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Instrumental semantic map in Western Iranian languages

  • Masoud Mohammadirad EMAIL logo and Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand
Published/Copyright: October 20, 2017

Abstract

This paper aims to study instrumental related functions in some Western Iranian languages. The data were collected from descriptive grammars, and interviews in some cases. Narrog’s instrumental semantic map is the basis for analyzing polysemy patterns in these languages. The data show that two main polysemy patterns are attested: (1) Instrumental and companion functions are coded alike. (2) They are coded differently. These two patterns are distributed areally. Furthermore, some languages are shifting/have shifted between these two types mainly as a result of contact-induced matters. In languages in which two or more functions are not directly connected, one marker generally has both instrumental and dative functions.

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Heiko Narrog and the reviewers for their rich feedback on the first version of this paper. Any remaining shortcomings are our sole responsibility. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665850.

Abbreviations

acc

accusative

add

additive

adp

adposition

advlz

adverbilizer

attr

attributive

aug

augment

aux

auxiliary

caus

causative

clf

classifier

com

comitative

comp

complementizer

cop

copula

dat

dative

def

definite

dem

demonstrative

dimin

diminutive

dir

direct

dist

distal

ep

epenthesis

evid

evidentiality

ez

ezafeh

f

feminine

gen

genitive

imp

imperative

ind

indicative

indf

indefinite

inf

infinitive

ins

instrumental

io

indirect object

ipfv

imperfective

loc

locative

m

masculine

na

not analyzed

neg

negative

nmlz

nominalizer

obj

object

obl

oblique

pass

passive

pc

personal clitic

pl

plural

pn

proper noun

post

postposition

pprf

pluperfect

prox

proximal deixis

prf

perfect

prs

present

pst

past

ptcp

participle

pvb

preverb

rch

relative clause head marker

recp

reciprocal

rel

relativizer

refl

reflexive

sbjv

subjunctive

sg

singular

top

topic

tr

transitive

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Published Online: 2017-10-20
Published in Print: 2017-10-26

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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