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Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Formates Promoted by BCl3. Mechanistic Evidence from 11B NMR Spectra and DFT Calculations
-
Alessandro Bagno
,
Willi Kantlehner
Published/Copyright:
June 2, 2014
Abstract
The Fries rearrangement of model aryl formate esters, promoted by boron trichloride, has been investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy (both experimental and computational) and by DFT calculations. Firstly, the 11B NMR chemical shifts of a series of model boron compounds have been predicted by GIAO-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) calculations, in order to make predictions of the chemical shifts of transient reaction intermediates observable by 11B NMR. Such 11B spectra for the reaction of two esters (phenyl and 3-methyoxyphenyl formates) have been obtained, and are found to follow different patterns which can be rationalized on the basis of computed chemical shifts. Secondly, DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level) have been employed to investigate several mechanistic pathways of the rearrangement of phenyl formate. It is found that the pathways leading to the lowest activation energies are those in which formyl chloride is generated from a complex between phenyl formate and BCl3, which then acts as the formylating agent.
Keywords : Fries Rearrangement; Reaction Mechanisms; Electrophilic Reactions; DFT Calculations; 11B NMR
Received: 2004-1-7
Published Online: 2014-6-2
Published in Print: 2004-4-1
© 1946 – 2014: Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
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Keywords for this article
Fries Rearrangement;
Reaction Mechanisms;
Electrophilic Reactions;
DFT Calculations;
11B NMR
Articles in the same Issue
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