Abstract
From a social studies of marketization perspective this paper deals with the commodification of wild horses. It tackles with three questions: How are (wild) animals commodified in markets? How are lively commodities being valued and priced? How does the liveliness of the commodity influence the processes of marketization and vice versa how is the animal affected by being handled as a commodity? I draw on Haraway’s concept of encounter value and develop the idea of companionability as core concepts guiding the analysis.
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht aus Perspektive der social studies of marketization die Hervorbringung eines Marktes für lebendige Waren, Wildpferde, und wird von drei Fragen geleitet: Wie werden (wilde) Lebewesen kommodifiziert? Wie beeinflusst die Lebendigkeit der Ware die Prozesse ihrer Vermarktlichung und andersherum der Warencharakter das Leben? Wie erhalten lebendige Waren Wert? Encounter value (Haraway 2008) und companionability erweisen sich als zentrale Konzepte, die für die Analyse von Märkten fruchtbar gemacht werden können.
Literatur
Andermann, K. (2016): Transindividuelle Affizierung. Spinozas relative Ontologie bewegter Körper. In: Eberlein, U. (Hrsg.): Zwischenleiblichkeit und bewegtes Verstehen. Bielefeld, 109–135.10.1515/9783839435793-005Search in Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. (1988): The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge.Search in Google Scholar
Aspers, P./Beckert, J. (2011): Value in Markets. In: Beckert, J./Aspers, P. (Eds.): The Worth of Goods. Valuation and Pricing in the Economy. Oxford, 3–40.10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199594641.003.0001Search in Google Scholar
Barua, M. (2016): Lively commodities and encounter value. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, (34)4, 725–744.10.1177/0263775815626420Search in Google Scholar
Barua, M. (2017): Nonhuman labour, encounter value, spectacular accumulation. The geographies of a lively commodity. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, (42)2, 274–288.10.1111/tran.12170Search in Google Scholar
Bear, C. (2011): Being Angelica? Exploring individual animal geographies. In: Area, (43)3, 297–304.10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01019.xSearch in Google Scholar
Berndt, C./Boeckler, M. (2011): Performative regional (dis-)integration: Transnational markets, mobile commodities and bordered north-south differences. In: Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, (43)5, 1057–1078.10.1068/a4381Search in Google Scholar
Berndt, C./Boeckler, M. (2012): Geographies of Marketization. In: Barnes, T. J./Peck, J./Sheppard, E. S. (Eds.): The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Economic Geography. Chichester, West Sussex, 199–212.10.1002/9781118384497.ch12Search in Google Scholar
Berndt, C./Boeckler, M. (2017): Märkte in Entwicklung. Zur Ökonomisierung des Globalen Südens. In: Diaz-Bone, R./Hartz, R. (Hrsg.): Dispositiv und Ökonomie. Diskurs- und dispositivanalytische Perspektiven auf Märkte und Organisationen. Wiesbaden, 349–370.10.1007/978-3-658-15842-2_14Search in Google Scholar
BLM (2018a): Program Data. Internetquelle: https://www.blm.gov/programs/wild-horse-and-burro/about-the-program/program-data (12.9.18).Search in Google Scholar
BLM (2018b): Report to Congress. Management Options for a Sustainable Wild Horse and Burro Program. Washington D.C.Search in Google Scholar
Braun, B. (2008): Environmental issues. Inventive life. In: Progress in Human Geography, (32)5, 667–679.10.1177/0309132507088030Search in Google Scholar
Bridge, G./Smith, A. (2003): Intimate Encounters. Culture — Economy — Commodity. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, (21)3, 257–268.10.1068/d2103edSearch in Google Scholar
Bruckner, H. K./Colombino, A./Ermann, U. (2018): Naturecultures and the affective (dis)entanglements of happy meat. In: Agriculture and Human Values, (45)3, 1–13.10.1007/s10460-018-9884-2Search in Google Scholar
Çalışkan, K./Callon, M. (2009): Economization, part 1. Shifting attention from the economy towards processes of economization. In: Economy and Society, (38)3, 369–398.10.1080/03085140903020580Search in Google Scholar
Çalışkan, K./Callon, M. (2010): Economization, part 2. A research programme for the study of markets. In: Economy and Society, (39)1, 1–32.10.1080/03085140903424519Search in Google Scholar
Callon, M. (1998): Introduction: The embeddedness of economic markets in economics. In: Callon, M. (Hrsg.): The Laws of the Markets. Oxford, 1–57.10.1111/j.1467-954X.1998.tb03468.xSearch in Google Scholar
Callon, M./Méadel, C./Rabeharisoa, V. (2002): The economy of qualities. In: Economy and Society, (31)2, 194–217.10.1002/9780470774274.ch4Search in Google Scholar
Callon, M./Muniesa, F. (2005): Economic markets as calculative collective devices. In: Organization Studies, (26)8, 1229–1250.10.1177/0170840605056393Search in Google Scholar
Castree, N. (2003): Commodifying what nature? In: Progress in Human Geography, (27)3, 273–297.10.1191/0309132503ph428oaSearch in Google Scholar
Collard, R.-C. (2012): Cougar – human entanglements and the biopolitical un/making of safe space. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, (30)1, 23–42.10.1068/d19110Search in Google Scholar
Collard, R.-C. (2014): Putting Animals Back Together, Taking Commodities Apart. In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, (104)1, 151–165.10.1080/00045608.2013.847750Search in Google Scholar
Collard, R.-C./Dempsey, J. (2013): Life for sale? The politics of lively commodities. In: Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, (45)11, 2682–2699.10.1068/a45692Search in Google Scholar
Cook, I./Woodyer, T. (2012): Lives of Things. In: Barnes, T. J./Peck, J./Sheppard, E. S. (Eds.): The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Economic Geography. Chichester, West Sussex, 226–241.10.1002/9781118384497.ch14Search in Google Scholar
Fallschessel, H. (2016): Von der Körperlichkeit sozialen Handelns zur leiblichen Intersubjektivität. In: Eberlein, U. (Hrsg.): Zwischenleiblichkeit und bewegtes Verstehen. Bielefeld, 175–213.10.1515/9783839435793-007Search in Google Scholar
Gullo, A./Lassiter, U./Wolch, J. (1998): The Cougar‘s Tale. In: Wolch, J./Emel, J. (Hrsg.): Animal Geographies: Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-Culture Borderlands. London, New York, 139–161.Search in Google Scholar
Haraway, D. (2003): The companion species manifesto. Dogs, people, and significant otherness. Chicago.Search in Google Scholar
Haraway, D. (2008): When species meet. Minneapolis.Search in Google Scholar
Husserl, E. (2009 [1913)): Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Psychologie. (Husserliana, Bd. 3). Hamburg.10.28937/978-3-7873-3905-1Search in Google Scholar
Ingold, T. (2011): The perception of the environment. Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. London u. a.Search in Google Scholar
Kirksey, S. E./Helmreich, S. (2010): The emergence of multispecies ethnography. In: Cultural Anthropology, (25)4, 545–576.10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.xSearch in Google Scholar
Latour, B. (2004): How to talk about the body? The normative dimension of science studies. In: Body & Society, (10)2–3, 205–229.10.1177/1357034X04042943Search in Google Scholar
Lorimer, J. (2007): Nonhuman charisma. In: Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, (25)5, 911–932.10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.003.0003Search in Google Scholar
Lorimer, J. (2010): Elephants as companion species: the lively biogeographies of Asian elephant conservation in Sri Lanka. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, (35)4, 491–506.10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00395.xSearch in Google Scholar
Lorimer, J. (2015): Wildlife in the Anthropocene. Conservation after Nature. Minneapolis.10.5749/minnesota/9780816681075.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Lorimer, J./Hodgetts, T./Barua, M. (2017): Animals’ atmospheres. In: Progress in Human Geography, (5)5, 030913251773125.10.1177/0309132517731254Search in Google Scholar
Maurstadt A./Davis, D./Cowles, S. (2013): Co-being and intra-action in horse-human relationships: A multi-species ethnography of be(com)ing human and be(com)ing horse. In: Social Anthropology 21(3), 322–335.10.1111/1469-8676.12029Search in Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1974): Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung. München.10.1515/9783110871470Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. (2007): The properties of markets? In: MacKenzie, D./Muniesa, F./Siu, L. (Hrsg.): Do Economists Make Markets? On the Performativity of Economics. Princeton, 244–275.10.2307/j.ctv10vm29m.13Search in Google Scholar
MMO (2017): Mustang Taipa gewinnt die Herzen. Internetquelle: https://mustangmakeover.de/mustang-makeover/mustang-makeover-2017/aktuelles/.Search in Google Scholar
Pütz, R. (2017): Wildpferde in den USA. Ressourcenkonflikte, Wildniskonstruktionen und Mensch-Wildtier-Verhältnisse. In: Geographische Rundschau, (69)10, 46–51.Search in Google Scholar
Pütz, R. (2019): Pferderücken. In: Hasse, J./Schreiber, V. (Hrsg.): Räume der Kindheit. Ein Glossar. Bielefeld, 259–265.10.1515/9783839444245-041Search in Google Scholar
Pütz, R./Rainer, G./Steiner, C. (2019): Vom Lagenwein zum off-shore brand: Qualifizierung und Raumproduktion in globalen Produktionsnetzwerken. In: Baur, N. et al. (Hrsg.): Waren – Wissen – Raum. Die Koordination von Konsumenten und Produzenten in Warenketten des Lebensmittelhandels. Wiesbaden.10.1007/978-3-658-30719-6_8Search in Google Scholar
Pütz, R./Schlottmann, A. (2019): Umkämpfte Nachhaltigkeit – vergessene Leiblichkeit. Der Fall der Wildpferde in Namibia. In: Blättel-Mink, B./Hickler, T./Küster, S./Becker, H. (Hrsg.): Nachhaltige Entwicklung – Frankfurter Einsichten. Von der Vielfalt der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung. Erkelenz, 87–117.10.1007/978-3-658-31466-8_5Search in Google Scholar
Schmitz, H. (2009): Kurze Einführung in die Neue Phänomenologie. Freiburg.10.5771/9783495860960Search in Google Scholar
Smith, C. W. (1989): Auctions. The social construction of value. Berkeley.10.1002/9780470755679.ch7Search in Google Scholar
Smith, C. W. (1993): Auctions: From Walras to the Real World. In: Swedberg, R. (Hrsg.): Explorations in economic sociology. 1. Aufl. New York, 176–192.Search in Google Scholar
Spannring, R. (2019): Mutual Becomings? In Search of an Ethical Pedagogic Space in Human-Horse Relationships. In: Lloro-Bidart, T./Banschbach, V. (Hrsg.): Animals in Environmental Education. Houndmills, 79–94.10.1007/978-3-319-98479-7_5Search in Google Scholar
Steiguer, E. de (2011): Wild Horses of the West. History and Politics of America‘s Mustangs. Tucson.Search in Google Scholar
Urbanik, J. (2017): Working Animals. In: Urbanik, J./Johnston, C. L. (Hrsg.): Humans and animals. A geography of coexistence. Santa Barbara, CA, 363–365.Search in Google Scholar
US Congress (1971): Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act.Search in Google Scholar
von Uexküll, J. J. (1921 [2014]): Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere. Berlin, Heidelberg.10.1007/978-3-662-24819-5Search in Google Scholar
Wilkie, R. (2005): Sentient commodities and productive paradoxes. The ambiguous nature of human–livestock relations in Northeast Scotland. In: Journal of Rural Studies, (21)2, 213–230.10.1016/j.jrurstud.2004.10.002Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelseiten
- Research articles
- Die Vermarktlichung von Wildnis. Lebendige Waren, Companionability und Encounter Value beim Mustang Makeover Germany
- Recent Trends of Regional Development in China – Technological Portfolios and Economic Growth
- Shoppen, Surfen, Socializen – Aktuelle Konsumtrends hybrider Konsumenten in der Innenstadt
- Book review
- Stefano Ponte, Gary Gereffi, Gale Raj-Richert (Hrsg.): Handbook on Global Value Chains. Cheltenham: Elgar (2019), 611 S.
- Sören Scholvin, Anthony Black, Javier Revilla Diez, Ivan Turok (Editors): Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. Buchreihe: Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development Basel: Springer Nature (2019). 284 S. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06206-4
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelseiten
- Research articles
- Die Vermarktlichung von Wildnis. Lebendige Waren, Companionability und Encounter Value beim Mustang Makeover Germany
- Recent Trends of Regional Development in China – Technological Portfolios and Economic Growth
- Shoppen, Surfen, Socializen – Aktuelle Konsumtrends hybrider Konsumenten in der Innenstadt
- Book review
- Stefano Ponte, Gary Gereffi, Gale Raj-Richert (Hrsg.): Handbook on Global Value Chains. Cheltenham: Elgar (2019), 611 S.
- Sören Scholvin, Anthony Black, Javier Revilla Diez, Ivan Turok (Editors): Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. Buchreihe: Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development Basel: Springer Nature (2019). 284 S. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06206-4