Using laser Doppler extensometry with polarization diversity to measure strain in high-speed tensile testing

Fangjian Wang; Marcel Hess; Johannes Wölck; Christian Rembe

doi:10.1515/teme-2025-0014

Article

Using laser Doppler extensometry with polarization diversity to measure strain in high-speed tensile testing

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Published/Copyright: April 8, 2025

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From the journal tm - Technisches Messen Volume 92 Issue 5

Abstract

High-speed tensile tests are widely used to generate materials data for crash simulation purposes. The measurement of strain is of particular interest in these experiments. Laser-Doppler technology enables accurate strain measurements without contact, but the laser speckle effect causes an increased noise level and so-called signal dropouts. Signal diversity reduces the negative effects of these laser speckles. We implemented polarization diversity, where two photodetectors detect the light of two orthogonal polarization states, in a laser-Doppler extensometer. In this paper, we build a mathematical model to describe the carrier-noise-ratio under the laser speckle effect. Our findings show that polarization diversity leads to greater improvement with two diversity channels instead of the other two diversities (angular and wavelength diversity). Furthermore, we introduce that our sensor can measure the strain in the high-speed tensile testing, where velocities of over 30 m/s occur. Finally, we estimate the measurement uncertainty of our laser-Doppler extensometer. The measurement data obtained shows that our sensor can accurately measure such fast tearing processes.

Zusammenfassung

Hochgeschwindigkeits-Zugversuche sind weit verbreitet, um Materialdaten für Crash-Simulationen zu gewinnen. Die Messung der Dehnung ist bei diesen Versuchen von besonderem Interesse. Die Laser-Doppler-Technologie ermöglicht genaue Dehnungsmessungen ohne Berührung, aber der Laserspeckle-Effekt verursacht einen erhöhten Rauschpegel und sogenannte Signalausfälle. Signaldiversität reduziert die negativen Auswirkungen dieser Laserspeckles. Wir haben Polarisationsdiversität, bei der zwei Photodetektoren das Licht zweier orthogonaler Polarisationszustände detektieren, in einem Laser-Doppler-Dehnungsmessgerät implementiert. In dieser Arbeit erstellen wir ein mathematisches Modell zur Beschreibung des Träger-Rausch-Verhältnisses unter dem Laser-Speckle-Effekt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Polarisationsdiversität mit zwei Diversitätskanälen zu einer größeren Verbesserung führt als mit den beiden anderen Diversitäten (Winkel- und Wellenlängendiversität). Außerdem stellen wir vor, dass unser Sensor die Dehnung bei Hochgeschwindigkeits-Zugversuchen messen kann, bei denen Geschwindigkeiten von über 30 m/s auftreten. Schließlich schätzen wir die Messunsicherheit unseres Laser-Doppler-Extensometers ab. Die erhaltenen Messdaten zeigen, dass unser Sensor solche schnellen Zerreißvorgänge genau messen kann.

Keywords: in-plane laser-Doppler vibrometry; strain measurement in high-speed tensile test; signal diversity

Schlagworter: Laser-Doppler-Vibrometrie in der Ebene; Dehnungsmessung im Hochgeschwindigkeits-Zugversuch; Signaldiversität

Corresponding author: Fangjian Wang, Department of Applied Metrology, The Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal, Germany, E-mail: wang@iei.tu-clausthal.de

Funding source: the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection of the Federal Republic of Germany

Award Identifier / Grant number: ZF4320203SN9

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: F. Wang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Visualization, Project administration; M. Hess: Conceptualization, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – Review & Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition; J. Wölck: Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – Review & Editing; C. Rembe: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: The work presented was funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection of the Federal Republic of Germany as part of the Central Innovation Program for SMEs (ZIM). Funding code: ZF4320203SN9.
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2025-02-14

Accepted: 2025-03-12

Published Online: 2025-04-08

Published in Print: 2025-05-26

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2025-0014

Keywords for this article

in-plane laser-Doppler vibrometry; strain measurement in high-speed tensile test; signal diversity