Developmental implications of children’s brain networks and learning

References

Abrams, D.A., Lynch, C.J., Cheng, K.M., Phillips, J., Supekar, K., Ryali, S., Uddin, L.Q., and Menon, V. (2013). Underconnectivity between voice-selective cortex and reward circuitry in children with autism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 12060–12065.10.1073/pnas.1302982110Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Alaerts, K., Woolley, D.G., Steyaert, J., Di Martino, A., Swinnen, S.P., and Wendoerth, N. (2014). Underconnectivity of the superior temporal sulcus predicts emotion recognition deficits in autism. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 9, 1589–1600.10.1093/scan/nst156Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Albert, N.B., Robertson, E.M., and Miall, R.S. (2009). The resting human brain and motor learning. Curr. Biol. 19, 1023–1027.10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.028Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Alcauter, S., Lin, W., Smith, J.K., Short, S.J., Goldman, B.D., Reznick, J.S., Gilmore, J.H., and Gao, W. (2014). Development of thalamocortical connectivity during infancy and its cognitive correlations. J. Neurosci. 34, 9067–9075.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0796-14.2014Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Alloway, T.P., Bibile, V., and Lau, G. (2013). Computerized working memory training: can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students? Comput. Hum. Behav. 29, 632–638.10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.023Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, J.S., Druzgal, T.J., Froehlich, A., DuBray, M.B., Lange, N., Alexander, A.L., Abildskov, T., Nielsen, J.A., Cariello, A.N., et al. (2011). Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism. Cereb. Cortex 21, 1134–1146.10.1093/cercor/bhq190Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Assaf, M., Jagannathan, K., Calhoun, V.D., Miller, L., Stevens, M.C., Sahl, R., O’Boyle, J.G., Schultz, R.T., and Pearlson, G.D. (2010). Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients. Neuroimage 53, 247–256.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.067Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Barber, A.D., Caffo, B.S., Pekar, J.J., and Mostofsky, S.H. (2013). Developmental changes in within- and between-network connectivity between late childhood and adulthood. Neuropsychologia 51, 156–167.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Barber, A.D., Jacobson, L.A., L.Wexler, J., Nebel, M.B., Caffo, B.S., Pekar, J.J., and Mostofsky, S.H. (2015). Connectivity supporting attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage Clin. 7, 68–81.10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Bos, D.J., van Raalten, T.R., Oranje, B., Smits, A.R., Kobussen, N.A., van Belle, J., Rombouts, S.A.R.B., and Durston, S. (2014). Developmental differences in higher-order resting-state networks in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimage Clin. 4, 820–827.10.1016/j.nicl.2014.05.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Bressler, S.L. and Menon, V. (2010). Large-scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles. Trends Cogn. Sci. 14, 277–290.10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.004Search in Google Scholar

Burghy, C.A., Stodola, D.E., Ruttle, P.L., Molloy, E.K., Armstrong, J.M., Oler, J.A., Fox, M.E., Hayes, A.S., Kalin, N.H., Essex, M.J., et al. (2012). Developmental pathways to amygdala-prefrontal function and internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Nat. Neurosci. 15, 1736–1741.10.1038/nn.3257Search in Google Scholar

Byrge, L., Sporns, O., and Smith, L.B. (2014). Developmental process emerges from extended brain-body-behavior networks. Trends Cogn. Sci., 18, 395–403.10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.010Search in Google Scholar

Cai, L., Chan, J.S.Y., Yan, J.H., and Peng, K. (2014). Brain plasticity and motor practice in cognitive aging. Front. Aging Neurosci. 6, 31.10.3389/fnagi.2014.00031Search in Google Scholar

Cao, M., Shu, N., Cao, Q., Wang, Y., and He, Y. (2014a). Imaging functional and structural brain connectomics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Mol. Neurobiol. 50, 1111–1123.10.1007/s12035-014-8685-xSearch in Google Scholar

Cao, M., Wang, J.-H., Dai, Z.-J., Cao, X.-Y., Jiang, L.-L., Fan, F.-M., Song, X.-W., Xia, M.-R., Shu, Ni, Dong, Q., et al. (2014b). Topological organization of the human brain functional connectome across the lifespan. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 7, 76–93.10.1016/j.dcn.2013.11.004Search in Google Scholar

Cao, Q., Zang, Y., Sun, L., Sui, M., Long, X., Zou, Q., and Wang, Y. (2006). Abnormal neural activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroreport 17, 1033–1036.10.1097/01.wnr.0000224769.92454.5dSearch in Google Scholar

Cao, X., Cao, Q., Long, X., Sun, L., Sui, M., Zhu, C., Zuo, X., Zang, Y., and Wang, Y. (2009). Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the putamen in medication-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Res. 1303, 195–206.10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.029Search in Google Scholar

Casey, B.J., Giedd, J.N., and Thomas, K.M. (2000). Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development. Biol. Psychol. 54(1–3), 241–257.10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00058-2Search in Google Scholar

Castellanos, F.X., Margulies, D.S., Kelly, C., Uddin, L.Q., Ghaffari, M., Kirsch, A., Shaw, D., Shehzad, Z., Di Martino, A., Biswal, B., et al. (2008). Cingulate-precuneus interactions: a new locus of dysfunction in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiat. 63, 332–337.10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chai, X.J., Ofen, N., Gabrieli, J.D., and Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. (2014). Selective development of anticorrelated networks in the intrinsic functional organization of the human brain. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 26, 501–513.10.1162/jocn_a_00517Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chan, J.S.Y., Luo, Y.J., Yan, J.H., Cai, L.Y., and Peng, K.P. (2015a). Children’s age modulates the effect of part and whole practice in motor learning. Hum. Movement Sci. 42, 261–272.10.1016/j.humov.2015.06.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Chan, J.S.Y., Wu, Q., Liang, D., and Yan, J.H. (2015b). Visuospatial working memory training facilitates visually-aided explicit sequence learning. Acta Psychol. 161, 145–153.10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.09.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Chapman, S.B., Aslan, S., Spence, J.S., Hart, J.J., Bartz, E.K., Didehbani, N., Keebler, M.W., Gardner, C.M., Strain, J.F., DeFina, L.F., et al. (2015). Neural mechanisms of brain plasticity with complex cognitive training in healthy seniors. Cereb. Cortex 25, 396–405.10.1093/cercor/bht234Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chen, J.L., Penhune, V.B., and Zatorre, R.J. (2008). Moving on time: brain network for auditory-motor synchronization is modulated by rhythm complexity and musical training. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 20, 226–239.10.1162/jocn.2008.20018Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Choi, J., Jeong, B., Lee, S.W., and Go, H. (2013). Aberrant development of functional connectivity among resting state-related functional networks in medication-naive ADHD children. PLoS One 8, e83516.10.1371/journal.pone.0083516Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Cocchi, L., Bramati, I.E., Zalesky, A., Furukawa, E., Fontenelle, L.F., Moll, J., Tripp. G., and Mattos, P. (2012). Altered functional brain connectivity in a non-clinical sample of young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Neurosci. 32, 17753–17761.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3272-12.2012Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Connolly, C.G., Wu, J., Ho, T.C., Hoeft, F., Wolkowitz, O., Eisendrath, S., Frank, G., Hendren, R., Max, J.E., Paulus, M.P., et al. (2013). Resting-state functional connectivity of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in depressed adolescents. Biol. Psychiat. 74, 898–907.10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Cullen, K.R., Westlund, M.K., Klimes-Dougan, B., Mueller, B.A., Houri, A., Eberly, L.E., and Lim, K.O. (2014). Abnormal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in adolescent depression. JAMA Psychiatry 71, 1138–1147.10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1087Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Damaraju, E., Caprihan, A., Lowe, J., Allen, E., Calhoun, V., and Phillips, J. (2014). Functional connectivity in the developing brain: a longitudinal study from 4 to 9 months of age. Neuroimage 84, 169–180.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Dayan, E. and Cohen, L.G. (2011). Neuroplasticity subserving motor skill learning. Neuron 72, 443–454.10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

de Bie, H.M.A., Boersma, M., Adriaanse, S., Veltman, D.J., Wink, A.M., Roosendaal, S.D., Barkhof, F., Stam, C.J., Oostrom, K.J., Delemarre-van de Waal, H.A., et al. (2010). Resting-state networks in awake five- to eight-year old children. Hum. Brain Mapp. 33, 1189–1201.10.1002/hbm.21280Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

De La Fuente, A., Xia, S., Branch, C., and Li, X. (2013). A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of brain networks. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 192.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00192Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Debas, K., Carrier, J., Barakat, M., Marrelec, G., Bellec, P., Tahar, A.H., Karni, A., Ungerleider, L.G., Benali, H., and Doyon, J. (2014). Off-line consolidation of motor sequence learning results in greater integration within a cortico-striatal functional network. Neuroimage 99, 50–58.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Dennis, E.L., Gotlib, I.H., Thompson, P.M., and Thomason, M.E. (2011). Anxiety modulates insula recruitment in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in youth and adults. Brain Connect. 1, 245–254.10.1089/brain.2011.0030Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Di Martino, A., Kelly, C., Grzadzinski, R., Zuo, X.N., Mennes, M., Mairena, M.A., Lord, C., Castellanos, F.X., and Milham, M.P. (2011). Aberrant striatal functional connectivity in children with autism. Biol. Psychiat. 69, 847–856.10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.029Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Diamond, A. (2000). Close interrelation of motor development and cognitive development and of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Child Dev. 71, 44–56.10.1111/1467-8624.00117Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Dickstein, D.P., Gorrostieta, C., Ombao, H., Goldberg, L.D., Brazel, A.C., Gable, C.J., Kelly, C., Gee, D.G., Zuo, X.-N., Castellanos, F.X., et al. (2010). Fronto-temporal spontaneous resting state functional connectivity in pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiat. 68, 839–846.10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.029Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Doria, V., Beckmann, C.F., Arichi, T., Merchant, N., Groppo, M., Turkheimer, F.E., Counsell, S.J., Murgasova, M., Aljabar, P., Nunes, R.G., et al. (2010). Emergence of resting state networks in the preterm human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 20015–20020.10.1073/pnas.1007921107Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Dosenbach, N.U., Nardos, B., Cohen, A.L., Fair, D.A., Power, J.D., Church, J.A., Nelson, S.M., Wig, G.S., Vogel, A.C., Lessov-Schlaggar, C.N., et al. (2010). Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science 329 (5997), 1358–1361.10.1126/science.1194144Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Durston, S., Davidson, M.C., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Spicer, J., Fossella, J.A., and Casey, B.J. (2006). A shift from diffuse to focal cortical activity with development. Dev. Sci. 9, 1–8.10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00454.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Ebisch, S.J., Gallese, V., Willems, R.M., Mantini, D., Groen, W.B., Romani, G.L., Buitelaar, J.K., and Bekkering, H. (2011). Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of anterior and posterior insula regions in high-functioning participants with autism spectrum disorder. Hum. Brain Mapp. 32, 1013–1028.10.1002/hbm.21085Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ernst, M., Torrisi, S., Balderston, N., Grillon, C., and Hale, E.A. (2015). fMRI functional connectivity applied to adolescent neurodevelopment. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 11, 361–377.10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112753Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fair, D.A., Dosenbach, N.U., Church, J.A., Cohen, A.L., Brahmbhatt, S., Miezin, F.M., Barch, D.M., Raichle, M.E., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2007). Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 13507–13512.10.1073/pnas.0705843104Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fair, D.A., Cohen, A.L., Dosenbach, N.U., Church, J.A., Miezin, F.M., Barch, D.M., Raichle, M.E., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2008). The maturing architecture of the brain’s default network. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 4028–4032.10.1073/pnas.0800376105Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fair, D.A., Cohen, A.L., Power, J.D., Dosenbach, N.U.F., Church, J.A., Miezin, F.M., Schlaggar, B.L., and Petersen, S.E. (2009). Functional brain networks develop from a “local to distributed” organization. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000381.10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000381Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fair, D., Posner, J., Nagel, B., Bathula, D., Dias, T., Mills, K., Blythe, M.S., Giwa, A., Schmitt, C.F., and Nigg, J. (2010). Atypical default network connectivity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiat. 68, 1084–1091.10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Farrant, K. and Uddin, L.Q. (2015). Asymmetric development of dorsal and ventral attention networks in the human brain. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 12, 165–174.10.1016/j.dcn.2015.02.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fjell, A.M., Walhovd, K.B., Brown, T.T., Kuperman, J.M., Chung, Y., Hagler, D.J., Venkatraman, V., Roddey, J.C., Erhart, M., McCabe, C., et al. (2012). Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 19620–19625.10.1073/pnas.1208243109Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., and Breakspear, M. (2015). The connectomics of brain disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 16, 150–172.10.1038/nrn3901Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Fox, M.D., and Raichle, M.E. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 700–711.10.1038/nrn2201Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Fransson, P., Skiöld, B., Horsch, S., Nordell, A., Blennow, M., Lagercrantz, H., and Åden, U. (2007). Resting-state networks in the infant brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 15531–15536.10.1073/pnas.0704380104Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Fransson, P., Aden, U., Blennow, M., and Lagercrantz, H. (2011). The functional architecture of the infant brain as revealed by resting-state fMRI. Cereb. Cortex 21, 145–154.10.1093/cercor/bhq071Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gabard-Durnam, L.J., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Gee, D.G., Humphreys, K.H., Telzer, E., Hare, T., and Tottenham, N. (2014). The development of human amygdala functional connectivity at rest from 4 to 23 years: a cross-sectional study. Neuroimage 95, 193–207.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.038Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gaffrey, M.S., Luby, J.L., Repovs, G., Belden, A.C., Botteron, K.N., Luking, K.R., and Barch, D.M. (2010). Subgenual cingulate connectivity in children with a history of preschool-depression. Neuroreport 21, 1182–1188.10.1097/WNR.0b013e32834127ebSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gaffrey, M.S., Luby, J.L., Botteron, K., Repovs, G., and Barch, D.M. (2012). Default mode network connectivity in children with a history of preschool onset depression. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 53, 964–972.10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02552.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gao, W., Zhu, H., Giovanello, K.S., Smith, J.K., Shen, D., Gilmore, J.H., and Lin, W. (2009). Evidence on the emergence of the brain’s default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 6790–6795.10.1073/pnas.0811221106Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gao, W., Gilmore, J.H., Shen, D., Smith, J.K., Zhu, H., and Lin, W. (2013). The synchronization within and interaction between the default and dorsal attention networks in early infancy. Cereb. Cortex 23, 594–603.10.1093/cercor/bhs043Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gao, W., Alcauter, S., Elton, A., Hernandez-Castillo, C.R., Smith, J.K., Ramirez, J., and Lin, W.L. (2015a). Functional network development during the first year: relative sequence and socioeconomic correlations. Cereb. Cortex 25, 2919–2928.10.1093/cercor/bhu088Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gao, W., Alcauter, S., Smith, J.K., Gilmore, J.H., and Lin, W. (2015b). Development of human brain cortical network architecture during infancy. Brain Struct. Funct. 220, 1173–1186.10.1007/s00429-014-0710-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gohel, S.R., and Biswal, B.B. (2015). Functional integration between brain regions at rest occurs in multiple-frequency bands. Brain Connect. 5, 23–34.10.1089/brain.2013.0210Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Grady, C.L., and Garrett, D.D. (2014). Understanding variability in the BOLD signal and why it matters for aging. Brain Imaging Behav. 8, 274–283.10.1007/s11682-013-9253-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Grahn, J.A., and Rowe, J.B. (2009). Feeling the beat: premotor and striatal interactions in musicians and nonmusicians during beat perception. J. Neurosci. 29, 7540–7548.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2018-08.2009Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Guerra-Carrillo, B., Mackey, A.P., and Bunge, S.A. (2014). Resting-state fMRI A window into human brain plasticity. Neuroscientist 20, 522–533.10.1177/1073858414524442Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hebb, D.O. (1949). The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Approach (New York: John Wiley & Sons).Search in Google Scholar

Hernandez, L.M., Rudie, J.D., Green, S.A., Bookheimer, S., and Dapretto, M. (2015). Neural signatures of autism spectrum disorders: insights into brain network dynamics. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40, 171–189.10.1038/npp.2014.172Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hoff, G.E.A., Van den Heuvel, M.P., Benders, M.J.N.L., Kersbergen, K.J., and De Vries, L.S. (2013). On development of functional brain connectivity in the young brain. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 650.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00650Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hong, S.-B., Harrison, B.J., Fornito, A., Sohn, C.-H., Song, I.-C., and Kim, J.-W. (2015). Functional dysconnectivity of corticostriatal circuitry and differential response to methylphenidate in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 40, 46–57.10.1503/jpn.130290Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Horowitz-Kraus, T., Toro-Serey, C., and DiFrancesco, M. (2015). Increased resting-state functional connectivity in the cingulo-opercular cognitive-control network after intervention in children with reading difficulties. PLoS One 10, e0133762.10.1371/journal.pone.0133762Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hulvershorn, L.A., Cullen, K., and Anand, A. (2011). Toward dysfunctional connectivity: a review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav. 5, 307–328.10.1007/s11682-011-9134-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hulvershorn, L.A., Cullen, K.R., Francis, M.M., and Westlund, M.K. (2014). Developmental resting state functional connectivity for clinicians. Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep. 1, 161–169.10.1007/s40473-014-0020-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hwang, K., Hallquist, M., and Luna, B. (2013). The development of hub architecture in the human functional brain network. Cereb. Cortex 23, 2380–2393.10.1093/cercor/bhs227Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Johnson, M.H. (2001). Functional brain development in humans. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 475–483.10.1038/35081509Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Johnson, M.H. (2011). Interactive specialization: a domain-general framework for human functional brain development? Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 1, 7–21.10.1016/j.dcn.2010.07.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Jolles, D.D. and Crone, E.A. (2012). Training the developing brain: a neurocognitive perspective. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6, 76.10.3389/fnhum.2012.00076Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Jolles, D.D., van Buchem, M.A., Crone, E.A., and Rombouts, S.A.R.B. (2011). A comprehensive study of whole-brain functional connectivity in children and young adults. Cereb. Cortex 21, 385–391.10.1093/cercor/bhq104Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jolles, D.D., van Buchem, M.A., Crone, E.A., and Rombouts, S.A.R.B. (2013). Functional brain connectivity at rest changes after working memory training. Hum. Brain Mapp. 34, 396–406.10.1002/hbm.21444Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Karbach, J. and Schubert, T. (2013). Training-induced cognitive and neural plasticity. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 48.10.3389/978-2-88919-145-1Search in Google Scholar

Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2009). Nativism versus neuroconstructivism: rethinking the study of developmental disorders. Dev. Psychol. 45, 56–63.10.1037/a0014506Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kelly, A.C., Di Martino, A., Uddin, L.Q., Shehzad, Z., Gee, D.G., Reiss, P.T., Margulies, D.S., Castellanos, F.X., and Milham, M.P. (2009). Development of anterior cingulate functional connectivity from late childhood to early adulthood. Cereb. Cortex 19, 640–657.10.1093/cercor/bhn117Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kirk, H.E., Gray, K., Riby, D.M., and Cornish, K.M. (2015). Cognitive training as a resolution for early executive function difficulties in children with intellectual disabilities. Res. Dev. Disabil. 38, 145–160.10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Klingberg, T. (2014). Childhood cognitive development as a skill. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 573–579.10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., and Westerberg, H. (2002). Training of working memory in children with ADHD. J. Clin. Exp, Neuropsychol. 24, 781–791.10.1076/jcen.24.6.781.8395Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lin, W., Zhu, Q., Gao, W., Chen, Y., Toh, C.-H., Styner, M., Gerig, G., Smith, J.K., Biswal, B., and Gilmore, J. (2008). Functional connectivity MR imaging reveals cortical functional connectivity in the developing brain. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 29, 1883–1889.10.3174/ajnr.A1256Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Liston, C., Cohen, M.M., Teslovich, T., Levenson, D., and Casey, B.J. (2011). Atypical prefrontal connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pathway to disease or pathological end point? Biol. Psychiat. 69, 1168–1177.10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Liu, W.-C., Flax, J.F., Guise, K.G., Sukul, V., and Benasich, A.A. (2008). Functional connectivity of the sensorimotor area in naturally sleeping infants. Brain Res. 1223, 42–49.10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.054Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Luking, K.R., Repovs, G., Belden, A.C., Gaffrey, M.S., Botteron, K.N., Luby, J.L., and Barch, D.M. (2011). Functional connectivity of the amygdala in early-childhood-onset depression. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 50, 1027–1041.10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.019Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Luna, B. and Sweeney, J.A. (2004). The emergence of collaborative brain function: FMRI studies of the development of response inhibition. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1021, 296–309.10.1196/annals.1308.035Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Luo, C., Guo, Z., Lai, Y., Liao, W., Liu, Q., Kendrick, K.M., Yao, D.-z., and Li, H. (2012). Musical training induces functional plasticity in perceptual and motor networks: insights from resting-state fMRI. PLoS One 7, e36568.10.1371/journal.pone.0036568Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Luo, C., Tu, S., Peng, Y., Gao, S., Li, J., Dong, L., Li, G., Lai, Y., Li, H., and Yao, D. (2014). Long-term effects of musical training and functional plasticity in salience system. Neural Plast. 2014, 180138.10.1155/2014/180138Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lustig, C., Shah, P., Seidler, R., and Reuter-Lorenz, P.A. (2009). Aging, training, and the brain: a review and future directions. Neuropsychol. Rev. 19, 504–522.10.1007/s11065-009-9119-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lynch, C.J., Uddin, L.Q., Supekar, K., Khouzam, A., Phillips, J., and Menon, V. (2013). Default mode network in childhood autism: posteromedial cortex heterogeneity and relationship with social deficits. Biol. Psychiat. 74, 212–219.10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ma, L., Narayana, S., Robin, D.A., Fox, P.T., and Xiong, J. (2011). Changes occur in resting state network of motor system during 4 weeks of motor skill learning. Neuroimage 58, 226–233.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Maguire, E.A., Woollett, K., and Spiers, H.J. (2006). London taxi drivers and bus drivers: a structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis. Hippocampus 16, 1091–1101.10.1002/hipo.20233Search in Google Scholar PubMed

May, A. (2011). Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult human brain. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15, 475–482.10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Menon, V. (2011). Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15, 483–506.10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Menon, V. (2013). Developmental pathways to functional brain networks: emerging principles. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17, 627–640.10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Monk, C.S., Peltier, S.J., Wiggins, J.L., Weng, S., Carrasco, M., Risi, S., and Lord, C. (2009). Abnormalities of intrinsic functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage 47, 764–772.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.069Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Nair, A., Treiber, J.M., Shukla, D.K., Shih, P., and Muller, R. (2013). Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: a study of functional and anatomical connectivity. Brain 136, 1942–1955.10.1093/brain/awt079Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Nomi, J.S. and Uddin, L.Q. (2015). Developmental changes in large-scale network connectivity in autism. Neuroimage Clin. 7, 732–741.10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Padmanabhan, A., Lynn, A., Foran, W., Luna, B., and O’Hearn, K. (2013). Age related changes in striatal resting state functional connectivity in autism. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 814.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00814Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Petersen, S.E. and Posner, M.I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 35, 73–89.10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525Search in Google Scholar

Pfordresher, P.Q., Mantell, J.T., Brown, S., Zivadinov, R., and Cox, J.L. (2014). Brain responses to altered auditory feedback during musical keyboard production: an fMRI study. Brain Res. 1556, 28–37.10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.004Search in Google Scholar

Phillips, M.L., Drevets, W.C., Rauch, S.L., and Lane, R. (2003). Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biol. Psychiat. 54, 504–514.10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00168-9Search in Google Scholar

Posner, J., Park, C., and Wang, Z. (2014a). Connecting the dots: a review of resting connectivity MRI studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol. Rev. 24, 3–15.10.1007/s11065-014-9251-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Posner, M.I., Rothbart, M.K., Sheese, B.E., and Voelker, P. (2014b). Developing attention: behavioral and brain mechanisms. Adv. Neurosci. 2014, 405094.10.1155/2014/405094Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Power, J.D., Schlaggar, B.L., and Petersen, S.E. (2015). Recent progress and outstanding issues in motion correction in resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 105, 536–551.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.044Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Qin, S., Young, C.B., Duan, X., Chen, T., Supekar, K., and Menon, V. (2014). Amygdala subregional structure and intrinsic functional connectivity predicts individual differences in anxiety during early childhood. Biol. Psychiat. 75, 892–900.10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Raz, A., and Buhle, J. (2006). Typologies of attentional networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 367–379.10.1038/nrn1903Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Redcay, E., Kennedy, D.P., and Courchesne, E. (2007). fMRI during natural sleep as a method to study brain function during early childhood. Neuroimage 38, 696–707.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ren, J., Guo, W., Yan, J.H., Liu, G.M., and Jia, F.J. (2015). Practice and nap schedules modulate children’s motor learning. Dev. Psychobiol. 58, 107–119.10.1002/dev.21380Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Repantis, D., Schlattmann, P., Laisney, O., and Heuser, I. (2010). Modafinil and methylphenidate for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals: a systematic review. Pharmacol. Res. 62, 187–206.10.1016/j.phrs.2010.04.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Rothbart, M.K., and Posner, M.I. (2015). The developing brain in a multitasking world. Dev. Rev. 35, 42–63.10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rothbart, M.K., Sheese, B.E., Rueda, M.R., and Posner, M.I. (2011). Developing mechanisms of self-regulation in early life. Emot. Rev. 3, 207–213.10.1177/1754073910387943Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Roy, A.K., Fudge, J.L., Kelly, C., Perry, J.S., Daniele, T., Carlisi, C., Benson, B., Castellanos, F.X., Milham, M.P., Pine, D.S., et al. (2013). Intrinsic functional connectivity of amygdala-based networks in adolescent generalized anxiety disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 52, 290–299. e292.10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rudie, J.D., Brown, J.A., Beck-Pancer, D., Hernandez, L.M., Dennis, E.L., Thompson, P.M., Bookheimer, S.Y., and Dapretto, M. (2013). Altered functional and structural brain network organization in autism. Neuroimage Clin. 2, 79–94.10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rueda, M.R., Fan, J., McCandliss, B.D., Halparin, J.D., Gruber, D.B., Lercari, L.P., and Posner, M.I. (2004). Development of attentional networks in childhood. Neuropsychologia 42, 1029–1040.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ruitenberg, M.F.L., Abrahamse, E.L., and Verwey, W.B. (2013). Sequential motor skill in preadolescent children: the development of automaticity. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 115, 607–623.10.1016/j.jecp.2013.04.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sami, S., and Miall, R.C. (2013). Graph network analysis of immediate motor-learning induced changes in resting state BOLD. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 166.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00166Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sami, S., Robertson, E.M., and Miall, R.C. (2014). The time course of task-specific memory consolidation effects in resting state networks. J. Neurosci. 34, 3982–3992.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4341-13.2014Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sampaio-Baptista, C., Filippini, N., Stagg, C.J., Near, J., Scholz, J., and Johansen-Berg, H. (2015). Changes in functional connectivity and GABA levels with long-term motor learning. Neuroimage 106, 15–20.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.032Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sato, J.R., Salum, G.A., Gadelha, A., Picon, F.A., Pan, P.M., Viera, G., Zugman, A., Hoexter, M.Q., Anés, M., Moura, L.M., et al. (2014). Age effects on the default mode and control networks in typically developing children. J. Psychiat. Res. 58, 89–95.10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sato, J.R., Salum, G.A., Gadelha, A., Viera, G., Zugman, A., Picon, F.A., Pan, P.M., Hoexter M.Q., Anés, M., Moura L.M., et al. (2015). Decreased centrality of subcortical regions during the transition to adolescence: a functional connectivity study. Neuroimage 104, 44–51.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.063Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Seely, W.W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A.F., Keller, J., Glover, G.H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A.L., and Greicius, M.D. (2007). Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J. Neurosci. 27, 2349–2356.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sherman, L.E., Rudie, J.D., Pfeifer, J.H., Masten, C.L., McNealy, K., and Dapretto, M. (2014). Development of the default mode and central executive networks across early adolescence. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 10, 148–159.10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Smyser, C., Snyder, A., and Neil, J. (2011). Functional connectivity MRI in infants: exploration of the functional organization of the developing brain. Neuroimage 56, 1437–1452.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.073Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Somerville, L.H., and Casey, B. (2010). Developmental neurobiology of cognitive control and motivational systems. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 20, 1–6.10.1016/j.conb.2010.01.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sporns, O. (2013). Structure and function of complex brain networks. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 15, 247–262.10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.3/ospornsSearch in Google Scholar

Sripada, C.S., Kessler, D., and Angstadt, M. (2014a). Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 14259–14264.10.1073/pnas.1407787111Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sripada, C., Kessler, D., Fang, Y., Welsh, R.C., Prem Kumar, K., and Angstadt, M. (2014b). Disrupted network architecture of the resting brain in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum. Brain Mapp. 35, 4693–4705.10.1002/hbm.22504Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Stevens, M.C. (2009). The developmental cognitive neuroscience of functional connectivity. Brain Cogn. 70, 1–12.10.1016/j.bandc.2008.12.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sun, L., Cao, Q., Long, X., Sui, M., Cao, X., Zhu, C., Zuo, X., An, L., Song, Y., Zang, Y., et al. (2012). Abnormal functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate and the default mode network in drug-naïve boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging, 201, 120–127.10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Supekar, K., Musen, M., and Menon, V. (2009). Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children. PLoS Biol. 7, e1000157.10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Supekar, K., Uddin, L.Q., Khouzam, A., Phillips, J., Gaillard, W.D., Kenworthy, L.E., Yerys, B.E., Vaidya, C.J., and Menon, V. (2013). Brain hyperconnectivity in children with autism and its links to social deficits. Cell Rep. 5, 738–747.10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Supekar, K., Uddin, L.Q., Prater, K., Amin, H., Greicius, M.D., and Menon, V. (2010). Development of functional and structural connectivity within the default mode network in young children. Neuroimage 52, 290–301.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sylvester, C.M., Barch, D.M., Corbetta, M., Power, J.D., Schlaggar, B.L., and Luby, J.L. (2013). Resting state functional connectivity of the ventral attention network in children with a history of depression or anxiety. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 52, 1326–1336.10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Nouchi, R., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Kotozaki, Y., Nakagawa, S., Miyauchi, C.M., Sassa, Y., and Kawashima, R. (2013). Effects of working memory training on functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow during rest. Cortex 49, 2106–2125.10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tamm, L., Epstein, J.N., Peugh, J.L., Nakonezny, P.A., and Hughes, C.W. (2013). Preliminary data suggesting the efficacy of attention training for school-aged children with ADHD. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 4, 16–28.10.1016/j.dcn.2012.11.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Taya, F., Sun, Y., Babiloni, F., Thakor, N., and Bezerianos, A. (2015). Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 9, 44.10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Taylor, V.A., Daneault, V., Grant, J., Scavone, G., Breton, E., Roffe-Vidal, S., Courtemanche, J., Lavarenne, A.S., Marrelec, G., Benali, H., et al. (2013). Impact of meditation training on the default mode network during a restful state. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 8, 4–14.10.1093/scan/nsr087Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Thomas, K.M., Hunt, R.H., Vizueta, N., Sommer, T., Durston, S., Yang, Y.H., and Worden, M.S. (2004). Evidence of developmental differences in implicit sequence learning: an fMRI study of children and adults. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 16, 1339–1351.10.1162/0898929042304688Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Thut, G., Schyns, P.G., and Gross, J. (2011). Entrainment of perceptually relevant brain oscillations by non-invasive rhythmic stimulation of the human brain. Front. Psychol. 2, 170.10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00170Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Tian, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Y., Zang, Y., He, Y., Liang, M., Sui, M., Cao, Q., Hu, S., Peng, M., et al. (2006). Altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns of anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci. Lett. 400, 39–43.10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tomasi, D., and Volkow, N. (2012). Abnormal functional connectivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiat. 71, 443–450.10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Uddin, L.Q., Supekar, K., and Menon, V. (2013). Reconceptualizing functional brain connectivity in autism from a developmental perspective. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 458.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00458Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Vogel, A.C., Power, J.D., Petersen, S.E., and Schlaggar, B.L. (2010). Development of the brain’s functional network architecture. Neuropsychol. Rev. 20, 362–375.10.1007/s11065-010-9145-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

von dem Hagen, E., Stoyanova, R., Baron-Cohen, S., and Calder, A. (2013). Reduced functional connectivity within and between “social” resting state networks in autism spectrum conditions. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 8, 694–701.10.1093/scan/nss053Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, L., Zhu, C., He, Y., Zang, Y., Cao, Q., Zhang, H., Zhong, Q., and Wang, Y. (2009). Altered small-world brain functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 638–649.10.1002/hbm.20530Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, Y.-F., Cui, Q., Liu, F., Huo, Y.-J., Lu, F.-M., Chen, H., and Chen, H.-F. (2014a). A new method for computing attention network scores and relationships between attention networks. PLoS One 9, e89733.10.1371/journal.pone.0089733Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, Y.-F., Liu, F., Long, Z.-L., Duan, X.-J., Cui, Q., Yan, J.H., and Chen, H.-F. (2014b). Steady-state BOLD response modulates low frequency neural oscillations. Sci. Rep. 4, 7376.10.1038/srep07376Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, Y., Jing, X., Liu, F., Li, M., Long, Z., Yan, J.H., and Chen, H. (2015). Reliable attention network scores and mutually inhibited inter-network relationships revealed by mixed design and non-orthogonal method. Sci. Rep. 5, 10251.10.1038/srep10251Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wass, S., Scerif, G., and Johnson, M.H. (2012). Training attentional control and working memory – Is younger, better? Dev. Rev. 32, 360–387.10.1016/j.dr.2012.07.001Search in Google Scholar

Wiggins, J.L., Peltier, S.J., Ashinoff, S., Weng, S.J., Carrasco, M., Welsh, R.C., Lord, C., and Monk, C. S. (2011). Using a self-organizing map algorithm to detect age-related changes in functional connectivity during rest in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res. 1380, 187–197.10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.102Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wu, M., Lu, L.H., Passarotti, A.M., Wegbreit, E., Fitzgerald, J., and Pavuluri, M.N. (2013). Altered affective, executive and sensorimotor resting state networks in patients with pediatric mania. J. Psychiatry Neurosci., 38, 232–240.Search in Google Scholar

Wylie, K.P., Rojas, D.C., Ross, R.G., Hunter, S.K., Maharajh, K., Cornier, M.-A., and Tregellas, J. R. (2014). Reduced brain resting-state network specificity in infants compared with adults. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 10, 1349–1359.10.2147/NDT.S63773Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Yan, J.H., and Thomas, J.R. (2002). Arm movement control: differences between children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 73, 10–18.10.1080/02701367.2002.10608987Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zarate, J.M., and Zatorre, R.J. (2008). Experience-dependent neural substrates involved in vocal pitch regulation during singing. Neuroimage 40, 1871–1887.10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zhang, H., Long, Z., Ge, R., Xu, L., Jin, Z., Yao, L., and Liu, Y. (2014). Motor imagery learning modulates functional connectivity of multiple brain systems in resting state. PLoS One 9, e85489.10.1371/journal.pone.0085489Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central