Abstract
The neonatal brain is susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury due to its developmental characteristics. Hypoxia-ischemia means a decreased perfusion of oxygen and glucose, which can lead to severe encephalopathy. Although early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia was reported to provide neuroprotection for infants after HI, hypothermia administered alone after the acute insult cannot reverse the severe damage that already has occurred or improve the prognosis of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Therefore, exploring new protective mechanisms for treating hypoxic-ischemic brain damage are imperative. Until now, many studies reported the neuroprotective mechanisms of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning in protecting the hypoxic-ischemic newborn brains. After hypoxia and ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway is involved in the transcriptional regulation of many genes and is also play a number of different roles in protecting brains during hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning. Hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning could protect neonatal brain by several mechanisms, including vascular regulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, suppression of excitotoxicity, immune regulation, hormone levels regulation, and promote cell proliferation. This review focused on the protective mechanisms underlying hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning for neonatal brain after hypoxia-ischemia and emphasized on the important roles of hypoxia inducible factor 1 signaling pathway.
Funding source: Grants from Ministry of Education of China
Funding source: Grants from Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Funding source: National Key R & D Program of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2017YFA0104200
Funding source: Grant of clinical discipline program (Neonatology) from the Ministry of Health of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1311200003303
Funding source: Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 81971433, 81842011, 81771634, 81630038, 81300524), the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFA0104200), the Grants from Ministry of Education of China (IRT0935), the Grants from Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province (2020YFS0041, 2020YJ0236, 2016TD0002) and the Grant of clinical discipline program (Neonatology) from the Ministry of Health of China (1311200003303).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Circulating microparticles in patients after ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for patients with acute intracranial atherosclerosis–related posterior circulation stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Neuroprotection of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning in neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic injury
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