Skip to main content
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of multiphase mass transfer process for industrial applications in China

  • Chao Yang received his PhD and BSc in 1998 and 1993, respectively, both from Nanjing Tech University. His research interests include numerical simulation and experimental determination of multiphase flow and transport phenomena in various multiphase reactors such as stirred tanks, loop reactors, packed beds, and microreactors. He has published 187 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds 45 patents and 27 computer software copyrights. He was awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2010. He won the second prize of the China State Natural Science Award in 2009, the Asia Research Award from the Society of Chemical Engineers (Japan) in 2012, the second prize of the China State Technological Invention Award in 2015, and the Prize for Scientific and Technological Innovation from Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation (Hong Kong) in 2016.

         ,

    Guangsheng Luo received his PhD and BSc in 1993 and 1988, respectively, both from Tsinghua University. His research interests include microstructured chemical systems, separation science and technology, and functional materials. He has published more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds more than 60 patents. He was awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2005. He won the second prize of the China State Technological Invention Award in 2012. He was admitted as a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2016.

     EMAIL logo     ,

    Xigang Yuan received his PhD in chemical engineering from ENSIGC-INPT (Chemical Engineering School of the National Polytechnic Institute in Toulouse, France) in 1988. His research interests include transport process theory and numerical computation with applications in multiphase fluid systems in chemical engineering, interfacial behaviors in mass and heat transfer, separation processes synthesis, and optimization with heat integration and thermal coupling. He has published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers, 4 books, and 5 book chapters and holds 12 patents. He won the second prize of the China State Science and Technology Award in 2005 and four prizes of the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Award.

     EMAIL logo     ,

    Jie Chen obtained her PhD from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015. Currently, she has focused her research on the movement behaviors and interphase mass transfer of bubble/droplet swarms in a continuous phase, which was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

     EMAIL logo     ,

    Yangcheng Lu received his BSc and PhD in chemical engineering in 1998 and 2003, respectively, from Tsinghua University. His current research includes microstructured chemical process and coupled chemical processes targeted to clean production of basic chemicals, flow synthesis of fine chemicals, and controllable preparation of functional materials. He has published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds more than 50 patents. He was elected for the Outstanding Young Investigator Award by the CPCIF and Hou Debang Young Investigator Award by the CIESC in 2013 and was granted financial support by the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation (NSFC) in 2014.

         ,

    Xiaojin Tang received his PhD in 2004 from Tsinghua University. His research mainly focuses on the modeling and scale-up of multiphase equipments, including slurry reactors, extraction columns, and microreactors.

         and

    Aiwu Zeng received his PhD and MS in 1996 and 1993, respectively, from Tianjin University. His research interests are the intensification of separation processes (such as distillation), mass transfer phenomena on the interface of vapor and liquid, and vapor and liquid equilibrium data.
Published/Copyright: June 12, 2019
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Reviews in Chemical Engineering
From the journal Reviews in Chemical Engineering Volume 36 Issue 1

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the remarkable achievements by Chinese scientists and engineers who have contributed to the multiscale process design, with emphasis on the transport mechanisms in stirred reactors, extractors, and rectification columns. After a brief review of the classical theory of transport phenomena, this paper summarizes the domestic developments regarding the relevant experiments and numerical techniques for the interphase mass transfer on the drop/bubble scale and the micromixing in the single-phase or multiphase stirred tanks in China. To improve the design and scale-up of liquid-liquid extraction columns, new measurement techniques with the combination of both particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics have been developed and advanced modeling methods have been used to determine the axial mixing and mass transfer performance in extraction columns. Detailed investigations on the mass transfer process in distillation columns are also summarized. The numerical and experimental approaches modeling transport phenomena at the vicinity of the vapor-liquid interface, the point efficiency for trays/packings regarding the mixing behavior of fluids, and the computational mass transfer approach for the simulation of distillation columns are thoroughly analyzed. Recent industrial applications of mathematical models, numerical simulation, and experimental methods for the design and analysis of multiphase stirred reactors/crystallizers, extractors, and distillation columns are seen to garnish economic benefits. The current problems and future prospects are pinpointed at last.

Keywords: distillation column; extractor; multiphase mass transfer; numerical simulation; reactor

Funding source: National Key Research and Development Program

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2016YFB0301701

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 21606234

Award Identifier / Grant number: 21490584

Funding source: Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS

Award Identifier / Grant number: QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030

Funding source: Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Award Identifier / Grant number: YZ201641

Funding statement: Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program (grant 2016YFB0301701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 21606234 and 21490584), the Major National Scientific Instrument Development Project (grant 21427814), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS (grant QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030), the Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant YZ201641), and the Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials is gratefully acknowledged.

About the authors

Chao Yang

Chao Yang received his PhD and BSc in 1998 and 1993, respectively, both from Nanjing Tech University. His research interests include numerical simulation and experimental determination of multiphase flow and transport phenomena in various multiphase reactors such as stirred tanks, loop reactors, packed beds, and microreactors. He has published 187 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds 45 patents and 27 computer software copyrights. He was awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2010. He won the second prize of the China State Natural Science Award in 2009, the Asia Research Award from the Society of Chemical Engineers (Japan) in 2012, the second prize of the China State Technological Invention Award in 2015, and the Prize for Scientific and Technological Innovation from Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation (Hong Kong) in 2016.

Guangsheng Luo

Guangsheng Luo received his PhD and BSc in 1993 and 1988, respectively, both from Tsinghua University. His research interests include microstructured chemical systems, separation science and technology, and functional materials. He has published more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds more than 60 patents. He was awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2005. He won the second prize of the China State Technological Invention Award in 2012. He was admitted as a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2016.

Xigang Yuan

Xigang Yuan received his PhD in chemical engineering from ENSIGC-INPT (Chemical Engineering School of the National Polytechnic Institute in Toulouse, France) in 1988. His research interests include transport process theory and numerical computation with applications in multiphase fluid systems in chemical engineering, interfacial behaviors in mass and heat transfer, separation processes synthesis, and optimization with heat integration and thermal coupling. He has published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers, 4 books, and 5 book chapters and holds 12 patents. He won the second prize of the China State Science and Technology Award in 2005 and four prizes of the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Award.

Jie Chen

Jie Chen obtained her PhD from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015. Currently, she has focused her research on the movement behaviors and interphase mass transfer of bubble/droplet swarms in a continuous phase, which was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Yangcheng Lu

Yangcheng Lu received his BSc and PhD in chemical engineering in 1998 and 2003, respectively, from Tsinghua University. His current research includes microstructured chemical process and coupled chemical processes targeted to clean production of basic chemicals, flow synthesis of fine chemicals, and controllable preparation of functional materials. He has published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals and holds more than 50 patents. He was elected for the Outstanding Young Investigator Award by the CPCIF and Hou Debang Young Investigator Award by the CIESC in 2013 and was granted financial support by the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation (NSFC) in 2014.

Xiaojin Tang

Xiaojin Tang received his PhD in 2004 from Tsinghua University. His research mainly focuses on the modeling and scale-up of multiphase equipments, including slurry reactors, extraction columns, and microreactors.

Aiwu Zeng

Aiwu Zeng received his PhD and MS in 1996 and 1993, respectively, from Tianjin University. His research interests are the intensification of separation processes (such as distillation), mass transfer phenomena on the interface of vapor and liquid, and vapor and liquid equilibrium data.

Nomenclature

a

effective interfacial area, m2 m−3

all

interaction between the liquid beads

als

interaction between the liquid bead and the solid bead

c

mass concentration, kg m−3

c′

fluctuating mass concentration, kg m−3

c2

concentration variance, kg2 m−6

Cav

average volumetric fraction of solid, m3 m−3

C*

equilibrium concentration, kg m−3

C

local bulk concentration, kg m−3

dp

particle diameter, μm

D

molecular diffusivity, m2 s−1

Dz

axial dispersion coefficient, m2 s−1

Dt

turbulent or eddy diffusivity, m2 s−1

Dr

radial dispersion coefficient, m2 s−1

F

F-factor based on bubbling tray area, kg0.5 m−0.5 s−1

g

body force per unit mass

G

gas flowrate, kg s−1

hw

weir height, m

H

height of packed bed, m

Hox

“true” mass transfer unit height of continuous phase, m

Hoxp

practical mass transfer unit height of continuous phase, m

k

turbulence kinetic energy, m2 s−2

K

mass transfer coefficient, m s−1

Kox

overall mass transfer coefficient of continuous phase, m s−1

L

characteristic length, m

Lw

intensity of liquid flow, m3 (h−2 m−1)

m

bead mass (DPD method)

Ma

Marangoni number, Ma=αcΔCL/D

N

agitation speed, round/min

P

pressure, kPa

Pr

Prandtl number, Pr=νD

r

radial coordinate, m

R

radius of stirred tank, m

Ra

Rayleigh number, Ra=βcΔCgL3μD

ReG

Reynolds number of gas phase

ReL

Reynolds number of liquid phase

QL

liquid flowrate, m3 h−1

Sc

Schmidt number, Sc=ρμ/D

Sct

turbulent Schmidt number, Sct=ρμt/Dt

Sn

source term

T

diameter of tank, m

tAI

arrival time of probe I, s

tAII

arrival time of probe II, s

Δt

time difference of the two probes, s

ui

velocity of fluid in dimension i (i=1, 2, 3)

ui′

fluctuating velocity, m s−1

uk

characteristic velocity, m s−1

ux

superficial velocity of continuous phase, m s−1

uy

superficial velocity of dispersed phase, m s−1

Ui

time-averaged velocity of fluid, m s−1

Vs

slip velocity between the two phases, m s−1

αc

factor-correlated surface tension and concentration difference

ε

void fraction

ε

turbulence energy dissipation rate, m2 s−3

εc

dissipation rate of c′2, kg2 m−6 s−1

μt

turbulence viscosity, Pa s

v

dynamic viscosity, kg m−1 s−1

ρ

density, kg m−3

ϕ

holdup of the dispersed phase

References

Aubry C, Villermaux J. Représentation du mélange imparfait de deux courants de réactifs dans un réacteur agité continu. Chem Eng Sci 1975; 30: 457–464.10.1016/0009-2509(75)80015-7Search in Google Scholar

Baldyga J, Bourne JR. A fluid mechanical approach to turbulent mixing and chemical reaction part III. Computational and experimental results for the new micromixing model. Chem Eng Commun 1984; 28: 259–281.10.1080/00986448408940137Search in Google Scholar

Baldyga J, Bourne JR. Simplification of micromixing calculations. I. Derivation and application of new model. Chem Eng J 1989; 42: 83–92.10.1016/0300-9467(89)85002-6Search in Google Scholar

Baldyga J, Bourne JR. Turbulent mixing and chemical reactions. Wiley, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Baldyga J, Podgorska W, Pohorecki R. Mixing-precipitation model with application to double feed semibatch precipitation. Chem Eng Sci 1995; 50: 1281–1300.10.1016/0009-2509(95)98841-2Search in Google Scholar

Baldyga J, Henczka M, Makowski L. Effects of mixing on parallel chemical reactions in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2001; 79: 895–900.10.1205/02638760152721109Search in Google Scholar

Bénard H. Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappeliquide. Rerue Gén Sci Pures Appl 1901; 11: 1261–1271.Search in Google Scholar

Biausser B, Guignard S, Marcer R, Fraunie P. 3D two phase flows numerical simulations by SL-VOF method. Int J Numer Meth Fl 2004; 45: 581–604.10.1002/fld.708Search in Google Scholar

Brackbill JU, Kothe DB, Zemach C. A continuum method for modeling surface tension. J Comput Phys 1992; 100: 335–354.10.1016/0021-9991(92)90240-YSearch in Google Scholar

Chen W. Experimental measurement of gas-liquid interface Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni convection and mass transfer (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Chen XD, Yang V. Thickness-based adaptive mesh refinement methods for multi-phase flow simulations with thin regions. J Comput Phys 2014; 269: 22–39.10.1016/j.jcp.2014.02.035Search in Google Scholar

Chen J, Xu SP, Wu QL, Liu BR, Tai DR, Song CL. On line measurement of pulsed column parameters by air purge (in Chinese). Atomic Energy Sci Technol 2001; 35: 34–40.Search in Google Scholar

Chen SY, Fu B, Yuan XG, Zhang HS, Chen W, Yu KT. Lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of solutal interfacial convection in gas-liquid system. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012; 51: 10955–10967.10.1021/ie3018912Search in Google Scholar

Chen J, Wang ZH, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of the solute-induced Marangoni effect with the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme. Chem Eng Technol 2015; 38: 155–163.10.1002/ceat.201400354Search in Google Scholar

Cheng JC, Feng X, Cheng D, Yang C. Retrospect and perspective of micro-mixing studies in stirred tanks. Chin J Chem Eng 2012; 20: 178–190.10.1016/S1004-9541(12)60378-4Search in Google Scholar

Cheng D, Feng X, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Modelling and experimental investigation of micromixing of single-feed semi-batch precipitation in a liquid-liquid stirred reactor. Chem Eng J 2016; 293: 291–301.10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.064Search in Google Scholar

Clift R, Grace JR, Weber ME. Bubbles, drops, and particles. New York: Academic Press, 1978: 263–264.Search in Google Scholar

Corma A. From microporous to mesoporous molecular sieve materials and their use in catalysis. Chem Rev 1997; 97: 2373–2420.10.1021/cr960406nSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Corry B. Designing carbon nanotube membranes for efficient water desalination. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112: 1427–1434.10.1021/jp709845uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Curl RL. Dispersed phase mixing. 1. Theory and effects in simple reactors. AIChE J 1963; 9: 175–181.10.1002/aic.690090207Search in Google Scholar

Dabiri S, Doostmohammadi A, Bayareh M, Ardekani AM. Rising motion of a swarm of drops in a linearly stratified fluid. Int J Multiphase Flow 2015; 69: 8–17.10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2014.10.010Search in Google Scholar

Dai YY, Lei X, Zhu SL, Wang JD. Two-phase flow characteristics in a pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column (in Chinese). CIESC J 1988; 39: 422–430.Search in Google Scholar

Duan XX, Feng X, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of micro-mixing in stirred reactors using the engulfment model coupled with CFD. Chem Eng Sci 2016; 140: 179–188.10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.017Search in Google Scholar

Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A. Nanofluidics: what is it and what can we expect from it? Microfluid Nanofluid 2005; 1: 249–267.10.1007/s10404-004-0012-9Search in Google Scholar

Fang Q, Jing D, Zhou H, Li S. Population balance of droplets in a pulsed disc and doughnut column with wettable internals. Chem Eng Sci 2017; 161: 274–287.10.1016/j.ces.2016.12.051Search in Google Scholar

Fedosov DA, Karniadakis GE. Triple-decker: interfacing atomistic-mesoscopic-continuum flow regimes. J Comput Phys 2009; 228: 1157–1171.10.1016/j.jcp.2008.10.024Search in Google Scholar

Fei WY. Progresses of study and application on extraction columns (in Chinese). CIESC J 2013; 64: 44–51.Search in Google Scholar

Fei WY, Wang YD, Wan YK. Physical modelling and numerical simulation of velocity fields in rotating disc contactor via CFD simulation and LDV measurement. Chem Eng J 2000; 78: 131–139.10.1016/S1385-8947(00)00156-XSearch in Google Scholar

Fei WY, Wang YD, Song XY, Yin Y D, Sun L Y. Intensification of random packing via CFD simulation, PIV measurement and traditional experiments. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2003; 78: 142–145.10.1002/jctb.715Search in Google Scholar

Feng Z-G, Michaelides EE. Drag coefficients of viscous spheres at intermediate and high Reynolds numbers. J Fluids Eng 2001; 123: 841–849.10.1115/1.1412458Search in Google Scholar

Feng X, Li XY, Cheng JC, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of solid-liquid turbulent flow in a stirred tank with a two-phase explicit algebraic stress model. Chem Eng Sci 2012; 82: 272–284.10.1016/j.ces.2012.07.044Search in Google Scholar

Feng X, Li XY, Cheng JC, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of liquid-liquid turbulent flow in a stirred tank with an explicit algebraic stress model. Chem Eng Res Des 2013; 91: 2114–2121.10.1016/j.cherd.2013.07.003Search in Google Scholar

Fox RO. Computational models for turbulent reacting flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.10.1017/CBO9780511610103Search in Google Scholar

Fu B, Yuan XG, Liu BT, Yu GC, Chen SY. Simulation of Rayleigh convection in gas-liquid mass transfer using lattice Boltzmann method. The 13th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress, Taipei, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Gayler R, Roberts NW, Pratt HRC. Liquid-liquid extraction: part IV. A further study of hold-up in packed columns. Trans Inst Chem Eng 1953; 31: 57–68.Search in Google Scholar

Godfrey JC, Hanson C, Slater MJ. The design of solvent extraction equipment. Chem Ind 1977: 713–718.Search in Google Scholar

Gorak A, Sorenson E. Preface to the distillation collection in distillation: fundamentals and principles. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, Academic Press, 2014.10.1016/B978-0-12-386547-2.05002-XSearch in Google Scholar

Hamielec AE, Storey SH, Whitehead JM. Viscous flow around fluid spheres at intermediate Reynolds-numbers. Can J Chem Eng 1963; 12: 246–251.10.1002/cjce.5450410604Search in Google Scholar

Han Y, Wang JJ, Gu XP, Feng LF. Numerical simulation on micromixing of viscous fluids in a stirred-tank reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2012; 74: 9–17.10.1016/j.ces.2012.02.018Search in Google Scholar

Haroun Y, Legendre D, Raynal L. Volume of fluid method for interfacial reactive mass transfer: application to stable liquid film. Chem Eng Sci 2010; 65: 2896–2909.10.1016/j.ces.2010.01.012Search in Google Scholar

Hartmann H, Derksen JJ, van den Akker HEA. Mixing times in a turbulent stirred tank by means of LES. AIChE J 2006; 52: 3696–3706.10.1002/aic.10997Search in Google Scholar

Holland DM, Borgb MK, Lockerbya DA, Reesec JM. Enhancing nano-scale computational fluid dynamics with molecular pre-simulations: unsteady problems and design optimisation. Comput Fluids 2015; 115: 46–53.10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.03.023Search in Google Scholar

Hu XQ, Fan LT, Yuan XG, Yu KT, Zeng AW, Kalbassi MA. Model-based approach to predict and control hydraulic gradient on slotted sieve trays. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014; 53: 4940–4952.10.1021/ie403883zSearch in Google Scholar

Huang J, Wu J. The effect of weeping on distillation tray efficiency. J Chem Ind Eng 1989; 40: 579–589.Search in Google Scholar

Huang J, Liu HL, Yu KT. Study of two-dimensional entrainment distribution on sieve tray. J Chem Ind Eng 1989; 4: 430–437.Search in Google Scholar

Huang J, Zeng AW, Yu KT. Effect of mal-distributed weeping on distillation tray efficiency. J Chem Ind Eng 1994; 45: 306–312.Search in Google Scholar

Humplik T, Lee J, O’Hern SC, Fellman BA, Baig MA, Hassan SF, Atieh MA, Rahman F, Laoui T, Karnik R, Wang EN. Nanostructured materials for water desalination. Nanotechnology 2011; 22: 292001.10.1088/0957-4484/22/29/292001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jeon NL, Dertinger SKW, Chiu DT, Choi IS, Stroock AD, Whitesides GM. Generation of solution and surface gradients using microfluidic systems. Langmuir 2000; 16: 8311–8316.10.1021/la000600bSearch in Google Scholar

Jing S, Wang YY, Wu QL. Online determination of pulsed parameters for pulsed extraction column with discs and doughnuts by air purge method (in Chinese). Atomic Energy Sci Technol 2007; 41: 716–721.Search in Google Scholar

Jing S, Wu QL, Wang YY. Online measurement of pulsed amplitude for standard spray sieve plate pulsed extraction column (in Chinese). Atomic Energy Sci Technol 2008; 42: 292–295.Search in Google Scholar

Karbaschi M, Taeibi Rahniab M, Javadiac A, Cronand CL, Schanoe KH, Farajia S, Wona JY, Ferrif JK, Krägela J, MilleraR. Dynamics of drops – formation, growth, oscillation, detachment, and coalescence. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222: 413–424.10.1016/j.cis.2014.10.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kenig EY, Ganguli AA, Atmakidis T, Chasanis P. A novel method to capture mass transfer phenomena at free fluid-fluid interfaces. Chem Eng Process 2011; 50: 68–76.10.1016/j.cep.2010.11.009Search in Google Scholar

Lafaurie B, Nardone C, Scardovelli R, Zaleski S, Zanetti G. Modelling merging and fragmentation in multiphase flows with SURFER. J Comput Phys 1994; 113: 134–147.10.1006/jcph.1994.1123Search in Google Scholar

Lewis WK. Rectification of binary mixtures. Ind Eng Chem 1936; 4: 399–402.10.1021/ie50316a005Search in Google Scholar

Li JL. Study on the flow characteristics of large size distillation tray column (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1985.Search in Google Scholar

Li TW, Mao ZS, Chen JY, Fei WY. Experimental and numerical investigations of single drop mass transfer in solvent extraction systems with resistance in both phases. Chin J Chem Eng 2002; 10: 1–14.Search in Google Scholar

Li HB, Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. Development of two-point dynamic method for evaluating extraction columns. Can J Chem Eng 2004; 82: 1–7.10.1002/cjce.5450820307Search in Google Scholar

Li WB, Yu KT, Yuan XG, Liu BT. A new model for the simulation of distillation column. Chin J Chem Eng 2011; 19: 717–725.10.1016/S1004-9541(11)60048-7Search in Google Scholar

Li SW, Liu JL, Jing S. Performance of rotary valve used in a pulsed extraction column. Chin J Process Eng 2012a; 12: 933–939.Search in Google Scholar

Li SW, Jing S, Zhang Q, Wu QL. Advances in simulation of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in extraction columns with CFD-PBM. Chin J Process Eng 2012b; 12: 701–711.Search in Google Scholar

Li R, Zhang JS, Yang C, Mao Z-S, Yin XL. Numerical study on steady and transient mass/heat transfer involving a liquid sphere in simple shear creeping flow. AIChE J 2014; 60: 343–352.10.1002/aic.14239Search in Google Scholar

Liu CJ. Computational fluid dynamics on distillation tray and experimental verification (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

Liu BT. Study of a new mass transfer model of CFD and its application on distillation tray (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

Liu GB. Computational transport and its application to mass transfer and reaction processes in packed beds (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Liu CJ, Yuan XG, Yu KT, Xhu XJ. A fluid-dynamics model for flow pattern on a distillation tray. Chem Eng Sci 2000; 55: 2287–2294.10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00492-3Search in Google Scholar

Liu GB, Yu KT, Yuan XG, Liu CT. New model for turbulent mass transfer and its application to the simulations of a pilot-scale randomly packed column for CO2-NaOH chemical absorption. Ind Chem Eng Res 2006; 45: 3220–3229.10.1021/ie051184zSearch in Google Scholar

Liu GB, Yu KT, Yuan XG, Liu CJ. A numerical method for predicting the performance of a randomly packed distillation column. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2009; 52: 5330–5338.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.06.038Search in Google Scholar

Liu JR, Zhu CY, Fu TT, Ma YG. Numerical simulation of the interactions between three equal-interval parallel bubbles rising in non-Newtonian fluids. Chem Eng Sci 2013; 93: 55–66.10.1016/j.ces.2013.01.060Search in Google Scholar

Liu JR, Zhu CY, Fu TT, Ma YG. Systematic study on the coalescence and breakup behaviors of multiple parallel bubbles rising in power-law fluid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014; 53: 4850–4860.10.1021/ie4037565Search in Google Scholar

Liu ZJ, Ouyang J, Zhou W, Wang XD. Numerical simulation of the polymer crystallization during cooling stage by using level set method. Comp Mater Sci 2015a; 97: 245–253.10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.10.038Search in Google Scholar

Liu JR, Zhu CY, Wang XD, Fu TT, Ma YG, Li HZ. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of coalescence and interactions of multiple horizontal bubbles rising in shear-thinning fluids. AIChE J 2015b; 61: 3528–3546.10.1002/aic.14874Search in Google Scholar

Liu HQ, Jing S, Fang Q, Li S. Droplet breakup in a square-sectioned pulsed disc and doughnut column. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016; 55: 2242–2251.10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04661Search in Google Scholar

Liu QT, Deng L, Wang XY, Li JJ. Formation of stacking fault tetrahedron in single-crystal Cu during nanoindentation investigated by molecular dynamics. Comp Mater Sci 2017; 131: 44–47.10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.01.021Search in Google Scholar

Lockett MJ, Banik S. Weeping from sieve trays. Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev 1986; 25: 561–569.10.1021/i200033a038Search in Google Scholar

Luo GS. A Study on the ‘true’ height of transfer unit and axial mixing in pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column. Ph.D. dissertation. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Luo GS, Li HB, Fei WY, Wang JD. A general equation for calculating the ‘true’ height of transfer unit in extraction columns. Chin J Chem Eng 1998a; 6: 233–238.Search in Google Scholar

Luo GS, Li HB, Fei WY, Wang J. A simplified correlation of mass transfer in a pulsed sieve plate extraction column. Chem Eng Technol 1998b; 21: 823–827.10.1002/(SICI)1521-4125(199810)21:10<823::AID-CEAT823>3.0.CO;2-GSearch in Google Scholar

Luo GS, Li HB, Tang XJ, Wang JD. Drop breakage in a coalescence-dispersion pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column. Chem Eng J 2004; 102: 185–191.10.1016/j.cej.2004.04.003Search in Google Scholar

Mao Z-S, Chen JY. Numerical simulation of the Marangoni effect on mass transfer to single slowly moving drops in the liquid-liquid system. Chem Eng Sci 2004; 59: 1815–1828.10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.035Search in Google Scholar

Mao KW, Toor HL. A diffusion model for reactions with turbulent mixing. AIChE J 1970; 16: 49–52.10.1002/aic.690160111Search in Google Scholar

Mao Z-S, Yang C. Micro-mixing in chemical reactors: a perspective. Chin J Chem Eng 2017; 55: 381–390.10.1016/j.cjche.2016.09.012Search in Google Scholar

Mehta R, Tarbell J. Four environment model of mixing and chemical reaction. Part I. Model development. AIChE J 1983; 29: 320–329.10.1002/aic.690290221Search in Google Scholar

Meyer DW, Patrick J. Micromixing models for turbulent flows. J Comput Phys 2009; 228: 1275–1293.10.1016/j.jcp.2008.10.019Search in Google Scholar

Miao YL, Feixas F, Eun C, Andrew McCammon J. Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding. J Comput Chem 2016; 37: 1536–1549.10.1002/jcc.24337Search in Google Scholar

Min J, Gao ZM. Large eddy simulations of mixing time in a stirred tank. Chin J Chem Eng 2006; 14: 1–7.10.1016/S1004-9541(06)60030-XSearch in Google Scholar

Miyauchi T, Vermeulen T. Longitudinal dispersion in two-phase continuous-flow operations. Ind Eng Chem Fund 1963; 2: 113–126.10.1021/i160006a006Search in Google Scholar

Monchaux R, Bourgoin M, Cartellier A. Analyzing preferential concentration and clustering of inertial particles in turbulence. Int J Multiphase Flow 2012; 40: 1–18.10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.12.001Search in Google Scholar

Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Ordering and dynamics for the formation of two-dimensional molecular crystals on black phosphorene. J Phys Chem C 2017; 121: 10210–10223.10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02480Search in Google Scholar

Mustafa A, Erten A, Armaghan Ayaz RM, Kayıllıoğlu O, Eser A, Eryürek M, Irfan M, Muradoglu M, Tanyeri M, Kiraz A. Enhanced dissolution of liquid microdroplets in the extensional creeping flow of a hydrodynamic trap. Langmuir 2016; 32: 9460–9467.10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02411Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Neale C, Pomès R, Sterne-Marr R, García A. Protein folding upon binding revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. Biophys J 2017; 112: 54a.10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.329Search in Google Scholar

Ng DYC, Rippin DWT. The effect of incomplete mixing on conversion in homogeneous reactions. Proceedings of 3rd European Symposium Chemical Reaction Engineering. Amsterdam/Oxford: Pergamon, 1964: 161–166.Search in Google Scholar

Oldershaw C. Perforated plate columns for analytical batch distillations. Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed 1941; 13: 265–268.10.1021/i560092a026Search in Google Scholar

Ottino JM, Ranz WE, Macosko CW. A lamellar model for analysis of liquid-liquid mixing. Chem Eng Sci 1979; 34: 877–890.10.1016/0009-2509(79)85145-3Search in Google Scholar

Paul EL, Atiemo-Obeng VA, Kresta SM. Handbook of industrial mixing: science and practice. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.10.1002/0471451452Search in Google Scholar

Phillips R, Rohani D, Baldyga J. Micromixing in a single-feed semi-batch precipitation process. AIChE J 1999; 45: 82–92.10.1002/aic.690450108Search in Google Scholar

Plerdsranoy P, Meethom S, Utke R. Dehydrogenation kinetics, reversibility, and reaction mechanisms of reversible hydrogen storage material based on nanoconfined MgH2-NaAlH4. J Phys Chem Solids 2015; 87: 16–22.10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.07.018Search in Google Scholar

Pope SB. PDF methods for turbulent reactive flows. Prog Energy Combust Sci 1985; 11: 119–192.10.1016/0360-1285(85)90002-4Search in Google Scholar

Porter KE. Why research is needed in distillation. Chem Eng Res Des 1995; 73: 357–361.Search in Google Scholar

Porter KE, Davies B, Enjugu BA, Ani CC. Investigating the effect of the liquid flow pattern on sieve tray performance by means of the water cooling technique. IChemE Symp Ser 1987; 104: 69–81.Search in Google Scholar

Porter KE, Yu KT, Chambers S, Zhang MQ. Flow patterns and temperature profiles on a 2.44 m diameter sieve tray. IChemE Symp Ser 1992; 128: A257–A273.Search in Google Scholar

Quan SP. Simulations of multiphase flows with multiple length scales using moving mesh interface tracking with adaptive meshing. J Comput Phys 2011; 230: 5430–5448.10.1016/j.jcp.2011.03.050Search in Google Scholar

Rayleigh L. On the convection currents in a horizontal layer of fluid when the higher temperature is on the under side. Philos Mag 1916; 32: 529–535.10.1080/14786441608635602Search in Google Scholar

Ritchie B, Tobgy A. A three-environment micromixing model for chemical reactors with arbitrary separate feedstreams. Chem Eng J 1979; 17: 173–182.10.1016/0300-9467(79)80101-XSearch in Google Scholar

Saboni A, Alexandrova S. Numerical study of the drag on a fluid sphere. AIChE J 2002; 48: 2992–2994.10.1002/aic.690481225Search in Google Scholar

Sadhal SS, Ayyaswamy PS, Chung JN. Transport phenomena with drops and bubbles. Springer, 1997: 267–268.10.1007/978-1-4612-4022-8Search in Google Scholar

Sha Y. Study on Rayleigh-Benard-Marangoni convection driven by the mass transfer (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

Sofos F, Karakasidis TE, Liakopoulos A. Effect of wall roughness on shear viscosity and diffusion in nanochannels. Int J Heat Mass Trans 2010; 53: 3839–3846.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.04.037Search in Google Scholar

Somers SA, Davis HT. Microscopic dynamics of fluids confined between smooth and atomically structured solid surfaces. J Chem Phys 1992; 96: 5389–5407.10.1063/1.462724Search in Google Scholar

Song HH. Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1989.Search in Google Scholar

Song HH, Wang ZC, Han ZQ, Huang J. Prediction of point efficiency. J Tianjin Univ 1995; 28: 309–315.Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZF. Study on the non-equilibrium phase transition in mass transfer process (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZM. Study on computational mass transfer in chemical engineering (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZF, Yu KT Wang SY, Miao YZ. Absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in and from organic solvent: effects of Rayleigh and Marangoni instability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002; 41: 1905–1913.10.1021/ie010707+Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZM, Yu KT, Yuan XG, Liu CJ. A modified model of computational mass transfer for distillation column. Chem Eng Sci 2007; 62: 1830–1850.10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.021Search in Google Scholar

Sun J, He YL, Tao WQ. Scale effect on flow and thermal boundaries in micro-/nano-channel flow using molecular dynamics-continuum hybrid simulation method. Int J Numer Meth Eng 2010; 81: 207–228.10.1002/nme.2683Search in Google Scholar

Sun ZM, Liu CJ, Yu GC, Yuan XG. Prediction of distillation column performance by computational mass transfer method. Chin Chem Eng 2011; 19: 833–844.10.1016/S1004-9541(11)60063-3Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS. CFD simulations of flow characteristics in pulsed-sieve-plate extraction columns. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011; 50: 1110–1114.10.1021/ie101788bSearch in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Li HB, Wang JD. Two-phase flow characteristics in a coalescence-dispersion pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column. Chin J Chem Eng 2004a; 12: 1–6.Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. Mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics in a coalescence-dispersion pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column. Chin J Chem Eng 2004b; 12: 857–861.Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. A dynamic forward mixing model for evaluating the mass transfer performances of an extraction column. Chem Eng Sci 2004c; 59: 4455–4464.10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.021Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. Optical probe technique for two-phase flow measurements in an extraction column. AIChE J 2005a; 51: 1565–1568.10.1002/aic.10404Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. An improved dynamic combined model for evaluating the mass transfer performances in extraction columns. Chem Eng Sci 2005b; 60: 4409–4421.10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.065Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Li HB, Wang J. A dynamic interaction mass transfer model for simulating the mass transfer process in extraction columns. Comput Chem Eng 2006; 30: 978–988.10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.12.018Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. Mechanism analysis on the two-phase flow characteristics in coalescence-dispersion pulsed-sieve-plate extraction columns. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008; 47: 9724–9727.10.1021/ie8002792Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Chen F, Luo GS, Luo G, Wang J. Estimation of axial dispersion in pulsed-plate extraction columns. Chem Eng Res Des 2009; 87: 1562–1566.10.1016/j.cherd.2009.04.001Search in Google Scholar

Tang XJ, Luo GS, Wang JD. A new equation for estimating the height of the mass transfer unit in extraction columns. Chem Eng Res Des 2011; 89: 254–261.10.1016/j.cherd.2010.07.010Search in Google Scholar

Tsuda S, Hyodo H, Watanabe S. Validation of bubble dynamics equation for a nano-scale bubble via molecular dynamics simulation. J Phys Conf Ser 2015; 656: 012039.10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012039Search in Google Scholar

Wallin S, Johansson AV. An explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows. J Fluid Mech 2000; 403: 89–132.10.1017/S0022112099007004Search in Google Scholar

Wang ZC. Non-ideal multi-component mass transfer and point efficiency on a sieve tray (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

Wang XL. Three dimension of fluid field and mass transfer simulation on distillation trays (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

Wang JD, Shen ZY, Wang CF. Study on two-phase flow characteristics in a liquid-liquid pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column. CIESC J (in Chinese) 1965; 16: 215–220.Search in Google Scholar

Wang XL, Liu CT, Yuan XG, Yu KT. Computational fluid-dynamics simulation of three-dimensional liquid flow and mass transfer on distillation column trays. Ind Eng Chem Res 2004; 43: 2556–2567.10.1021/ie030820vSearch in Google Scholar

Wang YY, Jing S, Wu QL, Wu W. Axial mixing and mass transfer characteristics of pulsed extraction column with discs and doughnuts. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 2006; 16: 178–184.10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60032-0Search in Google Scholar

Wang JF, Lu P, Wang ZH, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of unsteady mass transfer by the level set method. Chem Eng Sci 2008; 63: 3141–3151.10.1016/j.ces.2008.03.018Search in Google Scholar

Wang JF, Wang ZH, Lu P, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of the Marangoni effect on transient mass transfer from single moving deformable drops. AIChE J 2011; 57: 2670–2683.10.1002/aic.12494Search in Google Scholar

Wang ZH, Lu P, Wang Y, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of Marangoni effect induced by mass transfer during drop formation. AIChE J 2013; 59: 4424–4439.10.1002/aic.14161Search in Google Scholar

Wang YY, Xu JB, Yang C. Fluid inhomogeneity within nanoslits and deviation from Hagen-Poiseuille flow. AIChE J 2017; 63: 834–842.10.1002/aic.15409Search in Google Scholar

Wegener M, Paul N, Kraume M. Fluid dynamics and mass transfer at single droplets in liquid/liquid systems. Int J Heat Mass Trans 2014; 71: 475–495.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.12.024Search in Google Scholar

Whitby M, Quirke N. Fluid flow in carbon nanotubes and nanopipes. Nat Nanotechnol 2007; 2: 87–94.10.1038/nnano.2006.175Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Xie TL, Gao Y, Liu W. Droplet velocity, size, and local holdup measurements in an extraction column by tri-sensor optical probe. AICHE J 2015; 61: 3958–3963.10.1002/aic.14889Search in Google Scholar

Xu SL. Study on the characteristics of vapor-liquid flow on a sieve tray and tray efficiency. Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1995.Search in Google Scholar

Xu JB, Yang C, Sheng YJ, Tsao HK. Apparent hydrodynamic slip induced by density inhomogeneities at fluid-solid interfaces. Soft Matter 2015; 11: 6916–6920.10.1039/C5SM01627DSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of interphase mass transfer with the level set approach. Chem Eng Sci 2005; 60: 2643–2660.10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.054Search in Google Scholar

Yen TH, Soong CY, Tzeng PY. Hybrid molecular dynamics-continuum simulation for nano/mesoscale channel flows. Microfluid Nanofluid 2007; 3: 665–675.10.1007/s10404-007-0154-7Search in Google Scholar

Yeoh SL, Papadakis G, Yianneskis M. Determination of mixing time and degree of homogeneity in stirred vessels with large eddy simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2005; 60: 2293–2302.10.1016/j.ces.2004.10.048Search in Google Scholar

Yu KT, Yuan XG. Introduction to computational mass transfer – with application to chemical engineering, 2nd ed., Singapore: Springer, 2017.Search in Google Scholar

Yu KT, Huang J, Zhang ZT. The residence time distribution and efficiency of large tray. Proceedings of Joint Meeting of Chemical Engineering, CIESC and AIChE, Beijing, China, 1982:425.Search in Google Scholar

Yu KT, Huang J, Li JL, Song HH. Two-dimensional flow and eddy diffusion on a sieve tray. Chem Eng Sci 1990; 45: 2901–2906.10.1016/0009-2509(90)80181-DSearch in Google Scholar

Yu LM, Zeng AW, Yu GC. The effect of Marangoni convection in gas-liquid system. Trans Tianjin Univ 2006; 12: 391–398.Search in Google Scholar

Zeng AW, Yu KT, Yuan XG. An improved three-dimensional non-equilibrium mixing pool model. Chin J Chem Eng 1998; 6: 348–354.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang L, Yang C, Mao Z-S. An empirical correlation of drag coefficient for a single bubble rising in non-Newtonian liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008a; 47: 9767–9772.10.1021/ie8010319Search in Google Scholar

Zhang L, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Unsteady motion of a single bubble in highly viscous liquid and empirical correlation of drag coefficient. Chem Eng Sci 2008b; 63: 2099–2106.10.1016/j.ces.2008.01.010Search in Google Scholar

Zhang QH, Yong YM, Mao Z-S, Yang C, Zhao CJ. Experimental determination and numerical simulation of mixing time in a gas-liquid stirred tank. Chem Eng Sci 2009; 64: 2926–2933.10.1016/j.ces.2009.03.030Search in Google Scholar

Zhang L, Yang C, Mao Z-S. Numerical simulation of a bubble rising in shear-thinning fluids. J Non-Newton Fluid 2010; 165: 555–567.10.1016/j.jnnfm.2010.02.012Search in Google Scholar

Zhang JS, Yang C, Mao ZS. Mass and heat transfer from or to a single sphere in simple extensional creeping flow. AIChE J 2012a; 58: 3214–3223.10.1002/aic.12811Search in Google Scholar

Zhang QH, Yang C, Mao Z-S, Mu JJ. Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow and mixing time in a gas-liquid stirred tank. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012b; 51: 10124–10131.10.1021/ie202447nSearch in Google Scholar

Zhou G, Wang Y, Shi L. CFD study of mixing process in stirred tank. J Chem Ind Eng 2003; 54: 886–890.Search in Google Scholar

Zhu XJ. Study on liquid flow distribution and dispersion in a large scale column containing structured packing (in Chinese). Ph.D. dissertation. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 1995.Search in Google Scholar

Zhu XJ, Wang SY, Yu KT. Study on liquid phase dispersion in a large scale column containing corrugated structured packing. CIESC National Meeting, Beijing, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2017-06-25
Accepted: 2018-05-24
Published Online: 2019-06-12
Published in Print: 2019-12-18

©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini review
  3. Development of heavy oil upgrading technologies in China
  4. Reviews
  5. Progress in coal chemical technologies of China
  6. Membrane-based separation technologies: from polymeric materials to novel process: an outlook from China
  7. Advances in mineral processing technologies related to iron, magnesium, and lithium
  8. Research advances on process systems integration and process safety in China
  9. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of multiphase mass transfer process for industrial applications in China
https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0050
Keywords for this article
distillation column; extractor; multiphase mass transfer; numerical simulation; reactor

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Mini review
  3. Development of heavy oil upgrading technologies in China
  4. Reviews
  5. Progress in coal chemical technologies of China
  6. Membrane-based separation technologies: from polymeric materials to novel process: an outlook from China
  7. Advances in mineral processing technologies related to iron, magnesium, and lithium
  8. Research advances on process systems integration and process safety in China
  9. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of multiphase mass transfer process for industrial applications in China
Downloaded on 21.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/revce-2017-0050/html
Scroll to top button