Abstract:
An important ancient Athenian institution was the ephēbeia: an institution with a military character during the later fourth century BC, which eventually acquired a paideutic one during the Hellenistic and Roman ages. Two Byzantine lexica, the lexicon of Photius and the LexeisRhētorikai, inform us on the functions of an office connected with the classical Athenian ephēbeia, namely the sophronistēs. The article investigates the possible sources (Hellenistic, Roman-era, Byzantine) from which both Byzantine lexica received the entry. What arises is the role of a lost Roman-era lexicon of Attic realia, the Athenian Onomasticon, to the transmission of this entry. The article argues that the Athenian Onomasticon might have severely downplayed on the military character of the classical Athenian ephēbeia; it also stresses the need for an edition of the fragments of the Athenian Onomasticon, a process that will shed light upon the working habits of its compiler.
Bibliography
Adler, A. (1931), “Suidas”, in: RE 2.Reih., 4 A, cols. 675–717; 1269–1270.Search in Google Scholar
Alpers, K. (ed.) (1981), Das attizistische Lexicon des Oros, Berlin-New York.10.1515/9783110835656Search in Google Scholar
Alpers, K. (1988), “Das Lexicon des Photios und das Lexicon rhetoricum des Etymologicum Genuinum”, in: Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 38, 171–191.Search in Google Scholar
Ahrweiler, H. (1965), “Sur la carrière de Photius avant son Patriarchat”, in: Byzantinische Zeitschrift 58, 348–363.Search in Google Scholar
Bearzot, C. (2007), “Nomophylakes in due lemmi di Polluce (VIII. 94 νομοφύλακες e VIII. 102 οἱ ἕνδεκα)”, in: C. Bearzot / F. Landucci / G. Zecchini (2007), 43–67.Search in Google Scholar
Bearzot, C. / Landucci, F. / Zecchini, G. (eds.) (2007), L’ Onomasticon di Giulio Polluce. Tra lessicografia e antiquaria, Milano.Search in Google Scholar
Bekker, I. (ed.) (1814), Anecdota Graeca. I, Lexica Segueriana, Berlin.10.1515/9783112634561Search in Google Scholar
Bethe, I. (1917), “Iulius [398] = Iulius Pollux”, in: RE 10, cols. 773–779.Search in Google Scholar
Boysen, C. (1876), De Harpocrationis lexici fontibus quaestiones selectae, Kiel.Search in Google Scholar
Brunt, P.A. (1975), “Did imperial Rome disarm her Subjects?”, in: Phoenix 29, 260–270.10.2307/1087619Search in Google Scholar
Brzoska, A. (1899), “Caecilius [2]”, in: RE 3, cols. 1174–1188.Search in Google Scholar
Burckhardt, L. (2004), “Die attische Ephebie im hellenistischer Zeit”, in: D. Kah / P. Stolz (eds.), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 193–206.Search in Google Scholar
Bursy, B. (1897), De Aristotelis Πολιτείας Ἀθηναίων partis alterius fonte et auctoritate, Jurjewi (Dorpati).Search in Google Scholar
Chambers, M. (ed.) (1986) (=19942), Aristoteles ΑΘΗΝΑΙΩΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ, Leipzig.Search in Google Scholar
Chankowski, A.S. (2010), L’ éphébie hellénistique, Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Cohn, L. (1883), “Untersuchungen über die Quellen der Plato-Scholien”, in: Jahrbücher für Philologie und Pädagogik, Supplementband 13, 773–864.Search in Google Scholar
Cohn, L. (1903), “Didymos [8]”, in: RE 5.1, cols. 445–472.Search in Google Scholar
Cohn, L. (1913), “Griechische Lexikographie”, in: K. Brugmann (ed.), Griechische Grammatik. Laulehre, Stammbildungs- und Flexionslehre, Syntax (4th edition, bearbeitet von A. Thumb), Munich, 681–730.Search in Google Scholar
Cunningham, I.C. (1986), “Harpocration and the Συναγωγή”, in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 27, 205–221.Search in Google Scholar
Cunningham, I.C. (2001), Review of C. Theodoridis (ed.), Photii Patriarchae Lexicon, volumen II, Ε–Μ, Berlin-New York 1998, in: Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 253, 231–236.Search in Google Scholar
Cunningham, I.C. (ed.) (2003), Synagoge, Συναγωγὴ λέξεων χρησίμων. Texts of the Original Version and of Ms. B, Berlin-New York.10.1515/9783110204797Search in Google Scholar
Daly, L.W. (1967), Contributions to a History of Alphabetization in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Brussels.Search in Google Scholar
Delorme, J. (1960), Gymnasion. Étude sur les monuments consacrés à l’éducation en Grèce (des origines à l’Empire romain), Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Dindorf, G. (ed.) (1853), Harpocrationis Lexicon in decem oratores atticos, I, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Dittenberger, W. (1863), De ephebis atticis, Göttingen.Search in Google Scholar
Dumont, A. (1875–1876), Essai sur l’ éphébie attique, I-II, Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Erbse, H. (1950), Untersuchungen zu den attizistischen Lexica, Berlin.10.1515/9783112644881Search in Google Scholar
Gehrke, H.-J. (1997), “Ephebeia”, in: Der Neue Pauly 3, 1072–1075.Search in Google Scholar
Graindor, P. (1915), “Les Cosmetès du Musée d’ Athènes”, in: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 39, 241–401.Search in Google Scholar
Gudeman, A. (1917), “Iulianos [2]”, in: RE 10, cols. 9–10.Search in Google Scholar
Hägg, T. (1973), “Photius at Work: Evidence from the Text of the Bibliotheca”, in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 14, 213–222.Search in Google Scholar
Hägg, T. (1975), Photios als Vermittler antiker Literatur. Untersuchungen zur Technik des Referierens und Exzerpierens in der Bibliotheke, Uppsala.Search in Google Scholar
Halkin, F. (1963), “La date de composition de la Bibliothèque de Photius remise en question”, in: Analecta Bollandiana 81, 414–417.10.1484/J.ABOL.4.02524Search in Google Scholar
Hanslik, R. (1955), “Valerius Pollio [293]”, in: RE 2. Reih., 8 Α, cols. 175–176.Search in Google Scholar
Hatzimichali, M. (2006), Greek Scholarship of the Early Imperial Period: the Work of Pamphilus of Alexandria, Unpublished D. Phil. thesis, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Hemmerdinger, B. (1959), “Deux notes papyrologiques”, in: Revue des Études Grecques 72, 107–109.10.3406/reg.1959.3573Search in Google Scholar
Henry, R. (ed.) (1960), Photius, Bibliothèque, II, Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Houtsma, E.O. (ed.) (1870), Lexicon Rhetoricum Cantabrigiense, Leiden.Search in Google Scholar
Humble, N. (2002), “Was sōphrōsynē ever a Spartan virtue?”, in: A. Powell / S. Hodkinson (eds.), Sparta: Beyond the Mirage, London, 85–109.10.2307/j.ctv1n357hd.6Search in Google Scholar
Ibrahim, M.H. (1972), Ἡ Ἑλληνορωμαϊκὴ παιδεία ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἀπὸ τοῦ α΄ ἔως τοῦ δ΄ μ.Χ. αἰῶνος κατὰ τοὺς παπύρους, Athens.Search in Google Scholar
Impellizzeri, S. (1969–1970), “L’ umanesimo bizantino del IX secolo e la genesi della Bibliotheca di Fozio”, in: Rivista di studi bizantini e neoellenici n.s., 6–7, 9–69 [= reprinted in: Studi storici in onore di Gabriele Pepe, Padova 1969, 211–266]Search in Google Scholar
Jones, A.H.M. (1940), The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Jouguet, P. (1911), La vie municipale dans l’ Égypte Romaine, Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Kah, D. / Stolz, P. (eds.) (2004), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin.10.1515/9783050084077Search in Google Scholar
Kaibel, G. (ed.) (1878), Epigrammata graeca ex lapidibus conlecta, Berlin.10.1515/9783112394885Search in Google Scholar
Keaney, J.J. (1973), “Alphabetization in Harpocration’s Lexicon,” in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 14, 415–423.Search in Google Scholar
Keaney, J.J. (ed.) (1991), Harpocration, Lexeis of the Ten Orators, Amsterdam.Search in Google Scholar
Krumeich, R. (2004), “Klassiker im Gymnasion. Bildnisse attischer Kosmeten der mittleren und späten Kaiserzeit zwischen Rom und griechischer Vergangenheit”, in: B.E. Borg (ed.), Paideia: The World of the Second Sophistic, Berlin-New York, 131–155.10.1515/9783110204711.131Search in Google Scholar
Lasserre, F. / Livadaras, N. (ed.) (1976–1992), Etymologicum Magnum Genuinum, Symeonis Etymologicum, una cum magna grammatica, Etymologicum Magnum Auctum, I-II (I, Rome; II, Athens).Search in Google Scholar
Lattanzi, E. (1968), I ritratti dei Cosmeti nel Museo Nazionale di Atene, Rome.Search in Google Scholar
Latte, K. / Erbse, H. (ed.) (1995), Lexica Graeca Minora, Hildesheim.Search in Google Scholar
Lemerle, P. (1971), Le premier humanisme byzantin. Notes et remarques sur enseignement et culture à Byzance des origines au Xe siècle, Paris.Search in Google Scholar
Lindsay, J. (1965), Leisure and Pleasure in Roman Egypt, London.Search in Google Scholar
Maffi, A. (2007), “L’Onomasticon di Polluce come fonte di diritto attico”, in: C. Bearzot / F. Landucci / G. Zecchini (2007), 29–42.Search in Google Scholar
Mango, C. (1975), “The availability of books in the Byzantine Empire, A.D. 750–850”, in: Byzantine Books and Bookmen, Washington, 29–45.Search in Google Scholar
Marrou, H.I. (1956), A History of Education in Antiquity, trans. G. Lamb, London.Search in Google Scholar
Michaelis, R. (1902), Quae ratio intercedat inter Julii Pollucis Onomasticon et Aristotelis de republica Atheniensium libri partem alteram, Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
Musurillo, H. (ed.) (1954), The Acts of the Pagan Martyrs. Acta Alexandrinorum, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Nilsson, M.P. (1955), Die hellenistische Schule, Munich.Search in Google Scholar
North, H. (1966), Sophrosyne, Self-knowledge and Self-Restraint in Greek literature, Ithaka-New York.Search in Google Scholar
Oehler, J. (1903), “ Ἐφηβία” (sic), in: RE 5, cols. 2741–46 [joined with Thalheim 1903].Search in Google Scholar
Oehler, J. (1912a), “Γυμνασίαρχος”, in: RE 7.2, cols. 1969–2004.Search in Google Scholar
Oehler, J. (1912b), “Gymnasium”, in: RE 7.2, cols. 2004–2026.Search in Google Scholar
Oehler, J. (1927), “Σωφρονισταί”, in: RE 2. Reih., 3 A, cols. 1104–1106.Search in Google Scholar
Orth, W. (1983), “Zum Gymnasium im römerzeitlichen Ägypten”, in: H. Heinen / K. Stroheker / G. Walser (eds.), Althistorische Studien. Hermann Bengtson zum 70. Geburtstag dargebracht von Kollegen und Schülern, Wiesbaden, 223–232.Search in Google Scholar
Pélékidis, C. (1962), Histoire de l’ éphébie attique, des origines à 31 avant J.-C., Athens.Search in Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, R. (1968), History of Classical Scholarship. From the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Rea, J. (1993), “A Student’s Letter to his Father: P. Oxy. XVIII 2190 Revised”, in: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 99, 75–88.Search in Google Scholar
Rees, B.R. (1960), The Use of Greek. An Inaugural Lecture, Cardiff.Search in Google Scholar
Reinmuth, O.W. (1967), “Ephebeia”, in: Der Kleine Pauly 2, 287–291.Search in Google Scholar
Reinmuth, O.W. (ed.) (1971), The Ephebic Inscriptions of the Fourth Century BC, Leiden.10.1163/9789004327139Search in Google Scholar
Reitzenstein, R. (1897), Geschichte der griechischen Etymologika. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Philologie in Alexandria und Byzanz, Leipzig.Search in Google Scholar
Reitzenstein, R. (1907a), “Etymologika”, in: RE 6, cols. 807–817.Search in Google Scholar
Reitzenstein, R. (1907b) Der Anfang des Lexikons des Photios, Leipzig-Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
Reynolds, L.D. / Wilson, N.G. (1991), Scribes and Scholars. A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature (3rd edition), Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. (1981), A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar
Sakkelion, I. (1877), “Λέξεις μεθ’ ἱστοριῶν – Lexicon Patmense”, in: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 1, pp. 10–16; 137–154.Search in Google Scholar
Schmid, W. (1903), “Diodoros [46]”, in: RE 5, col. 708.Search in Google Scholar
Schmidt, K.F.W. (1926), Das griechische Gymnasium in Ägypten, Halle.Search in Google Scholar
Schoenemann, I. (1886), De lexicographis antiquis qui rerum ordinem secuti sunt quaestiones praecursoriae, Hannover.Search in Google Scholar
Schubert, P. (1995), “Philostrate et les sophistes d’ Alexandrie”, in: Mnemosyne 48, 178–188.Search in Google Scholar
Schulz, H. (1912), “Harpokration [5]”, in: RE 7, cols. 2412–2416.Search in Google Scholar
Stolz, P. (2004), “Elementarunterricht und intellektuelle Bildung im hellenistischen Gymnasion”, in: D. Kah / P. Stolz (eds.), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 103–128.Search in Google Scholar
Thalheim, T. (1903), “ Ἐφηβία” (sic), in: RE 5, cols. 2737–2741.Search in Google Scholar
Theodoridis, C. (ed.) (1982–2012), Photii Patriarchae Lexicon, I-III, Berlin-New York.Search in Google Scholar
Theodoridis, C. (1992), “Das Lexikon des Patriarchen Photios und das Rhetorikon des Etymologicum Genuinum”, in: Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 42, 95–141.Search in Google Scholar
Tolkiehn, J. (1925), “Lexikographie”, in: RE 12, cols. 2432–2482.Search in Google Scholar
Tosi, R. (2007), “Polluce: struttura onomastica e tradizione lessicografica”, in: C. Bearzot / F. Landucci / G. Zecchini (2007), 3–16.Search in Google Scholar
Tosi, R. (2013), “Onomastique et lexicographie: Pollux et Phrynichos”, in: C. Mauduit (ed.), L’Onomasticon de Pollux: aspects culturels, rhétoriques et lexicographiques, Paris-Lyon, 141–146.Search in Google Scholar
Tracy, S.V. (1995), Athenian Democracy in Transition, Berkeley.Search in Google Scholar
Tracy, S.V. (2004), “Reflections on the Athenian Ephebeia in the Hellenistic Ages”, in: D. Kah / P. Stolz (eds), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 207–210.10.1524/9783050047249.207Search in Google Scholar
Tsantsanoglou, K. (ed.) (1967), Τὸ λεξικὸ τοῦ Φωτίου. Χρονολόγηση, Χειρόγραφη παράδοση, Thessalonica.Search in Google Scholar
Tsantsanoglou, K. (1984), New Fragments of Greek Literature in the Lexicon of Photius, Athens.Search in Google Scholar
Tuci, P.A. (2007), “Boulé e assemblea ateniensi in Polluce, Onomasticon VIII”, in: C. Bearzot / F. Landucci / G. Zecchini (2007), 69–102.Search in Google Scholar
Turner, E.G. (1952), “Roman Oxyrhynchus”, in: Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 38, 78–93.Search in Google Scholar
Turner, E.G. (1968), Greek Papyri. An Introduction, Oxford.10.1515/9781400877652Search in Google Scholar
Weiler, I. (2004), “Gymnastik und Agonistik im hellenistichen Gymnasion”, in: D. Kah / P. Stolz (eds.), Das hellenistische Gymnasion, Berlin, 25–46.Search in Google Scholar
Wendel, C. (1939), “Onomastikon”, in: RE 18.1, cols. 507–516.Search in Google Scholar
Wendel, C. (1949), “Pamphilos [25]”, in: RE 18.3, cols. 336–349.Search in Google Scholar
Wentzel, G. (1895), “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lexikographen”, in: Sitzungsberichte der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, volume of 1895, 477–487 [= repr. in: Latte / Erbse 1995, 1–11].Search in Google Scholar
Wentzel, G. (1897), “Review of B. Bursy (ed.), De Aristotelis Πολιτείας Ἀθηναίων partis alterius fonte et auctoritate, Jurjewi (Dorpati) 1897”, in: Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 1897, 616–646.Search in Google Scholar
Wiemer, H.-U. (2011), “Von der Bürgerschule zum aristokratischen Klub? Die athenische Ephebie in der römischen Kaiserzeit”, in: Chiron 41, 487–537.Search in Google Scholar
Wilamowitz, U. v. (1893), Aristoteles und Athen, I, Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
Wilson, J.B. (1990), “Sophrosyne in Thucydides”, in: Ancient History Bulletin 4.3, 51–57.Search in Google Scholar
Wilson, N.G. (1968), “The Composition of Photius’ Bibliotheca”, in: Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 9, 451–455.Search in Google Scholar
Winter, B.W. (2002), Philo and Paul among the Sophists. Alexandrian and Corinthian Responses to a Julio-Claudian Movement (2nd edition), Grand Rapids (MI)-Cambridge (UK).Search in Google Scholar
Zalateo, G. (1961), “Papiri scolastici”, in: Aegyptus 41, 160–235.Search in Google Scholar
Zecchini, G. (2000), “Harpocration and Athenaeus. Historiographical Relationships”, in: D. Braund – J. Wilkins (eds.), Athenaeus and his World. Reading Greek Culture in the Roman Empire, Exeter, 153–160.Search in Google Scholar
Ziebarth, E. (1914), Aus dem griechischen Schulwesen. Eudemos von Milet und verwandtes (2nd edition), Leipzig-Berlin.Search in Google Scholar
Ziegler, K. (1941), “Photios [13]”, in: RE 20, cols. 667–737.Search in Google Scholar
Ziegler, K. (1972), “Zopyrion [2]”, in: RE 2. Reih., 10 A, cols. 764–765.Search in Google Scholar
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelseiten
- Towards a new critical edition of the scholia to the Iliad: a specimen
- Able leaders and fallible men: success and excess in Iliadic battle exhortations
- The Cult of Demeter on Andros and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Interactions with the Beloved in Greek Literature: Conceptual Blending and Levels of Representation
- The Drunken World of Dionysos
- When prophecy drives the prophet crazy (Aesch. Sept. 792–821, 832–839)
- Furia as an Auctor in Seneca’s Thyestes
- Lost Dictionaries, Forgotten Entries. Two Byzantine lexica on the Athenian ΣΩΦΡΟΝΙΣΤΑΙ
- List of Contributors
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelseiten
- Towards a new critical edition of the scholia to the Iliad: a specimen
- Able leaders and fallible men: success and excess in Iliadic battle exhortations
- The Cult of Demeter on Andros and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Interactions with the Beloved in Greek Literature: Conceptual Blending and Levels of Representation
- The Drunken World of Dionysos
- When prophecy drives the prophet crazy (Aesch. Sept. 792–821, 832–839)
- Furia as an Auctor in Seneca’s Thyestes
- Lost Dictionaries, Forgotten Entries. Two Byzantine lexica on the Athenian ΣΩΦΡΟΝΙΣΤΑΙ
- List of Contributors