Effect of lip-thickness on rectangular nozzle co-flowing subsonic jet
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Ezhilmaran Gopalakrishnan
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Surendra Bogadi
Abstract
The reduction in the potential core length and the enhancement of mixing by varying the lip thickness with co-flowing jets through a rectangular nozzle have been investigated using both computational and experimental methods. The lip thickness of a nozzle is defined as the thickness of the primary nozzle wall that separates the primary and secondary co-flowing jets at the nozzle exit. A baseline rectangular nozzle with a hydraulic diameter of 6 mm and three co-flow nozzles with annular co-flows with lip thicknesses (LT) of 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % of the baseline hydraulic diameter were designed and studied for a subsonic jet Mach number of 0.8.The jet centerline pressure decay, radial total pressure decay, and jet mixing behavior were analyzed. The results show that increasing the lip thickness enhances the mixing characteristics of the primary and secondary flows. The reduction in the potential core length was 39.39 % for the 75 % LT configuration compared with that of the plain convergent rectangular nozzle, and 7.27 % and 19.24 % for the 25 % and 50 % LT configurations, respectively.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Ezhilmaran Gopalakrishnan investigated the problem, analyzed the data, Surendra Bogadi wrote the first draft, Thanigaiarasu Subramanian, and Sekar Subramani supervised the study, revised the first draft and edited the final version.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: R Discovery, an AI enhanced research finding platform has been used for compilation of literature articles and references.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
Nomenclature
- DH
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hydraulic diameter (m)
- FMZ
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Fully merged zone
- IMZ
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Intermediate merging zone
- IZ
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Initial merging zone
- k
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Turbulent kinetic energy (
- LT
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Lip-thickness (m)
- M
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Mach number
- Po
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Stagnation chamber pressure (MPa)
- Pt
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Total pressure (MPa)
- X/D
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Axial distance
- Z/D
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Radial distance
- ε
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Turbulent Dissipation Rate (m2/s3)
- ω
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Specific Dissipation Rate (1/s)
References
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© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Simulation and analysis of the over-expanded flow field in asymmetric nozzles with lateral expansion
- Design optimization of a fluidic thrust vectoring system based on coanda effect using meta-models
- Research on vibration damping of integral squeeze film damper based on fan rotor tester of turbofan
- Influence of conical shaft stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor
- A novel design methodology for preventing dislocation in the Zig-zag shroud
- Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
- Multi-parameter study on array-jets impingement with crossflow temperature effect
- Exploration of shock-induced flow dynamics and turbulence-driven combustion optimization in advanced cavity configurations of hydrogen fueled scramjet combustors
- A part-load performance analysis method for gas turbines based on the stage by stages model of the power turbine
- Effect of lip-thickness on rectangular nozzle co-flowing subsonic jet
- Numerical analysis of pollutant formation and exhaust emission in a short annular combustor under part load operation
- Analysis of leakage characteristics and structural optimization of two-stage floating ring seal
- Hypersonic boundary layer flow at an axisymmetric stagnation point on a blunt body
- Numerical simulations of a turbulent lifted hydrogen flame in vitiated coflow with flamelet generated manifold approach
- Optimization of labyrinth seal leakage with independently varied tooth parameters using efficient global optimization
- Investigations of modified cooling hole injection angle configurations for improved trench film cooling performance
- Influence of non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under incoming vortex on the corner separation of a diffusion cascade
- Impact of annular ribs in sudden expansion flow conditions to control base pressure
- Effect of preheated swirling multi-annular jets on mixing and flow characteristics in various expanded confinements
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Simulation and analysis of the over-expanded flow field in asymmetric nozzles with lateral expansion
- Design optimization of a fluidic thrust vectoring system based on coanda effect using meta-models
- Research on vibration damping of integral squeeze film damper based on fan rotor tester of turbofan
- Influence of conical shaft stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor
- A novel design methodology for preventing dislocation in the Zig-zag shroud
- Numerical study of effect of the casing slot on the tip leakage vortex and vortex cavitation of a fuel pump
- Multi-parameter study on array-jets impingement with crossflow temperature effect
- Exploration of shock-induced flow dynamics and turbulence-driven combustion optimization in advanced cavity configurations of hydrogen fueled scramjet combustors
- A part-load performance analysis method for gas turbines based on the stage by stages model of the power turbine
- Effect of lip-thickness on rectangular nozzle co-flowing subsonic jet
- Numerical analysis of pollutant formation and exhaust emission in a short annular combustor under part load operation
- Analysis of leakage characteristics and structural optimization of two-stage floating ring seal
- Hypersonic boundary layer flow at an axisymmetric stagnation point on a blunt body
- Numerical simulations of a turbulent lifted hydrogen flame in vitiated coflow with flamelet generated manifold approach
- Optimization of labyrinth seal leakage with independently varied tooth parameters using efficient global optimization
- Investigations of modified cooling hole injection angle configurations for improved trench film cooling performance
- Influence of non-axisymmetric endwall profiling under incoming vortex on the corner separation of a diffusion cascade
- Impact of annular ribs in sudden expansion flow conditions to control base pressure
- Effect of preheated swirling multi-annular jets on mixing and flow characteristics in various expanded confinements
