Abstract
This study examines the perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in 11 heritage Spanish speakers and 6 Spanish-dominant bilingual speakers with an AXB discrimination task (Lukyanchenko, Anna & Kira Gor. 2011. Perceptual correlates of phonological representations in heritage speakers and L2 learners. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University conference on language development, 414–426. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press). In Spanish, diphthongs and hiatuses represent distinct vocalic sequences (Schwegler, Armin, Juergen Kempff & Ana Ameal-Guerra. 2010. Fonética y fonología españolas, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley). However, there are words in which the pronunciation of the vocalic sequence as either a diphthong or hiatus serves as a contrastive feature, as in the example of ley / leí (Face, Timothy L. & Scott M. Alvord. 2004. Lexical and acoustic factors in the perception of the Spanish diphthong vs. Hiatus contrast. Hispania 87(3). 553–564; Hualde, José I. & Mónica Prieto. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2). 217–234). Given that these features also exist in English, albeit in different forms, does L2 influence of English impact heritage Spanish listeners' perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in Spanish? Specifically, this study examines discrimination between the diphthong / hiatus as a contrasting feature with /a e o/ as the nucleic vowel in the diphthongs. Results indicate that there is not a significant difference in discrimination between heritage speakers and Spanish-dominant bilinguals. Additionally, the nucleic vowel in the diphthong tokens is a significant factor for the ability to discriminate diphthongs vs. hiatuses in heritage Spanish speakers. The findings of this study contribute to the corpus of phonetic studies focusing on heritage Spanish speakers and perception in their heritage language.
Resumen
Este estudio examina la percepción de los diptongos y hiatos en 11 hablantes de herencia de español y 6 hablantes dominantes del español a través de una tarea de discriminación AXB (Lukyanchenko, Anna & Kira Gor. 2011. Perceptual correlates of phonological representations in heritage speakers and L2 learners. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University conference on language development, 414–426. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press). En español, el diptongo y el hiato representan segmentos vocálicos distintos (Schwegler, Armin, Juergen Kempff & Ana Ameal-Guerra. 2010. Fonética y fonología españolas, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley). Sin embargo, hay palabras en las que la realización del diptongo o hiato sirve como rasgo contrastivo, como el caso de ley / leí (Face, Timothy L. & Scott M. Alvord. 2004. Lexical and acoustic factors in the perception of the Spanish diphthong vs. Hiatus contrast. Hispania 87(3). 553–564; Hualde, José I. & Mónica Prieto. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2). 217–234). Dado que estos fenómenos también existen en inglés, aunque en formas distintas, ¿hay influencia por parte del inglés en la percepción por los hablantes de herencia de español? Específicamente, este estudio examina la habilidad de discriminar entre el diptongo y el hiato como rasgo contrastivo con /a e o/ como vocal nucleica en los diptongos. Los resultados indican que no hay una diferencia significativa en la habilidad de discriminar entre los dos grupos de hablantes en general. Además, la vocal nucleica figura como variable significativa solo para el grupo de hablantes de herencia. Sin embargo, los hallazgos de este estudio contribuyen al campo de estudios que se enfocan en los hablantes de herencia del español y su capacidad perceptiva en la lengua de herencia.
Apéndice A
Lista de estímulos empleados en la tarea de discriminación AXB
*La porción de la palabra subrayada representa la porción de la palabra empleada en la tarea de discriminación AXB. Se grabó la palabra completa, y después se cortó la porción subrayada.
| Diptongo | Hiato | |
|---|---|---|
| Estímulos Experimentales | Actual | Actúa |
| Hay | Allí | |
| Continuo | Continúo | |
| Crianza | Cría | |
| Diablo | Día | |
| Hacia | Hacía | |
| Hoy | Oí | |
| Ley | Leí | |
| Media | Medía | |
| Miopía | Mío | |
| Pie | Píe | |
| Policiaca | Policía | |
| Rey | Reí | |
| Sabia | Sabía | |
| Seria | Sería | |
| Distractores | Suiza | Luisa |
| Varias | Varías | |
| Viola | Bióloga | |
| Los enviamos | Los vaciamos | |
| Elogiamos | Guiamos | |
| Indiana | Con Diana | |
| Limpiando | Piando |
Apéndice B
Encuesta demográfica lingüística administrada a los hablantes de herencia
Nombre y apellido: ______________________________________________
Edad:
18 años o menor
19–22 años
23–26 años
26 años o mayor
¿Qué idiomas hablas? (Selecciona cada opción que aplique):
| Español | Inglés | Otro idioma | |
|---|---|---|---|
| En casa | |||
| En el trabajo | |||
| Con tus amigos | |||
| Con tus padres | |||
| Con tus abuelos |
Haz una lista de las ciudades en las que has vivido por más de 6 meses (ciudad, estado, país). _______________________________________________________
Haz una lista de los países que has visitado por más de una semana (país / número de semanas). _______________________________________________
¿Tienes otros comentarios sobre tu información demográfica / los idiomas que hablas? ___________________________________________________________
Referencias
Aguilar, Lourdes. 1999. Hiatus and diphthong: Acoustic cues and speech situation differences. Speech Communication 28(1). 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(99)00003-5.Suche in Google Scholar
Alvord, Scott M. & Brandon M. Rogers. 2014. Miami-Cuban Spanish vowels in contact. Sociolinguistic Studies 8(1). 139–170. https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v8i1.139.Suche in Google Scholar
Amengual, Mark. 2012. Interlingual influence in bilingual speech: Cognate status effect in a continuum of bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15. 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000460.Suche in Google Scholar
Amengual, Mark. 2016. Acoustic correlates of the Spanish tap-trill contrast: Heritage and L2 Spanish speakers. Heritage Language Journal 13(2). 88–112. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.13.2.2.Suche in Google Scholar
Au, Terry K., Janet S. Oh, Leah M. Knightly, Sun-Ah Jun & Laura F. Romo. 2008. Salvaging a childhood language. Journal of Memory and Language 58(4). 998–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.001.Suche in Google Scholar
Beaton, Mary Elizabeth. 2020. Heritage Spanish speakers' syllabification of -ear and -iar verbs. Heritage Language Journal 17(1). 38–69. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.17.1.2.Suche in Google Scholar
Beaudrie, Sara M. 2009. Receptive bilinguals' language development in the classroom: The differential effects of heritage versus foreign language curriculum. In Manel Lacorte & Jennifer Leeman (eds.), Español en Estados Unidos y otros contextos de contacto: Sociolingüística, ideología y pedagogía, 325–346. Berlin: Iberoamericana Veuvert.10.31819/9783865279033-017Suche in Google Scholar
Beaudrie, Sara M. & Marta Fairclough (eds.). 2012. Spanish as a heritage language in the United States: The state of the field. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Birdsong, David, Libby M. Gertken & Mark Amengual. 2012. Bilingual language profile: An easy-to-use instrument to access bilingualism. Austin, TX: COERLL, University of Texas at Austin. Available at: https://sites.la.utexas.edu/bilingual/.Suche in Google Scholar
Boersma, Paul & David Weenink. 2019. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (6.0.48) [Computer software]. Available at: http://www.praat.org.Suche in Google Scholar
Boomershine, Amanda. 2013. The perception of English vowels by monolingual, bilingual, and heritage speakers of Spanish and English. In Chad Howe, Sarah Blackwell & Margaret Lubbers Quesada (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 15th Hispanic linguistics symposium, 103–118. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla.Suche in Google Scholar
Borzone de Manrique, Ana M. 1976. Acoustic study of /i,u/ in the Spanish diphthong. Language and Speech 19(2). 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383097601900203.Suche in Google Scholar
Borzone de Manrique, Ana M. 1979. Acoustic analysis of the Spanish diphthongs. Phonetica 36(3). 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1159/000259958.Suche in Google Scholar
Bradlow, Ann R. 1995. A comparative acoutic study of English and Spanish vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97. 1916–1924. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.412064.Suche in Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan. 2006. Frequency of use and the organization of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301571.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Calderón Rivera, Álvaro. 1991. Vigencia del diptongo hispánico. Verba Hispanica 1(1). 69–88. https://doi.org/10.4312/vh.1.1.69-88.Suche in Google Scholar
Carr, Philip. 1999. English phonetics and phonology. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishers Inc.Suche in Google Scholar
Carr, Philip. 2013. English phonetics and phonology: An Introduction, 2nd edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Suche in Google Scholar
Carreira, Maria. 2004. Seeking explanatory adequacy: A dual approach to understanding the term “heritage language learner”. Heritage Language Journal 2. 1–25. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.2.1.1.Suche in Google Scholar
Carreira, Maria & Olga Kagan. 2011. The results of the national heritage language survey: Implications for teaching, curriculum design, and professional development. Foreign Language Annals 44(1). 40–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01118.x.Suche in Google Scholar
Casillas, Joseph V. 2015. Production and perception of the /i/—/I/ vowel contrast: The case of L2-dominant early learners of English. Phonetica 72(2–3). 182–205. https://doi.org/10.1159/000431101.Suche in Google Scholar
Chang, Charles B. 2016. Bilingual perceptual benefits of experience with a heritage language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19(4). 791–809. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728914000261.Suche in Google Scholar
Chappell, Whitney. 2019. The sociophonetic perception of heritage Spanish speakers in the United States. In Whitney Chappell (ed.), Recent advances in the study of Spanish sociophonetic perception, vol. 21, 239–264. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/ihll.21.09chaSuche in Google Scholar
Chitoran, Ioana & José I. Hualde. 2007. From hiatus to diphthong: The evolution of vowel sequences in Romance. Phonology 24. 37–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095267570700111x.Suche in Google Scholar
Colina, Sonia. 2012. Syllable structure. In José I. Hualde, Antón Olarrea & Erin O'Rourke (eds.), The handbook of Hispanic linguistics, 133–151. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.10.1002/9781118228098.ch7Suche in Google Scholar
Collier, René, Fredericka Bell-Berti & Lawrence J. Raphael. 1982. Some acoustic and physiological observations on diphthongs. Language and Speech 34. 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383098202500401.Suche in Google Scholar
Davidson, Lisa & Daniel Erker. 2014. Hiatus resolution in American English: The case against glide insertion. Language 90. 482–514. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2014.0028.Suche in Google Scholar
Davis, Stuart & Michael Hammond. 1995. On the status of onglides in American English. Phonology 12(2). 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002463.Suche in Google Scholar
Díaz, Miriam & Miquel Simonet. 2015. Second language acquisition of Spanish /e/ and /ei/ by native English speakers. Hispania 98(4). 750–761. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2015.0138.Suche in Google Scholar
Duchon, Andrew, Manuel Perea, Nuria Sebastián-Gallés, Antonia Martí & Manuel Carreiras. 2013. EsPal. Available at: https://www.bcbl.eu/databases/espal/index.php.Suche in Google Scholar
Elias, Vanessa, Sean McKinnon & Ángel Milla-Muñoz. 2017. The effects of code-switching and lexical stress on vowel quality and duration of heritage speakers of Spanish. Languages 2. 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages2040029.Suche in Google Scholar
Espy-Wilson, Carol Y. 1992. Acoustic measures for linguistic features distinguishing the semivowels /wjrl/ in American English. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92(2). 736–757. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.403998.Suche in Google Scholar
Face, Timothy L. & Scott M. Alvord. 2004. Lexical and acoustic factors in the perception of the Spanish diphthong vs. Hiatus contrast. Hispania 87(3). 553–564. https://doi.org/10.2307/20063061.Suche in Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 2001. 300-plus years of heritage language education in the United States since 1960: Trends and correlates. In Joy Kreeft Peyton, Donald A. Ranard & Scott McGinnis (eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource, 81–97. McHenry, IL: Delta Systems.Suche in Google Scholar
Flege, James E. 1995. Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Winifred Strange (ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research, 233–277. London: York Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Gerrits, Ellen & M. E. H. (Bert) Schouten. 2004. Categorical perception depends on the discrimination task. Perception & Psychophysics 66(3). 363–376. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03194885.Suche in Google Scholar
Hacquard, Valentine, Mary A. Walter & Alec Marantz. 2007. The effects of inventory on vowel perception in French and Spanish: An MEG study. Brain and Language 100(3). 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.04.009.Suche in Google Scholar
Han, Jeong-Im, Moongee Jeon & Sujin Oh. 2017. Examining the temporal development of phonetic and lexical learning in second language. Psychological Reports 120(5). 785–804. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117707946.Suche in Google Scholar
Hay, Jennifer. 2001. Lexical frequency in morphology: Is everything relative? Linguistics 39(6). 1041–1070. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2001.041.Suche in Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, James, Laura A. Getty, Michael J. Clark & Kimberlee Wheeler. 1995. Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97(5–1). 3099–3111. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.411872.Suche in Google Scholar
Hualde, José I. 2005. The sounds of Spanish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Hualde, José I. & Mónica Prieto. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2). 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2002.010.Suche in Google Scholar
Hunt, Elisabeth H. 2009. Acoustic characterization of the glides /j/ and /w/ in American English. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, Ji-Young. 2011. Discrepancy between the perception and production of stop consonants by Spanish Heritage Speakers in the United States. Seoul: Korea University MA thesis.Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, Ji-Young. 2015. Perception and production of Spanish lexical stress by Spanish heritage speakers and English L2 learners of Spanish. In Erik Willis, Pedro Martín Butragueño & Esther Herrera Zendejas (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 6th conference on laboratory approaches to Romance phonology, 106–128. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, Ji-Young. 2019. Heritage speakers' use of prosodic strategies in focus marking in Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(5). 986–1004. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006918763139.Suche in Google Scholar
Knightly, Leah, Su-Ah Jun, Janet S. Oh & Terry Kit-fong Au. 2003. Production benefits of childhood overhearing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114(1). 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1577560.Suche in Google Scholar
Konopka, Kenneth. 2011. The vowels of Mexican heritage English in a Chicago community. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Krause, Alice. 2013. Optimal diphthongs: An OT analysis of the acquisition of Spanish diphthongs. D, Albany, NY: State University of New York at Albany Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Lee, Sungbok, Alexandros Potamianos & Shrikanth Narayanan. 2014. Developmental acoustic study of American English diphthongs. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136(4). 1880–1894. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4894799.Suche in Google Scholar
Liberman, Alvin M., Katherine Safford Harris, Howard S. Hoffman & Belver C. Griffith. 1957. The discriminationof speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology 54(5). 358–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044417.Suche in Google Scholar
Limanni, Anna C. 2014. Production and perception of vocalic sequences in Mexican Spanish. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Lukyanchenko, Anna & Kira Gor. 2011. Perceptual correlates of phonological representations in heritage speakers and L2 learners. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University conference on language development, 414–426. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Martínez Celdrán, Eugenio. 1995. En torno a las vocales del español: análisis y reconocimiento. Estudios de Fonética Experimental 7. 195–218.Suche in Google Scholar
McCully, Chris. 2009. The sound structure of English: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
McGuire, Grant. 2010. A brief primer on experimental designs for speech perception research. UC Santa Cruz: Department of Linguistics. Available at: https://people.ucsc.edu/∼gmcguir1/experiment_designs.pdf.Suche in Google Scholar
Menke, Mandy. 2010. Examination of the Spanish vowels produced by Spanish-English bilingual children. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 28(2). 98–135.Suche in Google Scholar
Menke, Mandy. 2015. How native do they sound? An acoustic analysis of the Spanish vowels of elementary Spanish immersion students. Hispania 98(4). 804–824. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2015.0123.Suche in Google Scholar
Montrul, Silvina. 2016. The acquisition of heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139030502Suche in Google Scholar
Musha Doerr, Neriko & Kiri Lee. 2013. Constructing the heritage language learner: Knowledge, power, and new subjectivities. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9781614512837Suche in Google Scholar
Oh, Janet S. & Terry Kit-fong Au. 2005. Learning Spanish as a heritage language: The role of sociocultural background variables. Language, Culture, and Curriculum 18(3). 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908310508668744.Suche in Google Scholar
Piccinini, Page & Amalia Arvaniti. 2015. Voice onset time in Spanish–English spontaneous code-switching. Journal of Phonetics 52. 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2015.07.004.Suche in Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2001. Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In Joan Bybee & Paul J. Paul (eds.), Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure, 137–157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.45.08pieSuche in Google Scholar
Polgárdi, Krisztina. 2015. Vowels, glides, off-glides and on-glides in English: A loose CV analysis. Lingua 158. 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2015.02.003.Suche in Google Scholar
Quilis, Anatonio & Manuel Esgueva. 1983. Fonemas vocálicos españoles. In Manuel Esgueva & Margarita Cantarero (eds.), Estudios de fonética, 159–252. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.Suche in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv. 2016. On the nuclear intonational phonology of heritage speakers of Spanish. In Diego Pascual y Cabo (ed.), Advances in Spanish as a heritage language, 51–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.49.04raoSuche in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv & Emily Kuder. 2016. Research on heritage Spanish phonetics and phonology: Pedagogical and curricular implications. New Approaches in Educational Research 5(2). 99–106. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.7.171.Suche in Google Scholar
Rao, Rajiv & Rebecca Ronquest. 2015. The heritage Spanish phonetic/phonological system: Looking back and moving forward. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 8. 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2015-0016.Suche in Google Scholar
Ready, Carol A. 2020. Mexican heritage Spanish speakers’ vowel production in cognate and non-cognate words. Hispanic Studies Review 4(2). 155–185.Suche in Google Scholar
Roach, Peter. 2000. English phonetics and phonology: A practical course, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Robles-Puente, Sergio. 2014. Prosody in contact: Spanish in Los Angeles. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Ronquest, Rebecca. 2013. An acoustic examination of unstressed vowel reduction in heritage Spanish. In Chad Howe, Sarah E. Blackwell & Margaret Lubbers Quesada (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 15th hispanic linguistics symposium, 157–171. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Ronquest, Rebecca. 2016. Stylistic variation in heritage Spansih vowel production. Heritage Language Journal 13(2). 275–297. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.13.2.9.Suche in Google Scholar
Ronquest, Rebecca & Rajiv Rao. 2018. Heritage Spanish phonetics and phonology. In Potowski Kim (ed.), The Routledge handbook of Spanish as a heritage language, 164–177. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9781315735139-11Suche in Google Scholar
Rothman, Jason. 2007. Heritage speaker competence differences, language change, and input type: Inflected infinitives in heritage Brazilian Portuguese. International Journal of Bilingualism 114(4). 359–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069070110040201.Suche in Google Scholar
Salza, Pier L. 1988. Durations of Italian diphthongs and vowel clusters. Language and Speech 31(2). 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383098803100201.Suche in Google Scholar
Schouten, M. E. H. (Bert) & Willem J. M. Peeters. 2000. Searching for an explanation for diphthong perception: Dynamic tones and dynamic spectral profiles. Phonetica 57. 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000028457.Suche in Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin, Juergen Kempff & Ana Ameal-Guerra. 2010. Fonética y fonología españolas, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Suche in Google Scholar
Shea, Christine. 2019. Dominance, proficiency, and Spanish heritage speakers’ vowel production of English and Spanish vowels. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41(1). 123–149. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263117000328.Suche in Google Scholar
Shelton, Michael, David Counselman & Nicolás Gutiérrez. 2017. Metalinguistic intuitions and dominant language transfer in heritage Spanish syllabification. Heritage Language Journal 14(3). 288–306. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj14.3.4.Suche in Google Scholar
Shriberg, Lawrence D., Raymond D. Kent, Tara McAllister & Jonathan L. Preston. 2018. Clinical phonetics, 5th edn. New York City: Pearson.Suche in Google Scholar
Souza, Benjamin J. 2010. Hiatus resolution in Spanish: An experimental study. Centre County, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Dissertation.Suche in Google Scholar
Stockwell, Robert P. & J. Donald Bowen. 1965. The sounds of English and Spanish. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Strange, Winifred & Valerie L. Shafer. 2008. Speech perception in second language learners: The re-education of selective perceptions. In Jette G. Hansen Edwards & Mary L. Zampini (eds.), Phonology and second language acquisition, 153–191. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/sibil.36.09strSuche in Google Scholar
Thornburgh, Dianne F. & John H. Ryalls. 1998. Voice onset time in Spanish-English bilinguals: Early versus late learners of English. Journal of Communication Disorders 31. 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9924(97)00053-1.Suche in Google Scholar
Valdés, Guadalupe. 2005. Bilingualism, heritage language learners, and SLA research: Opportunities lost or seized? The Modern Language Journal 89. 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00314.x.Suche in Google Scholar
Van Hessen, Arjan & M. E. H. (Bert) Schouten. 1999. Categorical perception as a function of stimulus quality. Phonetica 56(2). 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1159/000028441.Suche in Google Scholar
Weismer, Gary, Ray D. Kent, Megan Hodge & Ruth Martin. 1988. The acoustic signature for intelligibility test words. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84(4). 1281–1291. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396627.Suche in Google Scholar
Willis, Erik. 2005. An initial examination of Southwest Spanish vowels. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 24(1 & 2). 185–198.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Gender Assignment Strategies Among Simultaneous Spanish/English Bilingual Children from Miami, Florida
- Pronominal Feature Re-assembly: L1 and L2 Pronoun Resolution of Spanish Epicene and Common Gender Antecedents
- Tuteo, Effeminacy and Homosexuality: Change and Continuity in Costa Rican Spanish
- Null Direct Object Clitics in Basque Spanish: A Study Across Four Generations
- Spanish and Ladino in Contact in the United States
- First-Person Plural Subject Pronoun Expression in Mexican Spanish Spoken in Georgia
- Copula Choice is Associated with Discourse Integration Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children
- El diptongo/hiato como rasgo contrastivo: un estudio perceptual con hablantes de herencia de español
- Book Review
- Gabriel Rei-Doval and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero: Lusophone, Galician, and Hispanic linguistics. Bridging frames and traditions
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Gender Assignment Strategies Among Simultaneous Spanish/English Bilingual Children from Miami, Florida
- Pronominal Feature Re-assembly: L1 and L2 Pronoun Resolution of Spanish Epicene and Common Gender Antecedents
- Tuteo, Effeminacy and Homosexuality: Change and Continuity in Costa Rican Spanish
- Null Direct Object Clitics in Basque Spanish: A Study Across Four Generations
- Spanish and Ladino in Contact in the United States
- First-Person Plural Subject Pronoun Expression in Mexican Spanish Spoken in Georgia
- Copula Choice is Associated with Discourse Integration Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children
- El diptongo/hiato como rasgo contrastivo: un estudio perceptual con hablantes de herencia de español
- Book Review
- Gabriel Rei-Doval and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero: Lusophone, Galician, and Hispanic linguistics. Bridging frames and traditions