Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications such as depression, anxiety, hypolocomotion, cognitive dysfunction, phobias, anorexia, stroke, pain, etc. Traditional system of medicine is long known for its efficient management of diabetes. The current review discusses the scope of some common medicinal herbs as well as secondary metabolites with a special focus on diabetes-mediated central nervous system complications. Literatures suggest that natural products reduce diabetes-mediated neurological complications partly by reducing oxidative stress and/or inflammation or apoptosis in certain brain regions. Natural products are known to modulate diabetes-mediated alterations in the level of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, monoamine oxidase, serotonin receptors, muscarinic receptors, insulin receptor, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuropeptide in brain. Further, there are several natural products reported to manage diabetic complications with unknown mechanism. In conclusion, medicinal plants or their secondary metabolites have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to effectively manage neurological complications associated with chronic diabetes.
Acknowledgments
Authors would like to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) of India for the financial assistance as senior research fellowship [09/957(0002)/2012-EMR-I].
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
Abraham, P.M., Kuruvilla, K.P., Mathew, J., Malat, A., Joy, S., and Paulose, C. (2010a). Alterations in hippocampal serotonergic and INSR function in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats exposed to stress: neuroprotective role of pyridoxine and Aegle marmelose. J. Biomed. Sci. 17, 78.10.1186/1423-0127-17-78Search in Google Scholar
Abraham, P.M., Paul, J., and Paulose, C. (2010b). Down regulation of cerebellar serotonergic receptors in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: effect of pyridoxine and Aegle marmelose. Brain Res. Bull. 82, 87–94.10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.02.005Search in Google Scholar
Acar, A., Akil, E., Alp, H., Evliyaoglu, O., Kibrisli, E., Inal, A., Unan, F., and Tasdemir, N. (2012). Oxidative damage is ameliorated by curcumin treatment in brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. Int. J. Neurosci. 122, 367–372.10.3109/00207454.2012.657380Search in Google Scholar
Air, E.L. and Kissela, B.M. (2007). Diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and ischemic stroke epidemiology and possible mechanisms. Diab. Care 30, 3131–3140.10.2337/dc06-1537Search in Google Scholar
Akbay, P., Basaran, A.A., Undeger, U., and Basaran, N. (2003). In vitro immunomodulatory activity of flavonoid glycosides from Urtica dioica L. Phytotherapy Res. 17, 34–37.10.1002/ptr.1068Search in Google Scholar
Alberti, K.G. and Zimmet, P.Z. (1998). Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Med. 15, 539–553.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-SSearch in Google Scholar
Alemdar, S. and Agaoglu, S. (2009). Investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera juice. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8, 99–102.Search in Google Scholar
Alipour, M., Salehi, I., and Soufi, F.G. (2012). Effect of exercise on diabetes-induced oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Iran. Red Crescent Med. J. 14, 222–228.Search in Google Scholar
Anderson, R.J., Freedland, K.E., Clouse, R.E., and Lustman, P.J. (2001). The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes a meta-analysis. Diab. Care 24, 1069–1078.10.2337/diacare.24.6.1069Search in Google Scholar
Anjaneyulu, M., Chopra, K., and Kaur, I. (2003). Antidepressant activity of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J. Med. Food 6, 391–395.10.1089/109662003772519976Search in Google Scholar
Antonelli, A., Ferrari, S.M., Giuggioli, D., Di Domenicantonio, A., Ruffilli, I., Corrado, A., Fabiani, S., Marchi, S., Ferri, C., and Ferrannini, E. (2014). Hepatitis C virus infection and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J. Diab. 5, 586–600.10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.586Search in Google Scholar
Arrick, D.M., Sun, H., Patel, K.P., and Mayhan, W.G. (2011). Chronic resveratrol treatment restores vascular responsiveness of cerebral arterioles in type 1 diabetic rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circulatory Physiol. 301, H696–H703.10.1152/ajpheart.00312.2011Search in Google Scholar
Ashafaq, M., Varshney, L., Khan, M.H.A., Salman, M., Naseem, M., Wajid, S., and Parvez, S. (2014). Neuromodulatory effects of hesperidin in mitigating oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetes. BioMed Res. Int. 2014, 249031.10.1155/2014/249031Search in Google Scholar
Association, A.D. (2014). Standards of medical care in diabetes–2014. Diab. Care 37, S14–S80.10.2337/dc14-S014Search in Google Scholar
Ates, O., Cayli, S.R., Yucel, N., Altinoz, E., Kocak, A., Durak, M.A., Turkoz, Y., and Yologlu, S. (2007). Central nervous system protection by resveratrol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Clin. Neurosci. 14, 256–260.10.1016/j.jocn.2005.12.010Search in Google Scholar
Ayaz, E. and Alpsoy, H. (2006). Garlic (Allium sativum) and traditional medicine. Acta Parasitologica Turcica/Turkish Soc. Parasitology 31, 145–149.Search in Google Scholar
Ayyanar, M. and Subash-Babu, P. (2012). Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pacific J. Trop. Biomed. 2, 240–246.10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60050-1Search in Google Scholar
Bagatini, P.B., Xavier, L.L., Neves, L.T., Saur, L., Barbosa, S., Baptista, P.P., Augustin, O.A., de Senna, P.N., Mestriner, R.G., and Souto, A.A. (2014). Resveratrol prevents akinesia and restores neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta of diabetic rats. Brain Res. 1592, 101–112.10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ballabh, B., Chaurasia, O., Ahmed, Z., and Singh, S.B. (2008). Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh-used against kidney and urinary disorders. J. Ethnopharmacol. 118, 331–339.10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Baluchnejadmojarad, T. and Roghani, M. (2011). Chronic epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats via modulation of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Behav. Brain Res. 224, 305–310.10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Bhandari, P.R. (2012). Pomegranate (Punica granatum L). Ancient seeds for modern cure? Review of potential therapeutic applications. Int. J. Nutrition Pharmacol. Neurol. Dis. 2, 171–184.10.4103/2231-0738.99469Search in Google Scholar
Bhargava, V. (2011). Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus linn (saffron). Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3, 22–26.Search in Google Scholar
Bhutada, P., Mundhada, Y., Bansod, K., Bhutada, C., Tawari, S., Dixit, P., and Mundhada, D. (2010). Ameliorative effect of quercetin on memory dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurobiol. Learn. Memory 94, 293–302.10.1016/j.nlm.2010.06.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Bournival, J., Francoeur, M.A., Renaud, J., and Martinoli, M.G. (2012). Quercetin and sesamin protect neuronal PC12 cells from high-glucose-induced oxidation, nitrosative stress, and apoptosis. Rejuvenation Res. 15, 322–333.10.1089/rej.2011.1242Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Calabrese, C., Gregory, W.L., Leo, M., Kraemer, D., Bone, K., and Oken, B. (2008). Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Alternative Complementary Med. 14, 707–713.10.1089/acm.2008.0018Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Cambay, Z., Baydas, G., Tuzcu, M., and Bal, R. (2011). Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) flower improves learning and memory performances impaired by diabetes mellitus in rats. Acta Physiologica Hungarica 98, 409–420.10.1556/APhysiol.98.2011.4.4Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Can, Ö.D., Öztürk, Y., Öztürk, N., Sagratini, G., Ricciutelli, M., Vittori, S., and Maggi, F. (2011). Effects of treatment with St. John’s wort on blood glucose levels and pain perceptions of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 82, 576–584.10.1016/j.fitote.2011.01.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Celikyurt, I.K., Mutlu, O., Ulak, G., Uyar, E., Bektaş, E., Akar, F.Y., Erden, F., and Tarkun, I. (2014). Exenatide treatment exerts anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like effects and reverses neuropathy in a mouse model of type-2 diabetes. Med. Sci. Monitor Basic Res. 20, 112–117.10.12659/MSMBR.891168Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Chang, H.K., Jang, M.H., Lim, B.V., Lee, T.H., Shin, M.C., Shin, M.S., Kim, H., Kim, Y.P., Kim, E.H. and Kim, C.J. (2004). Administration of Ginseng radix decreases nitric oxide synthase expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am. J. Chin. Med. 32, 497–507.10.1142/S0192415X04002144Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Chatuphonprasert, W., Lao-ong, T., and Jarukamjorn, K. (2014). Improvement of superoxide dismutase and catalase in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2-diabetes in mice by berberine and glibenclamide. Pharm. Biol. 52, 419–427.10.3109/13880209.2013.839714Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Chougala, M.B., Bhaskar, J.J., Rajan, M., and Salimath, P.V. (2012). Effect of curcumin and quercetin on lysosomal enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin. Nutr. 31, 749–755.10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Cragg, G.M. and Newman, D.J. (2013). Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1830, 3670–3695.10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Cunha, R.A. and Agostinho, P.M. (2010). Chronic caffeine consumption prevents memory disturbance in different animal models of memory decline. J. Alzheimers. Dis. 20, S95–S116.10.3233/JAD-2010-1408Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Da Costa, A.V., Calábria, L.K., Furtado, F.B., de Gouveia, N.M., da Silva Oliveira, R.J., de Oliveira, V.N., Beletti, M.E., and Espindola, F.S. (2013). Neuroprotective effects of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk (Sapotaceae) extract on the brains of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Metab. Brain Dis. 28, 411–419.10.1007/s11011-013-9390-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Danaei, G., Finucane, M., Lu, Y., Singh, G., Cowan, M., Paciorek, C., Lin, J., Farzadfar, F., Khang, Y. and Stevens, G. (2011). Global burden of metabolic risk factors of chronic diseases collaborating group (blood glucose) national, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. Lancet 378, 31–40.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60679-XSearch in Google Scholar
De Mesquita, M., Grellier, P., Mambu, L., De Paula, J., and Espindola, L. (2007). In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants used as traditional remedies. J. Ethnopharmacol. 110, 165–170.10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Degmečić, D., Bačun, T., Kovač, V., Mioč, J., Horvat, J., and Včev, A. (2014). Depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus–a study of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Osijek, Croatia. Collegium Antropologicum 38, 711–716.Search in Google Scholar
Demir, E.A., Gergerlioglu, H.S., and Oz, M. (2016). Antidepressant-like effects of quercetin in diabetic rats are independent of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 28, 23–30.10.1017/neu.2015.45Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Duarte, J., Carvalho, R.A., Cunha, R.A., and Gruetter, R. (2009). Caffeine consumption attenuates neurochemical modifications in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Neurochem. 111, 368–379.10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06349.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Duarte, J., Agostinho, P.M., Carvalho, R.A., and Cunha, R.A. (2012). Caffeine consumption prevents diabetes-induced memory impairment and synaptotoxicity in the hippocampus of NONcZNO10/LTJ mice. PLoS One 7, e21899.10.1371/journal.pone.0021899Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Egede, L.E. and Ellis, C. (2010). Diabetes and depression: global perspectives. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 87, 302–312.10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Egede, L.E., Zheng, D., and Simpson, K. (2002). Comorbid depression is associated with increased health care use and expenditures in individuals with diabetes. Diab. Care 25, 464–470.10.2337/diacare.25.3.464Search in Google Scholar PubMed
El-Akabawy, G. and El-Kholy, W. (2014). Neuroprotective effect of ginger in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An. Anat. 196, 119–128.10.1016/j.aanat.2014.01.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
El-Demerdash, F., Yousef, M., and El-Naga, N.A. (2005). Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 43, 57–63.10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
El-Marasy, S.A., Abdallah, H.M., El-Shenawy, S.M., El-Khatib, A.S., El-Shabrawy, O.A., and Kenawy, S.A. (2014). Anti-depressant effect of hesperidin in diabetic rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 92, 945–952.10.1139/cjpp-2014-0281Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Fazeli, S., Gharravi, A., Ghafari, S., Jahanshahi, M., and Golalipour, M. (2008). The granule cell density of the dentate gyrus following administration of Urtica dioica extract to young diabetic rats. Folia Morphologica 67, 196–204.Search in Google Scholar
Forouhi, N.G. and Wareham, N.J. (2014). Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon) 42, 698–702.10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.09.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Franco-Robles, E., Campos-Cervantes, A., Murillo-Ortiz, B.O., Segovia, J., López-Briones, S., Vergara, P., Pérez-Vázquez, V., Solís-Ortiz, M.S., and Ramírez-Emiliano, J. (2013). Effects of curcumin on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and oxidative damage in obesity and diabetes. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 39, 211–218.10.1139/apnm-2013-0133Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Gao, C., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Ding, J., and Li, L. (2014). Geniposide ameliorates learning memory deficits, reduces tau phosphorylation and decreases apoptosis via GSK3β pathway in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer rat model. Brain Pathol. 24, 261–269.10.1111/bpa.12116Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Ghaisas, M., Navghare, V., Takawale, A., Zope, V., Tanwar, M., and Deshpande, A. (2009). Effect of Tectona grandis Linn. on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 122, 304–307.10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Gireesh, G., Reas, S.K., Jobin, M., and Paulose, C.S. (2008). Decreased muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Aegle marmelose leaf extract’s therapeutic function. J. Ethnopharmacol. 116, 296–304.10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Golden, S.H., Lazo, M., Carnethon, M., Bertoni, A.G., Schreiner, P.J., Roux, A.V.D., Lee, H.B., and Lyketsos, C. (2008). Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 299, 2751–2759.10.1001/jama.299.23.2751Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Hasanein, P. and Shahidi, S. (2011). Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Phytother. Res. 25, 544–549.10.1002/ptr.3298Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Hosseinzadeh, H. and Noraei, N.B. (2009). Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Phytother. Res. 23, 768–774.10.1002/ptr.2597Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Hu, G., Jousilahti, P., Bidel, S., Antikainen, R., and Tuomilehto, J. (2007). Type 2 diabetes and the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Diab. Care 30, 842–847.10.2337/dc06-2011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Huang, C.W., Lai, M.C., Cheng, J.T., Tsai, J.J., Huang, C.C., and Wu, S.N. (2013). Pregabalin attenuates excitotoxicity in diabetes. PLoS One 8, e65154.10.1371/journal.pone.0065154Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Huang, C.W., Hong, T.W., Wang, Y.J., Chen, K.C., Pei, J.C., Chuang, T.Y., Lai, W.S., Tsai, S.H., Chu, R., Chen, W.C., et al. (2016). Ophiocordyceps formosana improves hyperglycemia and depression-like behavior in an STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 16, 310.10.1186/s12906-016-1278-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Husain, G.M., Chatterjee, S.S., Singh, P.N., and Kumar, V. (2011). Beneficial effect of Hypericum perforatum on depression and anxiety in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 68, 913–918.Search in Google Scholar
Ibtissem, B., Abdelly, C., and Sfar, S. (2012). Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Carpobrotus edulis extracts. Adv. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2, 359–365.10.4236/aces.2012.23042Search in Google Scholar
Imtiyaz, S., Rahman, K., Sultana, A., Tariq, M., and Chaudhary, S.S. (2013). Zingiber officinale Rosc.: a traditional herb with medicinal properties. Tang [Humanitas Medicine] 3, 26.1–26.7.10.5667/tang.2013.0009Search in Google Scholar
Jahanshahi, M., Golalipour, M., and Afshar, M. (2009). The effect of Urtica dioica extract on the number of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of diabetic rats. Folia Morphologica 68, 93–97.Search in Google Scholar
Jang, M.H., Kim, H., Shin, M.C., Lim, B.V., Lee, T.H., Jung, S.B., Kim, C.J., and Kim, E.H. (2002). Administration of Folium mori extract decreases nitric oxide synthase expression in the hypothalamus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 90, 189–192.10.1254/jjp.90.189Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Jang, M.H., Chang, H.K., Shin, M.C., Lee, T.H., Kim, Y.P., Kim, E.H., and Kim, C.J. (2003). Effect of ginseng radix on c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 91, 149–152.10.1254/jphs.91.149Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Jatwa, R., Parmar, H.S., Panda, S., and Kar, A. (2007). Amelioration of corticosteroid-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus by rosiglitazone is possibly mediated through stimulation of thyroid function and inhibition of tissue lipid peroxidation in mice. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 101, 177–180.10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00113.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Jayanarayanan, S., Smijin, S., Peeyush, K., Anju, T., and Paulose, C. (2013). NMDA and AMPA receptor mediated excitotoxicity in cerebral cortex of streptozotocin induced diabetic rat: ameliorating effects of curcumin. Chem. Biol. Interact. 201, 39–48.10.1016/j.cbi.2012.11.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Jeon, B.T., Jeong, E.A., Shin, H.J., Lee, Y., Lee, D.H., Kim, H.J., Kang, S.S., Cho, G.J., Choi, W.S., and Roh, G.S. (2012). Resveratrol attenuates obesity-associated peripheral and central inflammation and improves memory deficit in mice fed a high-fat diet. Diabetes 61, 1444–1454.10.2337/db11-1498Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Jiang, L.Y., Tang, S.S., Wang, X.Y., Liu, L.P., Long, Y., Hu, M., Liao, M.X., Ding, Q.L., Hu, W., and Li, J.C. (2012). PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reverses memory impairment and biochemical changes in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. CNS Neurosci. Therapeutics 18, 659–666.10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00341.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Jiang, B., Le, L., Pan, H., Hu, K., Xu, L., and Xiao, P. (2014). Dihydromyricetin ameliorates the oxidative stress response induced by methylglyoxal via the AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Brain Res. Bull. 109, 117–126.10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Jing, Y.H., Chen, K.H., Kuo, P.C., Pao, C.C., and Chen, J.K. (2013). Neurodegeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is attenuated by treatment with resveratrol. Neuroendocrinology 98, 116–127.10.1159/000350435Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Joshi, B.C., Mukhija, M., and Kalia, A.N. (2014). Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. Int. J. Green Pharm. 8, 201–209.10.4103/0973-8258.142669Search in Google Scholar
Kade, I. and Rocha, J. (2013). Gallic acid modulates cerebral oxidative stress conditions and activities of enzyme-dependent signaling systems in streptozotocin-treated rats. Neurochem. Res. 38, 761–771.10.1007/s11064-013-0975-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kala, C.P. (2006). Ethnobotany and ethnoconservation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. Indian J. Traditional Knowl. 5, 537–540.Search in Google Scholar
Kalalian-Moghaddam, H., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., Roghani, M., Goshadrou, F., and Ronaghi, A. (2013). Hippocampal synaptic plasticity restoration and anti-apoptotic effect underlie berberine improvement of learning and memory in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 698, 259–266.10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.020Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kamalakkannan, N. and Prince, P.S.M. (2006). Rutin improves the antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 293, 211–219.10.1007/s11010-006-9244-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kapoor, R., Srivastava, S., and Kakkar, P. (2009). Bacopa monnieri modulates antioxidant responses in brain and kidney of diabetic rats. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 27, 62–69.10.1016/j.etap.2008.08.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kim, H., Jang, M.H., Shin, M.C., Chang, H.K., Lee, T.H., Lim, B.V., Jung, C.Y., Lee, C.Y., Kim, E.H., and Kim, C.J. (2003). Folium mori increases cell proliferation and neuropeptide Y expression in dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 434–437.10.1248/bpb.26.434Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kim, J.H., Chung, H.S., Kang, M., Kim, Y., Kim, B.S., Kim, Y.S., and Bae, H. (2011). Anti-diabetic effect of standardized herbal formula PM021 consisting of Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus on type II diabetic Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 93, 198–204.10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.037Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kuhad, A. and Chopra, K. (2007). Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats: behavioral and biochemical evidences. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 576, 34–42.10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kumar, T.P., Antony, S., Gireesh, G., George, N., and Paulose, C. (2010). Curcumin modulates dopaminergic receptor, CREB and phospholipase c gene expression in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J. Biomed. Sci. 17, 43.10.1186/1423-0127-17-43Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Kumar, T.P., Antony, S., Soman, S., Kuruvilla, K.P., George, N., and Paulose, C. (2011a). Role of curcumin in the prevention of cholinergic mediated cortical dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 331, 1–10.10.1016/j.mce.2010.07.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kumar, V., Thakur, A.K., Barothia, N.D., and Chatterjee, S.S. (2011b). Therapeutic potentials of Brassica juncea: an overview. Tang 1, 8–23.10.5667/tang.2011.0005Search in Google Scholar
Kumar, P., Kale, R., McLean, P., and Baquer, N. (2012). Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in diabetic rat brain. Prague Med. Rep. 113, 33–43.10.14712/23362936.2015.35Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kumar, P.T., George, N., Antony, S., and Paulose, C.S. (2013). Curcumin restores diabetes induced neurochemical changes in the brain stem of Wistar rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 702, 323–331.10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Kumar, P., Taha, A., Kumar, N., Kumar, V., and Baquer, N.Z. (2015). Sodium orthovanadate and Trigonella Foenum Graecum prevents neuronal parameters decline and impaired glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rats. Prague Med. Rep. 116, 122–138.10.14712/23362936.2015.51Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lakshmanan, A.P., Watanabe, K., Thandavarayan, R.A., Sari, F.R., Meilei, H., Soetikno, V., Arumugam, S., Giridharan, V.V., Suzuki, K., and Kodama, M. (2011). Curcumin attenuates hyperglycaemia-mediated AMPK activation and oxidative stress in cerebrum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Free Radic. Res. 45, 788–795.10.3109/10715762.2011.579121Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Latha, M. and Pari, L. (2003). Preventive effects of Cassia auriculata L. flowers on brain lipid peroxidation in rats treated with streptozotocin. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 243, 23–28.10.1023/A:1021697311150Search in Google Scholar
Lee, B.H., Lee, C.C., and Wu, S.C. (2014). Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) improves hyperglycaemia and memory impairments in a Wistar rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 94, 2266–2273.10.1002/jsfa.6552Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Li, R., Zang, A., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Zhao, L., Qi, Z., and Wang, H. (2014). Chrysin ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in Wistar rats. Neurol. Sci. 35, 1527–1532.10.1007/s10072-014-1784-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lim, B.V., Shin, M.C., Jang, M.H., Lee, T.H., Kim, Y.P., Kim, H.B., Lee, K.S., Kim, H., Kim, E.H., and Kim, C.J. (2002). Ginseng radix increases cell proliferation in dentate gyrus of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25, 1550–1554.10.1248/bpb.25.1550Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Limpeanchob, N., Jaipan, S., Rattanakaruna, S., Phrompittayarat, W., and Ingkaninan, K. (2008). Neuroprotective effect of Bacopa monnieri on beta-amyloid-induced cell death in primary cortical culture. J. Ethnopharmacol. 120, 112–117.10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.039Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, Y.W., Zhu, X., Lu, Q., Wang, J.Y., Li, W., Wei, Y.Q., and Yin, X.X. (2012). Total saponins from Rhizoma Anemarrhenae ameliorate diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats: involvement of amyloid-beta decrease in brain. J. Ethnopharmacol. 139, 194–200.10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Deng, X., and Yin, F. (2013a). Geniposide decreases the level of Aβ1–42 in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 45, 787–791.10.1093/abbs/gmt069Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, Y., Tian, X., Gou, L., Sun, L., Ling, X., and Yin, X. (2013b). Luteolin attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 94, 23–29.10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.02.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, Y., Fu, X., Lan, N., Li, S., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Li, C., Shang, Y., Huang, T., and Zhang, L. (2014). Luteolin protects against high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in obesity mice. Behav. Brain Res. 267, 178–188.10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.040Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, W., Li, G., Hölscher, C., and Li, L. (2015). Neuroprotective effects of geniposide from Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 371–283.Search in Google Scholar
Lu, M., Xu, L., Li, B., Zhang, W., Zhang, C., Feng, H., Cui, X., and Gao, H. (2010). Protective Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulating AGEs/RAGE/NF- KAPPA- B pathway. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminology 56, 87–97.10.3177/jnsv.56.87Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lu, J., Wu, D.M., Zheng, Z.H., Zheng, Y.L., Hu, B., and Zhang, Z.F. (2011). Troxerutin protects against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Brain 134, 783–797.10.1093/brain/awq376Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Luo, S., Meier, A.H., and Cincotta, A.H. (1998). Bromocriptine reduces obesity, glucose intolerance and extracellular monoamine metabolite levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus of Syrian hamsters. Neuroendocrinology 68, 1–10.10.1159/000054344Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lupien, S.B., Bluhm, E.J., and Ishii, D.N. (2003). Systemic insulin-like growth factor-I administration prevents cognitive impairment in diabetic rats, and brain IGF regulates learning/memory in normal adult rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 74, 512–523.10.1002/jnr.10791Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Lustman, P.J., Griffith, L.S., and Clouse, R.E. (1988). Depression in adults with diabetes: results of 5-yr follow-up study. Diab. Care 11, 605–612.10.2337/diacare.11.8.605Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Mahadevan, S. and Park, Y. (2008). Multifaceted therapeutic benefits of Ginkgo biloba L.: chemistry, efficacy, safety, and uses. J. Food Sci. 73, R14–R19.10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00597.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Maher, P., Dargusch, R., Ehren, J.L., Okada, S., Sharma, K., and Schubert, D. (2011). Fisetin lowers methylglyoxal dependent protein glycation and limits the complications of diabetes. PLoS One 6, e21226.10.1371/journal.pone.0021226Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Malhotra, S. and Singh, A.P. (2003). Medicinal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Natural Product Radiance 2, 296–301.Search in Google Scholar
Mali, R.G. (2010). Cleome viscosa (wild mustard): a review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Pharm. Biol. 48, 105–112.10.3109/13880200903114209Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Malik, Z.A., Singh, M., and Sharma, P. (2011). Neuroprotective effect of Momordica charantia in global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion induced neuronal damage in diabetic mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 133, 729–734.10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.061Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Manosi, S., Mandal, S., Mallick, B., and Hazra, J. (2013). Ethnobotany, Phytochemical and pharmacological aspect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 4, 58–63.Search in Google Scholar
Mao, X.Y., Cao, D.F., Li, X., Yin, J.Y., Wang, Z.B., Zhang, Y., Mao, C.X., Zhou, H.H., and Liu, Z.Q. (2014). Huperzine A ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, 7667–7683.10.3390/ijms15057667Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Marrazzo, G., Bosco, P., La Delia, F., Scapagnini, G., Di Giacomo, C., Malaguarnera, M., Galvano, F., Nicolosi, A., and Volti, G.L. (2011). Neuroprotective effect of silibinin in diabetic mice. Neurosci. Lett. 504, 252–256.10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.041Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Mathada, R.V., Jevoor, P.S., and Ravishankar, R. (2012). Effect of Clitoria ternatea linn plant root extract on the hippocampal area Ca 3 and pancreas of juvenile diabetic rats–a preliminary investigation. Spatula DD-Peer Reviewed J. Complementary Med. Drug Discovery 2, 9–16.10.5455/spatula.20120119052120Search in Google Scholar
Mathers, C.D. and Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 3, e442.10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Miao, M., Cheng, B., and Li, M. (2015). Effect of curcumin on diabetic rat model of cerebral ischemia. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 28, 401–405.Search in Google Scholar
Mirshekar, M., Roghani, M., Khalili, M., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., and Moazzen, S.A. (2010). Chronic oral pelargonidin alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic hyperalgesia in rat: involvement of oxidative stress. Iran. Biomed. J. 14, 33.Search in Google Scholar
Mnafgui, K., Kaanich, F., Derbali, A., Hamden, K., Derbali, F., Slama, S., Allouche, N., and Elfeki, A. (2013). Inhibition of key enzymes related to diabetes and hypertension by Eugenol in vitro and in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 119, 225–233.10.3109/13813455.2013.822521Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Moghaddam, H.K., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., Roghani, M., Goshadrou, F., and Ronaghi, A. (2013). Berberine chloride improved synaptic plasticity in STZ induced diabetic rats. Metab. Brain Dis. 28, 421–428.10.1007/s11011-013-9411-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Moghaddam, H.K., Baluchnejadmojarad, T., Roghani, M., Khaksari, M., Norouzi, P., Ahooie, M., and Mahboobi, F. (2014). Berberine ameliorate oxidative stress and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Mol. Neurobiol. 49, 820–826.10.1007/s12035-013-8559-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Mousavi, S.M., Niazmand, S., Hosseini, M., Hassanzadeh, Z., Sadeghnia, H.R., Vafaee, F., and Keshavarzi, Z. (2015). Beneficial effects of Teucrium polium and metformin on diabetes-induced memory impairments and brain tissue oxidative damage in rats. Int. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2015, 493729.Search in Google Scholar
Moy, G.A. and McNay, E.C. (2013). Caffeine prevents weight gain and cognitive impairment caused by a high-fat diet while elevating hippocampal BDNF. Physiol. Behav. 109, 69–74.10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.11.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Nangle, M.R., Gibson, T.M., Cotter, M.A., and Cameron, N.E. (2006). Effects of eugenol on nerve and vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Planta Med. 72, 494–500.10.1055/s-2005-916262Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Nathiya, S., Durga, M., and Devasena, T. (2014). Therapeutic role of Trigonella foenum-graecum [Fenugreek]–a review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 27, 74–80.Search in Google Scholar
Noorbala, A., Akhondzadeh, S., Tahmacebi-Pour, N., and Jamshidi, A. (2005). Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial. J. Ethnopharmacol. 97, 281–284.10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Nouwen, A., Nefs, G., Caramlau, I., Connock, M., Winkley, K., Lloyd, C.E., Peyrot, M., and Pouwer, F. (2011). Prevalence of depression in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium. Diab. Care 34, 752–762.10.2337/dc10-1414Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Ola, M.S., Aleisa, A.M., Al-Rejaie, S.S., Abuohashish, H.M., Parmar, M.Y., Alhomida, A.S., and Ahmed, M.M. (2014). Flavonoid, morin inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation and enhances neurotrophic support in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurol. Sci. 35, 1003–1008.10.1007/s10072-014-1628-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ola, M.S., Ahmed, M.M., Ahmad, R., Abuohashish, H.M., Al-Rejaie, S.S., and Alhomida, A.S. (2015). Neuroprotective effects of rutin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. J. Mol. Neurosci. 56, 440–448.10.1007/s12031-015-0561-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Pan, Y., Hong, Y., Zhang, Q.Y., and Kong, L.D. (2013). Impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling in CUMS rats: restored by icariin and fluoxetine through inhibiting CRF system. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, 122–134.10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Pandey, S.P., Singh, H.K., and Prasad, S. (2015). Alterations in hippocampal oxidative stress, expression of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit and associated spatial memory loss by Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus type 2 mice. PLoS One 10, e0131862.10.1371/journal.pone.0131862Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Pari, L. and Latha, M. (2002). Effect of Cassia auriculata flowers on blood sugar levels, serum and tissue lipids in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Singapore Med. J. 43, 617–621.Search in Google Scholar
Parihar, M., Chaudhary, M., Shetty, R., and Hemnani, T. (2004). Susceptibility of hippocampus and cerebral cortex to oxidative damage in streptozotocin treated mice: prevention by extracts of Withania somnifera and Aloe vera. J. Clin. Neurosci. 11, 397–402.10.1016/j.jocn.2003.09.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Parihar, P., Shetty, R., Ghafourifar, P., and Parihar, M.S. (2016). Increase in oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in hypothalamus of streptozotocin treated diabetic rat: antioxidative effect of Withania somnifera. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 62, 73–83.Search in Google Scholar
Park, C.H., Park, S.K., Seung, T.W., Jin, D.E., Guo, T., and Heo, H.J. (2015). Effect of Ginseng (Panax ginseng) berry EtOAc fraction on cognitive impairment in C57BL/6 mice under high-fat diet inducement. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2015, 316527.10.1155/2015/316527Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Patel, S.S. and Udayabanu, M. (2013). Effect of Urtica dioica on memory dysfunction and hypoalgesia in an experimental model of diabetic neuropathy. Neurosci. Lett. 552, 114–119.10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.029Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Patel, S.S. and Udayabanu, M. (2014). Urtica dioica extract attenuates depressive like behavior and associative memory dysfunction in dexamethasone induced diabetic mice. Metab. Brain Dis. 29, 121–130.10.1007/s11011-014-9480-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Patel, S.S., Mehta, V., Changotra, H., and Malairaman, U. (2015a). Depression mediates impaired glucose tolerance and cognitive dysfunction: a neuromodulatory role of rosiglitazone. Hormones Behav. 78, 200–210.10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Patel, S.S., Parashar, A., and Udayabanu, M. (2015b). Urtica dioica leaves modulates muscarinic cholinergic system in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metab. Brain Dis. 30, 803–811.10.1007/s11011-014-9646-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Patel, S.S., Gupta, S., and Udayabanu, M. (2016). Urtica dioica modulates hippocampal insulin signaling and recognition memory deficit in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Metab. Brain Dis. 31, 601–11.10.1007/s11011-016-9791-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Peeyush, K.T., Gireesh, G., Jobin, M., and Paulose, C. (2009). Neuroprotective role of curcumin in the cerebellum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci. 85, 704–710.10.1016/j.lfs.2009.09.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Petersen, K.F. and Shulman, G.I. (2006). Etiology of insulin resistance. Am. J. Med. 119, S10–S16.10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Poon, P., Wong, C., Fung, K., Fong, C., Wong, E., Lau, J., Leung, P., Tsui, S., Wan, D., and Waye, M. (2006). Immunomodulatory effects of a traditional Chinese medicine with potential antiviral activity: a self-control study. Am. J. Chin. Med. 34, 13–21.10.1142/S0192415X0600359XSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Prabhakar, O. (2013). Cerebroprotective effect of resveratrol through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 386, 705–710.10.1007/s00210-013-0871-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Prasad, S.N. and Bharath, M.S. (2016). Neurorestorative effects of eugenol, a spice bioactive: evidence in cell model and its efficacy as an intervention molecule to abrogate brain oxidative dysfunctions in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. Neurochem. Int. 95, 24–36.10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.012Search in Google Scholar
Prasanna, R., Harish, C., Pichai, R., Sakthisekaran, D., and Gunasekaran, P. (2009). Anti-cancer effect of Cassia auriculata leaf extract in vitro through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in human breast and larynx cancer cell lines. Cell Biol. Int. 33, 127–134.10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.10.006Search in Google Scholar
Precechtelova, J., Borsanyiova, M., Sarmirova, S., and Bopegamage, S. (2014). Type I diabetes mellitus: genetic factors and presumptive enteroviral etiology or protection. J. Pathog. 2014, 738512.10.1155/2014/738512Search in Google Scholar
Prince, P. and Kannan, N. (2006). Protective effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, lipid metabolizing enzymes and glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58, 1373–1383.10.1211/jpp.58.10.0011Search in Google Scholar
Prince, P.S.M., Kamalakkannan, N., and Menon, V.P. (2003). Syzigium cumini seed extracts reduce tissue damage in diabetic rat brain. J. Ethnopharmacol. 84, 205–209.10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00316-1Search in Google Scholar
Prince, M., Stanely, P., Kumar, M., and Selvakumari, C. (2011). Effects of gallic acid on brain lipid peroxide and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 25, 101–107.10.1002/jbt.20365Search in Google Scholar
Rajagopal, S.K., Manickam, P., Periyasamy, V., and Namasivayam, N. (2003). Activity of Cassia auriculata leaf extract in rats with alcoholic liver injury. J. Nutr. Biochem. 14, 452–458.10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00053-6Search in Google Scholar
Ramkumar, K.M., Latha, M., Venkateswaran, S., Pari, L., Ananthan, R., and Bai, V.N. (2004). Modulatory effect of Gymnema montanum leaf extract on brain antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. J. Med. Food 7, 366–371.10.1089/jmf.2004.7.366Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ramkumar, K.M., Latha, M., Ashokkumar, N., Pari, L., and Ananthan, R. (2005). Modulation of impaired cholinesterase activity in experimental diabetes: effect of Gymnema montanum leaf extract. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 16, 17–36.10.1515/JBCPP.2005.16.1.17Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ramkumar, K.M., Manjula, C., Sankar, L., Suriyanarayanan, S., and Rajaguru, P. (2009). Potential in vitro antioxidant and protective effects of Gymnema montanum H. on alloxan-induced oxidative damage in pancreatic β-cells, HIT-T15. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47, 2246–2256.10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Ramkumar, K., Manjula, C., Elango, B., Krishnamurthi, K., Saravana Devi, S., and Rajaguru, P. (2013). In vitro cytotoxicity of Gymnema montanum in human leukaemia HL-60 cells; induction of apoptosis by mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Cell. Prolif. 46, 263–271.10.1111/cpr.12033Search in Google Scholar
Rao, B.S., Reddy, K.E., Parveen, K., Narendra, B.L., Shekhar, S.C., and Mangala, L. (2014). Effects of Cleome viscosa on hyperalgesia, oxidative stress and lipid profile in STZ induced diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 27, 1137–1145.Search in Google Scholar
Rasekh, H., Khoshnood-Mansourkhani, M., and Kamalinejad, M. (2001). Hypolipidemic effects of Teucrium polium in rats. Fitoterapia 72, 937–939.10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00348-3Search in Google Scholar
Raza, H., Ahmed, I., John, A., and Sharma, A.K. (2000). Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with Momordica charantia fruit extract. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 14, 131–139.10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(2000)14:3<131::AID-JBT2>3.0.CO;2-QSearch in Google Scholar
Sabu, M. and Kuttan, R. (2004). Antidiabetic activity of Aegle marmelos and its relationship with its antioxidant properties. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 48, 81–88.Search in Google Scholar
Sadi, G. and Konat, D. (2016). Resveratrol regulates oxidative biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm. Biol. 54, 1156–1163.10.3109/13880209.2015.1056311Search in Google Scholar
Samarghandian, S., Azimi-Nezhad, M., and Samini, F. (2014). Ameliorative effect of saffron aqueous extract on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress on diabetic encephalopathy in streptozotocin induced experimental diabetes mellitus. BioMed. Res. Int. 2014, 920857.10.1155/2014/920857Search in Google Scholar
Sanders, R.A., Rauscher, F.M., and Watkins, J.B. (2001). Effects of quercetin on antioxidant defense in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 15, 143–149.10.1002/jbt.11Search in Google Scholar
Saravanan, G. and Ponmurugan, P. (2012). Antidiabetic effect of S-allylcysteine: effect on thyroid hormone and circulatory antioxidant system in experimental diabetic rats. J. Diab. its Complications 26, 280–285.10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.03.024Search in Google Scholar
Sarkaki, A., Chehardacheric, S.V., Farbood, Y., Mansouri, S.M.T., Naghizadeh, B., and Basirian, E. (2013). Effects of fresh, aged and cooked garlic extracts on short-and long-term memory in diabetic rats. Avicenna J. Phytomedicine 3, 45–55.Search in Google Scholar
Sartorius, T., Peter, A., Schulz, N., Drescher, A., Bergheim, I., Machann, J., Schick, F., Siegel-Axel, D., Schurmann, A., and Weigert, C. (2014). Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity. PLoS One 9, e92358.10.1371/journal.pone.0092358Search in Google Scholar
Schario, M., Lünnemann, L., Stroux, A., Reisshauer, A., Zuberbier, T., Blume-Peytavi, U., and Garcia Bartels, N. (2014). Children with dry skin and atopic predisposition: daily use of emollients in a participant-blinded, randomized, prospective trial. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 27, 208–208.10.1159/000360546Search in Google Scholar
Scheen, A. (2003a). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Acta Clin. Belgica 58, 335–341.10.1179/acb.2003.58.6.001Search in Google Scholar
Scheen, A.J. (2003b). Treatment of type 2 diabetes. Acta Clin. Belgica 58, 318–324.10.1179/acb.2003.58.5.010Search in Google Scholar
Schmatz, R., Mazzanti, C.M., Spanevello, R., Stefanello, N., Gutierres, J., Corrêa, M., da Rosa, M.M., Rubin, M.A., Schetinger, M.R.C., and Morsch, V.M. (2009a). Resveratrol prevents memory deficits and the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 610, 42–48.10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.032Search in Google Scholar
Schmatz, R., Mazzanti, C.M., Spanevello, R., Stefanello, N., Gutierres, J., Maldonado, P.A., Corrêa, M., da Rosa, C.S., Becker, L., and Bagatini, M. (2009b). Ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and treated with resveratrol. Brain Res. Bull. 80, 371–376.10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.019Search in Google Scholar
Shahraki, M.R., Arab, M.R., Mirimokaddam, E., and Palan, M.J. (2007). The effect of Teucrium polium (Calpoureh) on liver function, serum lipids and glucose in diabetic male rats. Iran. Biomed. J. 11, 65–68.Search in Google Scholar
Shanmugam, K.R., Mallikarjuna, K., Kesireddy, N., and Reddy, K.S. (2011). Neuroprotective effect of ginger on anti-oxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 49, 893–897.10.1016/j.fct.2010.12.013Search in Google Scholar
Sharma, S., Kulkarni, S.K., Agrewala, J.N., and Chopra, K. (2006). Curcumin attenuates thermal hyperalgesia in a diabetic mouse model of neuropathic pain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 536, 256–261.10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.006Search in Google Scholar
Sharma, S., Kulkarni, S.K., and Chopra, K. (2007). Effect of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, on thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 89–94.10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00455.xSearch in Google Scholar
Shin, M.S., Kim, S.K., Kim, Y.S., Kim, S.E., Ko, I.G., Kim, Y.S., Kim, C.J., Kim, Y.M., Kim, B.K., and Kim, T.S. (2008). Aqueous extract of Anemarrhena rhizome increases cell proliferation and neuropeptide Y expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 79, 323–327.10.1016/j.fitote.2008.02.014Search in Google Scholar
Shrivastava, M. and Dwivedi, L. (2015). Therapeutic Potential of Hypericum Perforatum: a review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 6, 1000–1007.Search in Google Scholar
Shukia, R., Sharma, S., Puri, D., Prabhu, K., and Murthy, P. (2000). Medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 15, 169–177.10.1007/BF02867556Search in Google Scholar
Sindrup, S.H., Madsen, C., Bach, F.W., Gram, L.F., and Jensen, T.S. (2001). St. John’s wort has no effect on pain in polyneuropathy. Pain 91, 361–365.10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00457-7Search in Google Scholar
Solanki, R., Dubey, V., and Munshi, D. (2009). Neurocognitive impairment and comorbid depression in patients of diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Diab. Developing Countries 29, 133–138.10.4103/0973-3930.54291Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Song, C.G., Yang, X., Min, L.Q., Liu, C.X., and Zhao, C.S. (2014). The effect of procyanidin on expression of STAT1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus SD rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 35, 68–72.Search in Google Scholar
Srinivasan, S., Sathish, G., Jayanthi, M., Muthukumaran, J., Muruganathan, U., and Ramachandran, V. (2014). Ameliorating effect of eugenol on hyperglycemia by attenuating the key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 385, 159–168.10.1007/s11010-013-1824-2Search in Google Scholar
Stefanello, N., Schmatz, R., Pereira, L.B., Rubin, M.A., da Rocha, J.B.T., Facco, G., Pereira, M.E., de Andrade Mazzanti, C.M., Passamonti, S., and Rodrigues, M.V. (2014). Effects of chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and coffee on behavioral and biochemical parameters of diabetic rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 388, 277–286.10.1007/s11010-013-1919-9Search in Google Scholar
Stumvoll, M., Tschritter, O., Fritsche, A., Staiger, H., Renn, W., Weisser, M., Machicao, F., and Häring, H. (2002). Association of the TG Polymorphism in adiponectin (Exon 2) with obesity and insulin sensitivity interaction with family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51, 37–41.10.2337/diabetes.51.1.37Search in Google Scholar
Talpate, K.A., Bhosale, U.A., Zambare, M.R., and Somani, R.S. (2014). Neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Clitorea ternatea Linn.(Fabaceae) leaves on diabetes induced cognitive decline in experimental animals. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 6, 48–55.10.4103/0975-7406.124317Search in Google Scholar
Thakur, A.K., Chatterjee, S.S., and Kumar, V. (2013). Beneficial effects of Brassica juncea on cognitive functions in rats. Pharm. Biol. 51, 1304–1310.10.3109/13880209.2013.789917Search in Google Scholar
Thakur, A.K., Chatterjee, S.S., and Kumar, V. (2014). Antidepressant-like effects of Brassica juncea leaves in diabetic rodents. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 52, 613–622.Search in Google Scholar
Thirumalai, T., Therasa, S.V., Elumalai, E., and David, E. (2011). Hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea (seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rat. Asian Pacific J. Trop. Biomed. 1, 323–325.10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60052-XSearch in Google Scholar
Thomas, J., Garg, M.L., and Smith, D.W. (2014). Dietary resveratrol supplementation normalizes gene expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57Bl/6 mice. J. Nutr. Biochem. 25, 313–318.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Tohda, C., Kuboyama, T., and Komatsu, K. (2000). Dendrite extension by methanol extract of Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera) in SK-N-SH cells. Neuroreport 11, 1981–1985.10.1097/00001756-200006260-00035Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Umadevi, M., Rajeswari, R., Rahale, C.S., Selvavenkadesh, S., Pushpa, R., Kumar, K.S., and Bhowmik, D. (2012). Traditional and medicinal uses of Withania somnifera. Pharma Innovation 1, 102–110.Search in Google Scholar
Valsecchi, A.E., Franchi, S., Panerai, A.E., Rossi, A., Sacerdote, P., and Colleoni, M. (2011). The soy isoflavone genistein reverses oxidative and inflammatory state, neuropathic pain, neurotrophic and vasculature deficits in diabetes mouse model. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 650, 694–702.10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.060Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Vasudevan, D., Naik, M.M., and Mukaddam, Q.I. (2014). Efficacy and safety of methylcobalamin, alpha lipoic acid and pregabalin combination versus pregabalin monotherapy in improving pain and nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetes associated impaired peripheral neuropathic condition.[MAINTAIN]: results of a pilot study. Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. 17, 19–24.10.4103/0972-2327.128535Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Wagner, H., Bauer, R., Melchart, D., Xiao, P.G., and Staudinger, A., eds. (2011). Folium Mori Sangye. Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Herbal Medicines: Thin-layer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Drugs. (Vienna: Springer Vienna), pp. 549–557.10.1007/978-3-7091-0763-8_48Search in Google Scholar
Wang, S.B. and Jia, J.P. (2014). Oxymatrine attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in rats. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 35, 331–338.10.1038/aps.2013.158Search in Google Scholar
Wang, F., Yao, T., and Zeng, S. (2003). Determination of quercetin and kaempferol in human urine after orally administrated tablet of Ginkgo biloba extract by HPLC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 33, 317–321.10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00255-3Search in Google Scholar
Wang, L., Waltenberger, B., Pferschy-Wenzig, E.M., Blunder, M., Liu, X., Malainer, C., Blazevic, T., Schwaiger, S., Rollinger, J.M., and Heiss, E.H. (2014). Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): a review. Biochem. Pharmacol. 92, 73–89.10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Wang, Y.W., Hong, T.W., Tai, Y.L., Wang, Y.J., Tsai, S.H., Lien, P.T., Chou, T.H., Lai, J.Y., Chu, R., Ding, S.T., et al. (2015). Evaluation of an epitypified Ophiocordyceps formosana (Cordyceps s.l.) for tts pharmacological potential. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2015, 189891.Search in Google Scholar
WHO (2015). Global Health Estimates: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex and Country, 2000–2012 (Geneva, Switzerland: WHO).Search in Google Scholar
Xu, L., Li, B., Cheng, M., Zhang, W., Pan, J., Zhang, C., and Gao, H. (2008). Oral administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts downregulate RAGE dependant nuclear factor-kappa BP65 expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diab. 116, 215–224.10.1055/s-2007-993188Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Yadav, R., Arora, P., and Chaudhury, A. (2012). Plant secondary metabolites: from diseases to health. Front. Rec. Dev. Plant Sci. 1, 3–23.10.2174/978160805403911201010003Search in Google Scholar
Yaniv, Z., and Bachrach, U. (2005). Handbook of Medicinal Plants. (Binghamton, NY, USA: CRC Press).10.1201/9781482278026Search in Google Scholar
Yates, K.F., Sweat, V., Yau, P.L., Turchiano, M.M., and Convit, A. (2012). Impact of metabolic syndrome on cognition and brain a selected review of the literature. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis Vasc. Biol. 32, 2060–2067.10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.252759Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Yonguc, G.N., Dodurga, Y., Adiguzel, E., Gundogdu, G., Kucukatay, V., Ozbal, S., Yilmaz, I., Cankurt, U., Yilmaz, Y., and Akdogan, I. (2015). Grape seed extract has superior beneficial effects than vitamin E on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Gene 555, 119–126.10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.052Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zhang, Y., Yin, F., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Guo, L., Xia, Z., and Zidichouski, J. (2015). Geniposide attenuates insulin-deficiency-induced acceleration of β-amyloidosis in an APP/PS1 transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem. Int. 89, 7–16.10.1016/j.neuint.2015.04.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zhang, Y., Yin, F., Liu, J., and Liu, Z. (2016). Geniposide attenuates the phosphorylation of tau protein in cellular and insulin-deficient APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Chem. Biol. Drug Design 87, 409–418.10.1111/cbdd.12673Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zhao, J., Jin, K., Wu, L., Chen, G., and Li, J. (2012). Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba on learning and memory ability and NGF and NT-3 expression in diabetic rats. Chin. J. Appl. Physiol. 28, 467–471.Search in Google Scholar
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders
- Biological bases of human musicality
- Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: a systematic review
- Quantitative EEG in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review of the literature
- Effect of natural products on diabetes associated neurological disorders
- Leptin and adiponectin: pathophysiological role and possible therapeutic target of inflammation in ischemic stroke
- Epilepsy-associated alterations in hippocampal excitability
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of mood disorders
- Biological bases of human musicality
- Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: a systematic review
- Quantitative EEG in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review of the literature
- Effect of natural products on diabetes associated neurological disorders
- Leptin and adiponectin: pathophysiological role and possible therapeutic target of inflammation in ischemic stroke
- Epilepsy-associated alterations in hippocampal excitability