A Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study on the Mechanisms of Amorphous Silicon Electrode Lithiation in Li-Ion Batteries
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Erwin Hüger
Abstract
Electrodes made of amorphous silicon are a promising alternative to graphite as anode material for the next generation of high-capacity Li-ion batteries. In order to optimize such batteries the mechanism of lithium incorporation into the electrode during charging has to be elucidated. In the present study we measured the modification of lithium distribution taking place during galvanostatic lithiation of about 600 nm thick amorphous silicon film electrodes at low current densities of about 30 μA/cm2 (∼ C/14) by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. The results were confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results indicate a two-step lithiation procedure where the electrode is transformed first into a homogeneously lithiated LixSi phase with a low Li content of x ≈ 0.3. During later stages of the lithiation process, the results are in agreement with the penetration of a highly lithiated phase via a moving phase boundary, as also observed for crystalline silicon.
Acknowledgement
Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the focus program SPP 1473 (Bo 532/65-1 and Schm 1569/23-1) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially carried out with the support of the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), a Helmholtz Research Infrastructure at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, www.kit.edu).
©2015 Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Lithium Ions in Solids – Between Basics and Better Batteries
- 3D Li Diffusion in c-LixTiS2 (x = 0.69 and 0.75): A Theoretical Study
- The High-Temperature Transformation from 1T- to 3R-LixTiS2 (x = 0.7, 0.9) as Observed in situ with Neutron Powder Diffraction
- Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation in TiX2 Single Crystals (X = S, Se, Te) under Hydrostatic Pressure
- A Novel Cell for Studying Ionic Transport in Powders During Compaction and Its Application to Lithium Silicate Glass Powder
- NMR and Impedance Spectroscopy Studies on Lithium Ion Diffusion in Microcrystalline γ-LiAlO2
- Lithium Diffusion in Ion-Beam Sputtered Amorphous LiAlO2
- Lattice Vibrations to Identify the Li/Na Ratio in LixNa2−xTi6O13 (x = 0…2)
- Li Ion Dynamics in Nanocrystalline and Structurally Disordered Li2TiO3
- A Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study on the Mechanisms of Amorphous Silicon Electrode Lithiation in Li-Ion Batteries
- Surface and Interface Analysis of LiCoO2 and LiPON Thin Films by Photoemission: Implications for Li-Ion Batteries
- Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured Copper Particles on Graphite for Application in Lithium Ion Batteries
- Application of WSe2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Condensation Method for Li-Ion Battery Anodes
- Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conducting Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Rate Capability – Impact of Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry and Aliovalent Mg2+-Doping Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
- Assessment of Surface Heterogeneity: a Route to Correlate and Quantify the 1st Cycle Irreversible Capacity Caused by SEI Formation to the Various Surfaces of Graphite Anodes for Lithium Ion Cells
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Lithium Ions in Solids – Between Basics and Better Batteries
- 3D Li Diffusion in c-LixTiS2 (x = 0.69 and 0.75): A Theoretical Study
- The High-Temperature Transformation from 1T- to 3R-LixTiS2 (x = 0.7, 0.9) as Observed in situ with Neutron Powder Diffraction
- Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation in TiX2 Single Crystals (X = S, Se, Te) under Hydrostatic Pressure
- A Novel Cell for Studying Ionic Transport in Powders During Compaction and Its Application to Lithium Silicate Glass Powder
- NMR and Impedance Spectroscopy Studies on Lithium Ion Diffusion in Microcrystalline γ-LiAlO2
- Lithium Diffusion in Ion-Beam Sputtered Amorphous LiAlO2
- Lattice Vibrations to Identify the Li/Na Ratio in LixNa2−xTi6O13 (x = 0…2)
- Li Ion Dynamics in Nanocrystalline and Structurally Disordered Li2TiO3
- A Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study on the Mechanisms of Amorphous Silicon Electrode Lithiation in Li-Ion Batteries
- Surface and Interface Analysis of LiCoO2 and LiPON Thin Films by Photoemission: Implications for Li-Ion Batteries
- Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured Copper Particles on Graphite for Application in Lithium Ion Batteries
- Application of WSe2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Condensation Method for Li-Ion Battery Anodes
- Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conducting Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Rate Capability – Impact of Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry and Aliovalent Mg2+-Doping Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
- Assessment of Surface Heterogeneity: a Route to Correlate and Quantify the 1st Cycle Irreversible Capacity Caused by SEI Formation to the Various Surfaces of Graphite Anodes for Lithium Ion Cells
