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Fictional characterization through repair, membership categorization, and attribute ascription

  • Ryo Okazawa

    Ryo Okazawa received his PhD from The University of Tokyo and is currently an assistant professor at Aichi Shukutoku University, Japan. His research interests include conversation analysis, membership categorization analysis, and media discourse. His articles have been published in Journal of Pragmatics, Discourse, Context & Media, and Human Studies.

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Published/Copyright: March 26, 2024

Abstract

Linguistics and discourse studies have recently started treating fictional interactions as data worth analyzing in their own right, rather than incomplete representations of naturally occurring conversations. Aligning with advances in research on the use of language in fiction, this study addresses the functions of characters’ conversational practices in fictional works from an interactional perspective. By applying conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to a sitcom series, this study explores how characters’ repair operation, membership categorization, and attribute ascription contribute to the construction and revelation of those characters (i.e., fictional characterization). Three patterns are illustrated: (1) a character engages in implicit categorization to account for trouble after operating repair; (2) a character’s changes of turn design in multiple repair operations show the character’s orientation toward an attribute of the other character; and (3) a character gives up repair operation and shows an orientation toward other characters’ attributes through implying negative assessment of them. The findings suggest that conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis are beneficial for research on fictional characterization. This study also discusses the reflexive and mutually constitutive relationship between the interactional participants’ characters and their conversational practices.


Corresponding author: Ryo Okazawa, Faculty of Global Communication, Aichi Shukutoku University, 23 Sakuragaoka, Chikusa, 4648671 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, E-mail:

About the author

Ryo Okazawa

Ryo Okazawa received his PhD from The University of Tokyo and is currently an assistant professor at Aichi Shukutoku University, Japan. His research interests include conversation analysis, membership categorization analysis, and media discourse. His articles have been published in Journal of Pragmatics, Discourse, Context & Media, and Human Studies.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Shintaro Matsunaga, Yuri Nunokawa, Yuki Yoshikawa, and Tianhao Zhang for their helpful and constructive feedback on earlier versions of this paper.

Appendix: Transcript conventions (Jefferson 2004)

= Latching
[ ] Beginning and ending of overlapping
(0.0) Length of silence
(.) Micro pause
wo:rd Prolonged sound
°word° Soft sound
WORD Louder sound
Word Putting emphasis or stress
Wo- Cut-off
>word< Speedy utterance
.hhh Inbreath
(h) Laughter
.,¿? Intonation
(( )) Transcriber’s note

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Received: 2023-02-07
Accepted: 2024-03-13
Published Online: 2024-03-26
Published in Print: 2025-03-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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