Home Entextualizing high energy texts: an exploration of modal shift on a Chinese online video-sharing website Bilibili
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Entextualizing high energy texts: an exploration of modal shift on a Chinese online video-sharing website Bilibili

  • Man Teng

    Man Teng received her Bachelor’s degree in English in Guangzhou University, China and her Master’s degree in Discourse Studies in Lancaster University. She is currently a doctoral student in English Studies in University of Macau. Her research interests are discourse analysis and computer-mediated communication.

    EMAIL logo
    and Brian Hok-Shing Chan

    Brian Hok-Shing Chan has been teaching courses in Sociolinguistics and Bilingualism in the University of Macau. His research has focused on bilingual code-switching, including the syntax and pragmatics of code-switching, with data drawn mainly from Cantonese-English in Hong Kong. Besides, he has done some work on Hong Kong English and sentence-final particles in Cantonese. His publications can be found in Journal of Language and Social Psychology (2004), Lingua (2008), The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching (2009), World Englishes (2009), English in Asian Popular Culture (2012), Theoretical Approaches to Disharmonic Word Order (2013), and International Journal of Bilingualism (2015). He is a co-author (with Setter and Wong) of Hong Kong English (2010, Edinburgh University Press).

Published/Copyright: January 24, 2022

Abstract

Recently, there has been a surging interest in meaning-making processes in Chinese social media. However, most studies focus on the current contexts, ignoring the process of entextualization, that is, how semiotic resources have been decontextualized from the original/prior contexts and recontextualized in the current Chinese social media context. This paper intends to fill this gap by studying an example of entextualization coupled with modal shift. Specifically, an oral warning – initially a line frequently uttered in a Japanese animation serial – has been reshaped and reused to type comments in various video scenes and for various meanings on a Chinese video-sharing website Bilibili ( https://www.bilibili.com/ ). Drawing on selective notions in computer-mediated communication and social semiotic multimodality, this paper analyses a set of these comments, which we call high energy texts, focusing on their multimodal quality and the meaning-making processes involved. We suggest that new possibilities are generated during the modal shift (i.e. from speech to writing); in particular, warning acts carried out through high energy texts have been transformed into a collective social action that is recognized and understood by Bilibili users, the participation of which enables the users to build alignment and enact different identities. Our paper showcases how a social semiotic multimodal perspective can enrich our understanding of the semiosis in Chinese social media.


Corresponding author: Man Teng, Room A2-636, Department of Foreign Languages, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Foreign Languages, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, E-mail:

About the authors

Man Teng

Man Teng received her Bachelor’s degree in English in Guangzhou University, China and her Master’s degree in Discourse Studies in Lancaster University. She is currently a doctoral student in English Studies in University of Macau. Her research interests are discourse analysis and computer-mediated communication.

Brian Hok-Shing Chan

Brian Hok-Shing Chan has been teaching courses in Sociolinguistics and Bilingualism in the University of Macau. His research has focused on bilingual code-switching, including the syntax and pragmatics of code-switching, with data drawn mainly from Cantonese-English in Hong Kong. Besides, he has done some work on Hong Kong English and sentence-final particles in Cantonese. His publications can be found in Journal of Language and Social Psychology (2004), Lingua (2008), The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching (2009), World Englishes (2009), English in Asian Popular Culture (2012), Theoretical Approaches to Disharmonic Word Order (2013), and International Journal of Bilingualism (2015). He is a co-author (with Setter and Wong) of Hong Kong English (2010, Edinburgh University Press).

References

Androutsopoulos, Jannis. 2008. Potentials and limitations of discourse-centred online ethnography. Language@Internet 5(8).Search in Google Scholar

Androutsopoulos, Jannis. 2013. Online data collection. In Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs & Gerard Van Herk (eds.), Data collection in sociolinguistics: Methods and applications, 236–250. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9781315535258-47Search in Google Scholar

Bauman, Richard & Charles L. Briggs. 1990. Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19. 59–88. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000423.Search in Google Scholar

Blommaert, Jan. 2005. Discourse: A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511610295Search in Google Scholar

Blommaert, Jan. 2010. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511845307Search in Google Scholar

Castells, Manuel. 2000. The rise of the network society: The information age: Economy, society, and culture. Oxford: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Chan, Lik Sam. 2020. Multiple uses and anti-purposefulness on Momo, a Chinese dating/social app. Information, Communication & Society 23(10). 1515–1530. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1586977.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Xu, D. Bondy Valdovinos Kaye & Jing Zeng. 2021. # PositiveEnergy Douyin: Constructing “playful patriotism” in a Chinese short-video application. Chinese Journal of Communication 14(1). 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2020.1761848.Search in Google Scholar

Chouliaraki, Lilie & Norman Fairclough. 1999. Discourse in late modernity: Rethinking critical discourse analysis. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Davis, Boyd H. & Jeutonne Brewer. 1997. Electronic discourse: Linguistic individuals in virtual space. Albany: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

De Fina, Anna. 2016. Storytelling and audience reactions in social media. Language in Society 45(4). 473–498. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0047404516000051.Search in Google Scholar

Ding, Ning, Zhimiao Yang, Sida Li & Ailing Zhang. 2021. Where translation impacts: The non-professional community on Chinese online social media–A descriptive case study on the user-generated translation activity of Bilibili content creators. Global Media and China 6(2). 171–190.10.1177/20594364211000645Search in Google Scholar

Gee, James Paul. 2004. Situated language and learning: A critique of traditional schooling. New York & London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Gibson, James J. 1986. The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Iedema, Rick. 2003. Multimodality, resemiotization: Extending the analysis of discourse as multi-semiotic practice. Visual Communication 2(1). 29–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357203002001751.Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther. 1993. Against arbitrariness: The social production of the sign as a foundational issue in critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society 4(2). 169–191.10.1177/0957926593004002003Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther. 2000. Multimodality. In Bill Cope & Mary Kalantzis (eds.), Multiliteracies: Literacy learning and the design of social futures, 162–202. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203970034Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther. 2010. Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther & Theo van Leeuwen. 2001. Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. London: Edward Arnold.Search in Google Scholar

Lenihan, Aoife. 2011. “Join our community of translators”: Language ideologies and Facebook. In Crispin Thurlow & Kristine Mroczek (eds.), Digital discourse: Language in the new media, 48–64. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.003.0003Search in Google Scholar

Leppänen, Sirpa. 2009. Playing with and policing language use and textuality in fan Fiction. In Ingrid Hotz-Davies, Anton Kirchhofer & Sirpa Leppänen (eds.), Internet fictions, 62–83. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Search in Google Scholar

Leppänen, Sirpa, Samu Kytölä, Henna Jousmäki, Saija Peuronen & Elina Westinen. 2014. Entextualization and resemiotization as resources for identification in social media. In Philip Seargeant & Caroline Tagg (eds.), The language of social media: Identity and community on the Internet, 112–136. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137029317_6Search in Google Scholar

Newon, Lisa. 2011. Multimodal creativity and identities of expertise in the digital ecology of a World of Warcraft guild. In Crispin Thurlow & Kristine Mroczek (eds.), Digital discourse: Language in the new media, 309–341. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795437.003.0007Search in Google Scholar

Norris, Sigrid. 2004. Analyzing multimodal interaction: A methodological framework. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203379493Search in Google Scholar

Page, Ruth E. 2013. Stories and social media: Identities and interaction. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203148617Search in Google Scholar

Scollon, Ron. 2008. Discourse itineraries: Nine processes of resemiotization. In Vijay K. Bhatia, John Flowerdrew & Rodney H. Jones (eds.), Advances in discourse studies, 233–244. Abingdon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Scollon, Ron & Suzie Wong Scollon. 2004. Nexus analysis: Discourse and the emerging internet. Chicago: Chicago University Press.10.4324/9780203694343Search in Google Scholar

Van Leeuwen, Theo. 2001. What is authenticity? Discourse Studies 3(4). 392–397.10.1177/1461445601003004003Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Haiyan & Peter Crosthwaite. 2021. The affordances of WeChat Voice Messaging for Chinese EFL learners during private tutoring. Computer Assisted Language Learning 22(1). 223–245.10.1080/09588221.2022.2046612Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Yilei & Dezheng Feng. 2021. History, modernity, and city branding in China: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of Xi’an’s promotional videos on social media. Social Semiotics 2021. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2020.1870405.Search in Google Scholar

Xie, Bo. 2008. Multimodal computer-mediated communication and social support among older. Chinese Internet users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13. 728–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00417.x.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, Yuhong. 2020. The danmaku interface on Bilibili and the recontextualised translation practice: A semiotic technology perspective. Social Semiotics 30(2). 254–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2019.1630962.Search in Google Scholar

Zappavigna, Michele. 2012. Discourse of Twitter and social media: How we use language to create affiliation on the web, vol. 6. London & New York: Continuum.10.5040/9781472541642Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Leticia Tian & Daniel Cassany. 2019. “The murderer is him ✓” Multimodal humor in danmu video comments. Internet Pragmatics 4(2). 272–294.10.1075/ip.00038.zhaSearch in Google Scholar

Zhang, Leticia-Tian & Daniel Cassany. 2020. Making sense of danmu: Coherence in massive anonymous chats on Bilibili.com. Discourse Studies 22(4). 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445620940051.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Yi. 2020. Adopting Japanese in a popular Chinese video-sharing website: Heteroglossic and multilingual communication by online users of Bilibili.com. International Multilingual Research Journal 14(1). 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2019.1627856.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2020-04-02
Accepted: 2022-01-03
Published Online: 2022-01-24
Published in Print: 2022-05-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 12.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/text-2020-0042/html
Scroll to top button