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Factors associated with recurrent transient global amnesia: systematic review and pathophysiological insights

  • Ioannis Liampas ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Maria Raptopoulou , Stefanos Mpourlios , Vasileios Siokas , Zisis Tsouris , Athina-Maria Aloizou , Metaxia Dastamani , Alexandros Brotis , Dimitrios Bogdanos , Georgia Xiromerisiou and Efthimios Dardiotis
Published/Copyright: March 8, 2021
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Reviews in the Neurosciences
From the journal Reviews in the Neurosciences Volume 32 Issue 7

Abstract

The examination of the risk factors that affect the recurrence of transient global amnesia (TGA) may shed light on the pathophysiological substrate of the disease. A systematic review was performed to identify the factors associated with the recurrence of TGA. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO were meticulously searched. Observational controlled studies involving patients with single (s-TGA) and recurrent TGA (r-TGA) according to Hodges and Warlow’s criteria were retrieved. Differences in the demographic characteristics, personal and family medical history, previous exposure to precipitating events and laboratory findings were examined. Retrieved evidence was assessed in the context of the individual article validity, based on the numerical power and methodological quality of each study. Nine cohort studies with retrospective, prospective or mixed design were retrieved. In total, 1989 patients with TGA were included, 269 of whom suffered from r-TGA (13.5%). R-TGA presented an earlier age of onset. Evidence was suggestive of a relationship between recurrence and a family or personal history of migraine, as well as a personal history of depression. There was weaker evidence that associated recurrence with a positive family history of dementia, a personal history of head injury and hippocampal lesions in diffusion-weighted MRI. On the other hand, no connection was found between recurrence and electroencephalographic abnormalities, impaired jugular venous drainage, cardiovascular risk factors, atrial fibrillation, previous cerebrovascular events, exposure to precipitating events, a positive family history of TGA and hypothyroidism. Important pathophysiological insights that arised from these findings were discussed.

Keywords: depression; migraine; recurrence; transient global amnesia
Corresponding author: Ioannis Liampas, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41100 Larissa, Greece, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: None.

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Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0009).

Received: 2021-01-14
Accepted: 2021-02-15
Published Online: 2021-03-08
Published in Print: 2021-11-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0009
Keywords for this article
depression; migraine; recurrence; transient global amnesia

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics of the brain: new understanding of brain clearance
  3. Endocannabinoid system in trauma and psychosis: distant guardian of mental stability
  4. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS in multiple sclerosis
  5. The emerging role of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family in neurodegenerative diseases
  6. Factors associated with recurrent transient global amnesia: systematic review and pathophysiological insights
  7. Role of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease
  8. The epigenetic regulation of synaptic genes contributes to the etiology of autism
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