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Gas–liquid upflow packed bed reactors: a comprehensive review focused on heat transport

  • María J. Taulamet , Osvaldo M. Martínez , Guillermo F. Barreto and Néstor J. Mariani EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 16, 2024
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Reviews in Chemical Engineering
From the journal Reviews in Chemical Engineering Volume 41 Issue 1

Abstract

A review of the available information about the packed bed reactors with cocurrent upflow of gas and liquid (UFRs), particularly focused on heat transfer with an external medium through the container wall, was undertaken in this contribution. The typical use of such reactors is summarized as well as some novel applications. A brief discussion about fluid-dynamics is also made due to its strong effect on the transport processes. Experimental setup, available data, and literature correlations of heat transfer parameters are thoroughly reviewed. From a critical analysis of the experimental data, a refined database has been built, which allows comparing the performance of the existing correlations for the two parameters of the extensively employed two-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous plug flow model (i.e., effective radial thermal conductivity and wall heat transfer coefficient). In addition, new correlations for these parameters have been developed, which allow improving the actual predictive capabilities. Finally, the global heat transfer between the bed and the wall was comparatively analyzed for upflow (UFRs) and downflow (TBRs) gas–liquid packed bed reactors.

Keywords: two-dimensional pseudomogeneous model; gas–liquid packed bed upflow reactors (UFRs); radial thermal conductivity; wall heat transfer coefficient
Corresponding author: Néstor J. Mariani, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. J. J. Ronco” (CINDECA) CONICET- CIC – UNLP, Calle 47 no. 257, CP B1900AJK, La Plata, Argentina, E-mail:

Funding source: Universidad Nacional de La Plata

Award Identifier / Grant number: PID 11/I270

Funding source: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃ-ficas y Técnicas

Award Identifier / Grant number: PIP 11220200102005CO

Acknowledgments

Christopher Young, PE, is gratefully acknowledged for the revision of the English language of the manuscript.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  3. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: The authors are thankful for the financial support of the following Argentine Institutions: CONICET (PIP 11220200102005CO) and UNLP PID 11/I270 (2023–2026). M. J. Taulamet and N. J. Mariani are research members of CONICET.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

Nomenclature

a

Bed aspect ratio, dT/de [-]

Bi

Biot number, hwRT/k er [-]

CP

Specific heat, [J kg−1 ºC−1]

d p

Spherical particle diameter, [m]

de

Equivalent diameter, [m]

dT

Tube diameter, [m]

g

Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]

G

Superficial mass flowrate, [kg m−2 s−1]

H

Particle length [m]

hT

Overall (bed-to-wall) heat transfer coefficient, [W m−2 ºC−1]

hw

Wall heat transfer coefficient, [W m−2 ºC−1]

k

Fluid thermal conductivity, [W m−1 ºC−1]

ke0

Stagnant contribution to the effective radial thermal conductivity, [W m−1 ºC−1]

k er

Effective radial thermal conductivity, [W m−1 ºC−1]

N

Number of experimental data

Nuw

Nusselt number, hw de/kL, [-]

Nuw0

stagnant contribution to Nusselt number, hw0 de/kL, [-]

Pr

Prandtl number, CP μ/k, [-]

qc

Heat flux [W m−2]

r

Radial coordinate

Re

Reynolds number, G de/μ [-]

RT

Tube radius, [m]

T

Temperature, [K]

u

Fluid velocity [m/s]

z

Axial coordinate

Z

Bed or column length [m]

Greek letters

ε

Global bed void fraction, [-]

ε ‾ k

Average relative error of k er, Eq. (9a) [-]

ε ‾ Nu

Average relative error of Nuw, Eq. (9b) [-]

ϕ

Sphericity, [-]

μ

Dynamic viscosity, [Pa s]

βt

Total liquid saturation, [-]

ρ

Fluid density [kg/m3]

ΔPf

Frictional pressure drop [Pa]

ΔPt

Total pressure drop [Pa]

Subscripts and superscripts

0

Bed inlet

B

Average gas–liquid

calc

Predicted value

exp

Experimental value

G

Gas

L

Liquid

w

Wall

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Received: 2024-05-21
Accepted: 2024-10-18
Published Online: 2024-12-16
Published in Print: 2025-01-29

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Comprehensive and in-depth insights into photo-assisted halogenation reactions: a pharmaceutical industry perspective
  4. Gas–liquid upflow packed bed reactors: a comprehensive review focused on heat transport
  5. Research progress of jet washing technology and its exploratory decoking application in delayed coking process
  6. Comminution technologies in the pharmaceutical industry: a comprehensive review with recent advances
https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2024-0035
Keywords for this article
two-dimensional pseudomogeneous model; gas–liquid packed bed upflow reactors (UFRs); radial thermal conductivity; wall heat transfer coefficient

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Comprehensive and in-depth insights into photo-assisted halogenation reactions: a pharmaceutical industry perspective
  4. Gas–liquid upflow packed bed reactors: a comprehensive review focused on heat transport
  5. Research progress of jet washing technology and its exploratory decoking application in delayed coking process
  6. Comminution technologies in the pharmaceutical industry: a comprehensive review with recent advances
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