Home Metadiscourse: the evolution of an approach to texts
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Metadiscourse: the evolution of an approach to texts

  • Ken Hyland

    Ken Hyland is an Honorary Professor at the University of East Anglia. He has published over 270 articles and 29 books on academic discourse with 73,000 citations on Google Scholar. He was co-editor of Applied Linguistics and Journal of English for Academic Purposes. A collection of his work was published as the Essential Hyland (Bloomsbury, 2018) and a 4th edition of his Teaching and Researching Writing was recently published in 2022 with Routledge.

    EMAIL logo
    and Feng (Kevin) Jiang

    Feng Kevin Jiang is Kuang Yaming Distinguished Professor in applied linguistics in the School of Foreign Language Education at Jilin University, China. He gained his PhD under the supervision of Professor Ken Hyland at the Centre for Applied English Studies at the University of Hong Kong. His publications have appeared in most major applied linguistics journals. He is co-author (with Ken Hyland) of Academic Discourse and Global Publishing: Disciplinary Persuasion in Changing Times (2019, Routledge).

Published/Copyright: August 30, 2022

Abstract

Metadiscourse is the commentary on a text made by its producer in the course of speaking or writing, revealing something of how communication involves the personalities, attitudes and assumptions of those who are communicating. It offers a framework for understanding communication as social engagement and helps reveal how writers and speakers consider their audience in creating texts. This paper uses a bibliometric analysis to trace the growing interest in metadiscourse since its early incarnations in the 1980s. To do so we analysed all 431 papers relating to metadiscourse in the core collection of the Web of Science between 1983 and 2020, dividing the corpus into two periods following the massive increase in interest after 2006. We identify which topics have been most prevalent, which authors and publications most influential and which disciplines and journals most active in citing the metadiscourse literature. The findings show the importance of academic and business writing, cross-disciplinary, language and genre studies, and the increasing predominance of an interpersonal model. These findings may be of interest to those working in discourse analysis and the study of social interaction.


Corresponding author: Ken Hyland, School of Education and Lifelong Learning, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK, E-mail:

About the authors

Ken Hyland

Ken Hyland is an Honorary Professor at the University of East Anglia. He has published over 270 articles and 29 books on academic discourse with 73,000 citations on Google Scholar. He was co-editor of Applied Linguistics and Journal of English for Academic Purposes. A collection of his work was published as the Essential Hyland (Bloomsbury, 2018) and a 4th edition of his Teaching and Researching Writing was recently published in 2022 with Routledge.

Feng (Kevin) Jiang

Feng Kevin Jiang is Kuang Yaming Distinguished Professor in applied linguistics in the School of Foreign Language Education at Jilin University, China. He gained his PhD under the supervision of Professor Ken Hyland at the Centre for Applied English Studies at the University of Hong Kong. His publications have appeared in most major applied linguistics journals. He is co-author (with Ken Hyland) of Academic Discourse and Global Publishing: Disciplinary Persuasion in Changing Times (2019, Routledge).

References

Ädel, Annelie. 2006. Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/scl.24Search in Google Scholar

Ädel, Annelie & Anna Mauranen. 2010. Metadiscourse: Diverse and divided perspectives. Nordic Journal of English Studies 9(2). 1–11, https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.215.Search in Google Scholar

Ahmad, Nisar, Amjad Naveed, Shabbir Ahmad & Irfan Butt. 2020. Banking sector performance, profitability and efficiency: A citation-based systematic literature review. Journal of Economic Surveys 34(1). 185–218, https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12346.Search in Google Scholar

Anthony, Laurence. 2019. AntConc (Version 3.5.8). Tokyo: Waseda University. Available at: http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/.Search in Google Scholar

Austin, John L. 1975. How to do things with words, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198245537.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Beauvais, Paul J. 1989. A speech-act theory of metadiscourse. Written Communication 6(1). 11–30, https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088389006001002.Search in Google Scholar

Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad & Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Longman.Search in Google Scholar

Cooper, Diane I. 2015. Bibliometrics basics. Journal of the Medical Library Association 103(4). 217–218, https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.103.4.013.Search in Google Scholar

Crismore, Avon. 1983. Metadiscourse: What is it and how is it used in school and non-school social science texts. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois.Search in Google Scholar

Crismore, Avon. 1989. Talking with readers: Metadiscourse as rhetorical act. New York: Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar

D’Angelo, Larissa & Stefania Consonni. 2020. A tale of three waves: Or, concerning the history and theory of metadiscourse. Iberica 40. 13–34. https://doi.org/10.17398/2340-2784.40.13.Search in Google Scholar

De Groot, Elizabeth, Catherine Nickerson, Hubert Korzilius & Marinel Gerritsen. 2015. Picture this: Developing a model for the analysis of visual metadiscourse. Journal of Business and Technical Communication 30(2). 165–201, https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651915620235.Search in Google Scholar

Ellegaard, Ole & Johan A. Wallin. 2015. The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact? Scientometrics 105(3). 1809–1831, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1645-z.Search in Google Scholar

Fahimnia, Behnam, Joseph Sarkisb & Hoda Davarzani. 2015. Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics 162. 101–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003.Search in Google Scholar

Fan, Jingchun, Ya Gao, Na Zhao, Runjing Dai, Hailiang Zhang, Xiaoyan Feng, Guoxiu Shi, Jinhui Tian, Che Chen, Brett D. Hambly & Shisan Bao. 2020. Bibliometric analysis on COVID-19: A comparison of research between English and Chinese studies. Public Health 8. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477.Search in Google Scholar

Gillaerts, Paul & Freek van de Velde. 2010. Interactional metadiscourse in research article abstracts. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 9(2). 128–139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2010.02.004.Search in Google Scholar

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1985. Spoken and written language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1994. An introduction to functional grammar. London: Edward Arnold.Search in Google Scholar

Harris, Zellig S. 1959. Computable syntactic analysis: Transformations and discourse analysis papers. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.Search in Google Scholar

Hu, Guangwei & Feng Cao. 2011. Hedging and boosting in abstracts of applied linguistics articles: A comparative study of English- and Chinese-medium journals. Journal of Pragmatics 43. 2795–2809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.04.007.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 1998. Persuasion and context: The pragmatics of academic metadiscourse. Journal of Pragmatics 30(4). 437–455.10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00009-5Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2004. Disciplinary discourses: Social interactions in academic writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2005. Metadiscourse. London: Continuum.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2007. Applying a gloss: Exemplifying and reformulating in academic discourse. Applied Linguistics 28(2). 266–285, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amm011.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken. 2017. Metadiscourse: What is it and where is it going? Journal of Pragmatics 113. 16–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.03.007.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken & Feng K. Jiang 2018. “In this paper we suggest:” Changing patterns of disciplinary metadiscourse. English for Specific Purposes 51. 18–30.10.1016/j.esp.2018.02.001Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken & Feng K. Jiang. 2021a. A bibliometric study of EAP research: Who is doing what, where and when? Journal of English for Academic Purposes 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100929.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken & Feng K. Jiang. 2021b. Delivering relevance: The emergence of ESP as a discipline. English for Specific Purposes 64. 13–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.06.002.Search in Google Scholar

Hyland, Ken & Polly Tse. 2004. Metadiscourse in scholastic writing: A reappraisal. Applied Linguistics 25(2). 156–177, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/25.2.156.Search in Google Scholar

Ifantidou, Elly. 2005. The semantics and pragmatics of metadiscourse. Journal of Pragmatics 37(9). 1325–1353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.11.006.Search in Google Scholar

Jakobson, Roma. 1980. The framework of language. Michigan: Michigan Studies in the Humanities.Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, Feng K. & Ken Hyland. 2016. Nouns and academic interactions: A neglected feature of metadiscourse. Applied Linguistics 39(4). 508–531, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amw023.Search in Google Scholar

Lei, Lei & Dilin Liu. 2019. Research trends in applied linguistics from 2005 to 2016: A bibliometric analysis and its implications. Applied Linguistics 40(3). 540–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy003.Search in Google Scholar

Mauranen, Anna. 1993. Cultural differences in academic rhetoric: A textlinguistic study. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar

McGrath, Lisa & Maria Kuteeva. 2012. Stance and engagement in pure mathematics research articles: Linking discourse features to disciplinary practices. English for Specific Purposes 31(3). 161–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2011.11.002.Search in Google Scholar

Mur Dueñas, Pilar. 2011. An intercultural analysis of metadiscourse features in research articles written in English and in Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 43(12). 3068–3079.10.1016/j.pragma.2011.05.002Search in Google Scholar

Oxford English Dictionary. 2021. https://www.lexico.com/definition/bibliometrics (accessed 10 September 2021).Search in Google Scholar

Pérez-Llantada, Carmen. 2010. The discourse functions of metadiscourse in published academic writing: Issues of culture and language. Nordic Journal of English Studies 9(2). 41–68, https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.217.Search in Google Scholar

Schmid, Helmut. 1995. TreeTagger. Available at: http://www.cis.unimuenchen.de/∼schmid/tools/TreeTagger/.Search in Google Scholar

Swales, John M. 1990. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Swales, John. 2019. The futures of EAP genre studies: A personal viewpoint. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 38. 75–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.01.003.Search in Google Scholar

Thompson, Geoff. 2001. Interaction in academic writing: Learning to argue with the reader. Applied Linguistics 22(1). 58–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/22.1.58.Search in Google Scholar

Vande Kopple, William J. 1985. Some exploratory discourse on metadiscourse. College Composition & Communication 26. 82–93, https://doi.org/10.2307/357609.Search in Google Scholar

Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Beavin & Don Jackson. 1968. Pragmatics of human communication. New York: Norton.Search in Google Scholar

Williams, Joseph M. 1981. Style: Ten lessons in clarity and grace. Boston: Scott Foresman.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Man. 2016. A multidimensional analysis of metadiscourse markers across written registers. Discourse Studies 18(2). 204–222, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445615623907.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Xian. 2020. A bibliometric analysis of second language acquisition between 1997 and 2018. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 42(1). 199–222, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263119000573.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-10-23
Accepted: 2022-08-08
Published Online: 2022-08-30
Published in Print: 2024-05-27

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 28.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/text-2021-0156/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button