
8. Protein polycrystallography 3
9. Using the parallel tempering algorithm to overcome complex problems in structure determination of inorganic materials with laboratory X-rays 9
10. Molecular crystal structures from powder X-ray diffraction techniques 15
11. On the uncertainty of lattice parameters refined from neutron diffraction data 21
12. I.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Phase Analysis
13. Application of the Rietveld method to the severely superimposed diffraction patterns of technical products containing a large number of solid solution phases 29
14. Application of X-ray diffraction in forensic science 35
15. I.3 Analysis of Microstructure and Macrostress
16. I.3.1 Residual Stresses
17. Diffraction stress analysis of grain interaction in polycrystalline materials 43
18. Accurate absolute peak positions for multiple {hkl} residual stress analysis by means of misalignment corrections 49
19. Diffraction stress analysis of strongly fibre-textured gold layers 55
20. Residual stress measurement of gold artefacts by Debye ring analysis 61
21. X-ray residual stress measurement in titanium nitride thin films 67
22. I.3.2 Line Broadening Analysis
23. Dislocation line broadening 75
24. Considerations concerning Wilkens’ theory of dislocation line-broadening 81
25. Momentum method applied to evaluation of size and strain in ball-milled iron 87
26. Microstructure of severely deformed metals from X-ray line profile analysis 93
27. Burgers Vector Populations in hot rolled titanium determined by X-ray Peak Profile Analysis 99
28. Spatial fluctuations of the microstructure during deformation of Cu single crystals 105
29. Analysis of polydisperse ball-milled fluorite powders using a full pattern technique 111
30. Anisotropic microstrain broadening due to compositional inhomogeneities and its parametrisation 117
31. X-ray diffraction from epitaxial thin films: an analytical expression of the line profiles accounting for microstructure 123
32. Microstructure of post-deformed ECAPTi investigated by Multiple X-Ray Line Profile Analysis 129
33. The Dislocation-Structure and Crystallite- Size in Forsterite (Olivine) Deformed at 1400 °C by 11 GPa 135
34. Diffuse X-ray scattering from GaN/SiC (0001) thin films 141
35. Test of applicability of some powder diffraction tools to nanocrystals 147
36. Influence of coherent connection of crystalline blocks on the diffraction pattern of nanostructured materials 155
37. I.4 Texture
38. Automated Crystal Orientation Measurement by backscatter Kikuchi diffraction 163
39. A simple technique for correcting diffraction intensities for the effects of preferred orientation in calcite samples 169
40. Influence of extinction phenomenon on determination of the orientation distribution function 175
41. II. INSTRUMENTAL
42. First test measurements at the new structure powder diffractometer (SPODI) at the FRM-II 183
43. EXED – the new Extreme Environment Diffractometer at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin 189
44. R2D2: a new neutron powder diffractometer at NFL 195
45. Bent perfect crystal monochromator at the monochromatic focusing condition 199
46. Multiple-reflection neutron bent-perfect-crystal (BPC) monochromator 205
47. Wavelength calibration in conventional SANS setup with a mechanical velocity selector 211
48. Neutron RTOF diffractometer FSD for residual stress investigation 217
49. III. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
50. Indexing with the successive dichotomy method, DICVOL04 225
51. Powder3D: An easy to use program for data reduction and graphical presentation of large numbers of powder diffraction patterns 231
52. BRASS, the Bremen Rietveld analysis and structure suite 237
53. FAULTS, a new program for refinement of powder diffraction patterns from layered structures 243
54. PM2K: a flexible program implementing Whole Powder Pattern Modelling 249
55. Calculating the peak shape of axially focussing powder diffractometers 255
56. IV. MATERIALS
57. IV.1 Thin Layers
58. X-ray scattering from interface dislocations in highly mismatched oxide epitaxial films 263
59. Influence of magnetron sputtering conditions on the parameters of TiN coatings on steel substrates 269
60. Structural and microstructural characterisation of ZrN coatings for decorative applications 275
61. Chalcogenide films on glass substrate as attenuators of X-ray radiation 281
62. Effect of annealing conditions on structural transformation of ZnS thin film 287
63. Electrocrystallization of Pt layers onto Au substrates; an X-ray diffraction study 293
64. Residual stress mapping in the zirconia electrolyte layer of a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell 299
65. Ultrashort period Cu/Si and Ni/C multilayers for X-ray mirrors 305
66. IV.2 Nanocrystalline Materials
67. Microstructure of nanocrystalline materials studied by powder diffraction 313
68. Preparation and characterization of isometric gold nanoparticles with pre-calculated size 319
69. Bulk characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes 325
70. Neutron diffraction studies of the atomic vibrations of bulk and surface atoms of nanocrystalline SiC 331
71. Phase transition in nanocrystalline ZnO 337
72. IV.3 Metals and Alloys
73. Study of martensitic transformation in fatigued stainless steel by neutron diffraction stress analysis 345
74. The evaluation of the kinetics of ordering processes in Ni_1+δSn (δ = 0.35, 0.50) by X-ray powder diffraction 351
75. In situ neutron diffraction study of the low cycle fatigue of the α−γ duplex stainless steel 357
76. SANS investigation of precipitate microstructure in nickel-base superalloys Waspaloy and DT750 363
77. Diffraction analysis of iron materials after surface machining 369
78. Non-destructive phase analysis and residual stresses measurement using grazing angle X-ray diffraction geometry 375
79. Thermal stability of the microstructure of severely deformed copper 381
80. Archaeometric study of Dutch Tin-Lead spoon fragments from Amsterdam: 1500–1775 AD. A neutron diffraction study 387
81. Characterisation of radiation-induced precipitates in reactor pressure vessel steels 393
82. Structure analysis of NiZr₂ in reciprocal and real space 399
83. In situ high temperature XRD studies of the crystallisation of melt-spun Mg₇₇Ni₁₈Y₅ 405
84. Complex intermetallic compounds in the Mg-Ir system solved by powder diffraction 411
85. IV.4 Minerals and Inorganics
86. IV.4.1 Structural Changes, Non-Ambient Conditions
87. Low temperature SR-XRPD study of åkermanite-gehlenite solid solution 419
88. Study of the structural evolution and selectivity of Wyoming montmorillonite in relation with the concentration of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ 425
89. The interlayer structure and thermal behavior of Cu and Ni montmorillonites 431
90. Structural characterisation of hightemperature K-exchanged sodalite 437
91. A time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction method to trace the decomposition of PdB_y solid solutions 443
92. γʹ-Fe₄N formation in decomposing ε-Fe₃N: A powder diffraction study using synchrotron radiation 449
93. X – ray powder diffraction study of leucite crystallisation 455
94. Neutron diffraction structure study of borosilicate based matrix glasses 461
95. Neutron diffraction studies of temperature induced phase transitions in Rb₂KFeF₆ elpasolite 467
96. IV.4.2 Determination of Crystal Structure
97. Cation distribution in Li₂M(II)Sn₃O₈, M(II) = Mg, Co, Fe 475
98. Crystal structure of the monoclinic Ba₂MgSi₂O₇ persistent luminescence material 481
99. Cation distributions in fully hydrated Sr-and Rb- bicationic zeolites: an X-ray anomalous powder diffraction study 487
100. Model of structure disorder of illite: preliminary results 493
101. XRD study of the stacking mode of the nacrite/alkali halides complexes 499
102. Crystal structure determination and Rietveld refinement of rosasite and mcguinnessite 505
103. Rietveld analysis of polytypic Zn_1−xMg_xSe and Zn_1−x−yMg_xBeySe solid solutions 511
104. A proposition for the structure of ammonium hydrogen (acid) urate from uroliths 517
105. X-ray powder diffraction data of synthetic ß- Tricalcium Phosphate 523
106. Distribution of sodium cations and chemisorbed methyl groups in the structure of NaX and NaLSX zeolite catalysts by powder neutron diffraction and ¹³C NMR 529
107. IV.4.3 Determination of Magnetic Structure, Magnetic Materials
108. Structural and magnetic study of magnetoelectric perovskite Sr₂CoMoO₆ 537
109. Crystal structure and magnetism of Pr[Fe(CN)₆]·4D₂O 543
110. IV.4.4 Microstructure, Phase Analysis
111. Microstructure of crystalline phases in electrotechnical porcelains 551
112. Micro(nano)structure of the glacial state in triphenyl phosphite (TPP) 557
113. Correlation between texture and tabletting properties of some pharmaceutical tablets 563
114. Incrustation of precious stones in dental apatite 569
115. Microstructural analysis of ZnO from different aqueous synthesis routes 575
116. The effect of Al and Gd doping on the structure, microstructure and thermal expansion of gallium nitride (GaN) 581
117. Quantitative phase analysis of ordinary Portland cements using synchrotron radiation powder diffraction 587
118. IV.5 Organic Materials
119. Ab initio structure determination of two anhydrous forms of α-lactose by powder X-ray diffraction 595
120. Structure determination of 1-pentanol (C₅H₁₂O) at 183 K 601
121. Crystallographic texture changes of wood due to air parameter variations 607
122. Poly(ethylene glycol) interactions with proteins 613
123. Author Index xxvii