N-Substituted carbazole heterocycles and derivatives as multipurpose chemical species: at the interface of chemical engineering, polymer and materials science

References

Adhikari RM, Shah BK, Palayangoda SS, Neckers DC. Solvent dependant optical switching in carbazole-based fluorescent nanoparticles. Langmuir 2009; 25: 2402–2406.10.1021/la802716wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Ajayan PM. Nanotubes from carbon. Chem Rev 1999; 99: 1787–1800.10.1021/cr970102gSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Albrecht K, Yamamoto K. Dendritic structure having a potential gradient: new synthesis and properties of carbazole dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131: 2244–2251.10.1021/ja807312eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Ambrose JF, Nelson RF. Anodic oxidation pathways of carbazoles: I. Carbazole and N-substituted derivatives. J Electrochem Soc 1968; 115: 1159–1164.10.1149/1.2410929Search in Google Scholar

Ambrose JF, Carpenter LL, Nelson RF. Electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of cation radicals. III. Reaction pathways of carbazolium radical ions. J Electrochem Soc 1975; 122: 876–894.10.1149/1.2134365Search in Google Scholar

Anzenbacher P Jr. Pyrrole-based anion sensors, Part I: Colorimetric sensors. Top Heterocycl Chem 2010; 24: 205–235.10.1007/7081_2010_40Search in Google Scholar

Ates M, Sarac AS. Conducting polymer coated carbon surfaces and biosensor applications. Prog Org Coat 2009; 66: 337–358.10.1016/j.porgcoat.2009.08.014Search in Google Scholar

Bao Y, Liu B, Wang H, Du F, Bai R. A highly sensitive and selective ratiometric Cd²⁺ fluorescent sensor for distinguishing Cd²⁺ from Zn²⁺ based on both fluorescence intensity and emission shift. Anal Methods 2011; 3: 1274–1276.10.1039/c1ay05194fSearch in Google Scholar

Baughman RH, Zakhidov AA, Heer WAD. Improved selectivity in discriminating handedness and diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes with N-substituted 3,6-carbazolylene-bridged chiral diporphyrin nanotweezers. Science 2002; 297: 787.10.1126/science.1060928Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Berry CC, Curtis ASG. Functionalisation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 2003; 36: R198–R206.10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/203Search in Google Scholar

Blouin N, Leclerc M. Poly(2,7-carbazole)s: structure-property relationships. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41: 1110–1119.10.1021/ar800057kSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Boas U, Heegaard PMH. Dendrimers in drug research. Chem Soc Rev 2004; 33: 43–63.10.1039/b309043bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Boudreault P-LT, Morin J-F, Leclerc M. Synthesis of poly(2,7-carbazole)s and derivatives. In: Leclerc M, Morin J-F, editors. Design and synthesis of conjugated polymers. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010a: 205–226.Search in Google Scholar

Boudreault PT, Beaupre S, Leclerc M. Polycarbazoles for plastic electronics. Polym Chem 2010b; 1: 127–136.10.1039/B9PY00236GSearch in Google Scholar

Burnworth M, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents. Chem Eur J 2007; 13: 7828–7836.10.1002/chem.200700720Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Butterworth MD, Bell SA, Armes SP, Simpson AW. Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-magnetite-silica particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 1996; 183: 91–99.10.1006/jcis.1996.0521Search in Google Scholar

Cadogan JIG, Todd MJ. Reduction of nitro- and nitroso-compounds by tervalent phosphorus reagents. Part IV. Mechanistic aspects of the reduction of 2,4,6-trimethyl-2′-nitrobiphenyl, 2-nitrobiphenyl, and nitrobenzene. J. Chem. Soc 1969; 2808–2813.10.1039/J39690002808Search in Google Scholar

Cadogan JIG, Cameron-Wood M, Mackie RK, Searle RJG. The reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Part XIX. Reduction of nitro-compounds by triethyl phosphite: a convenient new route to carbazoles, indoles, indazoles, triazoles, and related compounds. J Chem Soc 1965; 4831–4837.10.1039/jr9650004831Search in Google Scholar

Caminade A-M, Servin P, Laurent R, Majoral J-P. Dendrimeric phosphines in asymmetric catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37: 56–67.10.1039/B606569BSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen J, Reed MA, Rawlett AM, Tour J. Large on-off ratios and negative differential resistance in a molecular electronic device. Science 1999; 286: 1550–1552.10.1126/science.286.5444.1550Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Cosnier S, Le Pellec A, Marks RS, Périé K, Lellouche J-P. A permselective biotinylated polydicarbazole film for the fabrication of amperometric enzyme electrodes. Electrochem Commun 2003; 5: 973–977.10.1016/j.elecom.2003.09.008Search in Google Scholar

Cosnier S, Marks RS, Lellouche J-P, Périé K, Fologea D, Szunerits S. Electrogenerated poly(chiral dicarbazole) films for the reagentless grafting of enzymes. Electroanalysis 2000; 12: 1107–1112.10.1002/1521-4109(200010)12:14<1107::AID-ELAN1107>3.0.CO;2-8Search in Google Scholar

Cosnier S, Szunerits S, Marks RS, Lellouche J-P, Périé K. Mediated electrochemical detection of catechol by tyrosinase-based poly(dicarbazole) electrodes. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2001; 50: 65–77.10.1016/S0165-022X(01)00176-2Search in Google Scholar

Deng J, Ding X, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wang J, Long X, Li P, Chan ASC. Magnetic and conducting Fe₃O₄-cross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell structure. Polymer 2002; 43: 2179–2184.10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00046-0Search in Google Scholar

Ding J, Lü J, Cheng Y, Xie Z, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Effect of ancillary ligands on the properties of heteroleptic green iridium dendrimers functionalized with carbazole dendrons. J Organomet Chem 2009; 694: 2700–2704.10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.03.040Search in Google Scholar

Duan H, Liu L, Meng X, Qin D, Wang X, Du X, Wang C, Tian J. Study on a novel photorefractive polymer containing carbazole and phthalocyanine (I) synthesis and characterization. Synth Met 2009; 159: 1512–1516.10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.04.004Search in Google Scholar

Elming N, Clauson-Kaas N. The preparation of pyrroles from furans. Acta Chem Scand 1952; 6: 867–874.10.3891/acta.chem.scand.06-0867Search in Google Scholar

Flitton R, Johal J, Maeda S, Armes SP. Synthesis of colloidal dispersions of polypyrrole-silica nanocomposites using ‘stringy’ silica particle. J Colloid Interface Sci 1995; 173: 135–142.10.1006/jcis.1995.1306Search in Google Scholar

Gale PA. Synthetic indole, carbazole, biindole and indolocarbazole-based receptors: applications in anion complexation and sensing. Chem Commun 2008; 38: 4525–4540.10.1039/b809508fSearch in Google Scholar

Goldman D, Lellouche J-P. An easy method for the production of functional polypyrrole/MWCNT and polycarbazole/MWCNT composites using nucleophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2010; 48: 4170–4177.10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.032Search in Google Scholar

Goldman D, Girshevitz O, Lellouche J-P. AFM characterization of polydicarbazole-multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. J Adv Microsc Res 2011; 6: 215–222.10.1166/jamr.2011.1076Search in Google Scholar

Govindaraji S, Nakache P, Marks V, Pomerantz Z, Zaban A, Lellouche J-P. Novel carboxylated pyrrole- and carbazole-based monomers. synthesis and electro-oxidation features. J Org Chem 2006; 71: 9139–9143.10.1021/jo061531uSearch in Google Scholar

Grazulevicius JV, Strohriegl P, Pielichowski J, Pielichowski K. Synthesis of diblock copolymers containing poly(N-vinylcarbazole) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2003; 28: 1297–1353.10.1016/S0079-6700(03)00036-4Search in Google Scholar

Ho C-L, Chi L-C, Hung W-Y, Chen W-J, Lin Y-C, Wu H, Mondal E, Zhou G-J, Wong K-T Wong W-Y. Carbazole-based coplanar molecule (CmInF) as a universal host for multi-color electrophosphorescent devices. J Mater Chem 2012; 22: 215–224.10.1039/C1JM13794HSearch in Google Scholar

Huang Y, Duan X, Wei Q, Lieber CM. Directed assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures into functional networks. Science 2001; 291: 630–633.10.1126/science.291.5504.630Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Huczko A. Template-based synthesis of nanomaterials. Appl Phys A 2000; 70: 365–376.10.1007/s003390051050Search in Google Scholar

Jain KK. Nanodiagnostics: application of nanotechnology in molecular diagnostics. Exp Rev Mol Diagn 2003; 3: 153–161.10.1586/14737159.3.2.153Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jang J. Conducting polymer nanomaterials and their applications. Adv Polym Sci 2006; 199: 189–259.10.1007/12_075Search in Google Scholar

Jegadesan S, Sindhu S, Advincula RC, Valiyaveettil S. Direct electrochemical nanopatterning of polycarbazole monomer and precursor polymer films: ambient formation of thermally stable conducting nanopatterns. Langmuir 2006; 22: 780–786.10.1021/la0517686Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jiang H, Sun J, Zhang J. A review on synthesis of carbazole-based chromophores as organic light-emitting materials. Curr Org Chem 2012; 16: 2014–2025.10.2174/138527212803251604Search in Google Scholar

Juwarker H, Suk J, Jeong KS. Indoles and related heterocycles. Top Heterocycl Chem 2010; 24: 177–204.10.1007/7081_2010_31Search in Google Scholar

Kaewtong C, Jiang G, Felipe MJ, Pulpoka B, Advincula R. Self-assembly and electrochemical oxidation of polyamidoamine-carbazole dendron surfmer complexes: nanoring formation. ACS Nano 2008; 2: 1533–1542.10.1021/nn800098jSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Kertesz M, Choi CH, Yang S. Conjugated polymers and aromaticity. Chem Rev 2005; 105: 3448–3481.10.1021/cr990357pSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Kim HN, Guo Z, Zhu W, Yoon J, Tian H. Recent progress on polymer-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40: 79–93.10.1039/C0CS00058BSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Kim HN, Ren WX, Kim S, Yoon J. Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors for detection of lead, cadmium, and mercury ions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41: 3210–3244.10.1039/C1CS15245ASearch in Google Scholar

Knölker H-J, Reddy KR. Isolation and synthesis of biologically active carbazole alkaloids. Chem Rev 2002; 102: 4303–4428.10.1021/cr020059jSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Kumar N, Abbott NL, Kim E, Biebuyck HA, Whitesides GM. Patterned self-assembled monolayers and meso-scale phenomena. Acc Chem Res 1995; 28: 219–226.10.1021/ar00053a003Search in Google Scholar

Lee SB, Mitchell DT, Trofin L, Nevanen TK, Söderlund H, Martin CR. Antibody-based bio-nanotube membranes for enantiomeric drug separations. Science 2002; 296: 2198–2200.10.1126/science.1071396Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lellouche J-P, Govindaraji S, Joseph A, Buzhansky L, Bruce I, Bauminger ER, Schlesinger J. Magnetically responsive carboxylated magnetite-polydipyrrole/polydicarbazole nanocomposites of core-shell morphology. preparation, characterization, and use in DNA hybridization. J Am Chem Soc 2005a; 127: 11998–12006.10.1021/ja050285lSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Lellouche J-P, Govindaraji S, Joseph A, Jang J, Lee KJ. Polydipyrrole- and polydicarbazole-nanorods as new nanosized supports for DNA hybridization. Chem Commun 2005b; 4357–4359.10.1039/b502483hSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Lellouche J-P, Perlman N, Joseph A, Govindaraji S, Buzhansky L, Yakir A, Bruce I. New magnetically responsive polydicarbazole-magnetite nanoparticles. Chem Commun 2004; 560–561.10.1039/b309375aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Lellouche J-P, Pomerantz Z, Ghosh S. Towards hybrid carbazole/pyrrole-based carboxylated monomers: chemical synthesis, characterisation and electro-oxidation properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2011a; 52: 6903–6907.10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.047Search in Google Scholar

Lellouche J-P, Pomerantz Z, Persky R, Gottlieb HE, Ghosh S. Star-shaped dendritic molecules based on carboxylated carbazole and pyrrole as peripheral oxidizable units. Synth Met 2011b; 161: 2378–2383.10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.09.004Search in Google Scholar

Lemasson F, Berton N, Tittmann J, Henrich F, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Polymer library comprising fluorene and carbazole homo- and copolymers for selective single-walled carbon nanotubes extraction. Macromolecules 2012; 45: 713–722.10.1021/ma201890gSearch in Google Scholar

Lemasson FA, Strunk T, Gerstel P, Hennrich F, Lebedkin S, Barner-Kowollik C, Wenzel W, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes with specific chiral indices by poly(N-decyl-2,7-carbazole). J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133: 652–655.10.1021/ja105722uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Li J, Grimsdale AC. Carbazole-based polymers for organic photovoltaic devices. Chem. Soc. Rev 2010; 39: 2399–2410.Search in Google Scholar

Lin Y-H, Wu H-H, Wong K-T, Hsieh C-C, Lin Y-C, Chou P-T. Modulate photoinduced electron transfer efficiency of bipolar dendritic systems. Org Lett 2008; 10: 3211–3214.10.1021/ol801096cSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Liu J, He W, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Yuan L, Chen H, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Bifunctional nanoparticles with fluorescence and magnetism via surface-initiated AGET ATRP mediated by an iron catalyst. Langmuir 2011; 27: 12684–12692.10.1021/la202749vSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Liu J, Zhang L, Shi S, Chen S, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Cheng Z, Zhu X. A novel and universal route to SIO₂-supported organic/inorganic hybrid noble metal nanomaterials via surface RAFT polymerization. Langmuir 2010; 26: 14806–14813.10.1021/la102994gSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Lo S-C, Namdas EB, Shipley CP, Markham JPJ, Anthopolous TD, Burn PL, Samuel IDW. The synthesis and properties of iridium cored dendrimers with carbazole dendrons. Org Electron 2006; 7: 85–98.10.1016/j.orgel.2005.11.003Search in Google Scholar

Loiseau F, Campagna S, Hameurlaine A, Dehaen W. Dendrimers made of porphyrin cores and carbazole chromophores as peripheral units. Absorption spectra, luminescence properties, and oxidation behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127: 11352–11363.10.1021/ja0514444Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Mahapatra AK, Roy J, Sahoo P. Fluorescent carbazolyldithiane as a highly selective chemodosimeter via protection/deprotection functional groups: a ratiometric fluorescent probe for Cd(II). Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52: 2965–2968.10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.109Search in Google Scholar

Malenovska M, Litschauer M, Neouze M-A, Schubert U, Peled A, Lellouche J-P. Multi-component hybrid inorganic-organic-inorganic particles with various metal oxide outer shells. J Organomet Chem 2009; 694: 1076–1080.10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.09.035Search in Google Scholar

Malenovska M, Neouze M-A, Schubert U, Peled A, Lellouche J-P. Multi-component hybrid organic-inorganic particles with highly dispersed silver nanoparticles in the external shell. Dalton Trans 2008; 4647–4651.10.1039/b806820hSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Manickam M, Iqbal P, Belloni M, Kumar S, Preece JA. A brief review of carbazole-based photorefractive liquid crystalline materials. Israel J. Chem 2012; 52: 917–934.Search in Google Scholar

Martin CR. Nanomaterials: a membrane-based synthetic approach. Science 1994; 266: 1961–1966.10.1126/science.266.5193.1961Search in Google Scholar PubMed

McClenaghan ND, Passalacqua R, Loiseau F, Campagna S, Verheyde B, Hameurlaine A, Dehaen W. Ruthenium (II) dendrimers containing carbazole-based chromophores as branches. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125: 5356–5365.10.1021/ja021373ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Morin J-F, Leclerc M. Syntheses of conjugated polymers derived from N-alkyl-2,7-carbazoles. Macromolecules 2001; 34: 4680–4682.10.1021/ma010152uSearch in Google Scholar

Morin J-F, Leclerc M, Adés D, Siove A. Polycarbazoles: 25 years of progress. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005; 26: 761–778.10.1002/marc.200500096Search in Google Scholar

Mornet S, Vasseur S, Grasse F, Duguet E. Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical diagnosis and therapy. J Mater Chem 2004; 14: 2161–2175.10.1039/b402025aSearch in Google Scholar

Naddaka M, Mondal E, Lellouche J-P. Oxidative fabrication of spherical polycarbazole-based. Mater Lett 2011a; 65: 1165–1167.10.1016/j.matlet.2011.01.028Search in Google Scholar

Naddaka M, Mondal E, Lellouche J-P. Preparation of novel photoreactive polycarbazole-based microparticles: reactivity features. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 2011b; 49: 4687–4693.10.1002/pola.24916Search in Google Scholar

Nakabayashi K, Mori H. Novel complex polymers with carbazole functionality by controlled radical polymerization. Int. J. Polym. Sci 2012;ID 170912: 18.10.1155/2012/170912Search in Google Scholar

Omer KM, Ku S-Y, Chen Y-C, Wong K-T, Bard AJ. Electrochemical behavior and electrogenerated chemiluminescence of star-shaped D-A compounds with a 1,3,5-triazine core and substituted fluorene arms. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132: 10944–10952.10.1021/ja104160fSearch in Google Scholar

Ozawa H, Fujigaya T, Song S, Suh H, Nakashima N. Different chiral selective recognition/extraction of (n,m) single-walled carbon nanotubes using copolymers carrying a carbazole or fluorene moiety. Chem Lett 2011; 40: 470–472.10.1246/cl.2011.470Search in Google Scholar

Palayangoda SS, Cai X, Adhikari RM, Neckers DC. Carbazole-based donor-acceptor compounds: highly fluorescent organic nanoparticles. Org Lett 2008; 10: 281–284.10.1021/ol702666gSearch in Google Scholar

Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK Dobson J. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 2003; 36: R167–R181.10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201Search in Google Scholar

Panthi K, Adhikari RM, Kinstle TH. Carbazole donor-carbazole linker-based compounds: preparation, photophysical properties, and formation of fluorescent nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114: 4550–4557.10.1021/jp912286uSearch in Google Scholar

Payne AG. Using immunomagnetic technology and other means to facilitate stem cell homing. Med Hypotheses 2004; 62: 718–720.10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.008Search in Google Scholar

Peled A, Kotlyar V, Lellouche J-P. A new method for the preparation of silica-polycarbazole composite particles of a core-shell morphology. J Mater Chem 2009; 19: 268–273.10.1039/B813482KSearch in Google Scholar

Périé K, Marks R, Szunerits S, Cosnier S, Lellouche J-P. Novel electro-oxidizable chiral N-substituted dicarbazoles and resulting electroactive films for covalent attachment of proteins. Tetrahedron Lett, 2000; 41: 3725–3729.10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00475-5Search in Google Scholar

Poncharal P, Wang ZL, Ugarte D, de Heer WA. Electrostatic deflections and electromechanical resonances of carbon nanotubes. Science 1999; 283: 1513–1516.10.1126/science.283.5407.1513Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Pron A, Gawrys P, Zagorska M, Djurado D, Demadrille R. Electroactive materials for organic electronics: preparation strategies, structural aspects and characterization techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39: 2577–2632.10.1039/b907999hSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Radhakrishnan B, Ranjan R, Brittain W. Surface initiated polymerizations from silica nanoparticles. J Soft Matter 2006; 2: 386–396.10.1039/b516508cSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Rahman AFMM, Wang F, Matsuda K, Kimura T, Komatsu N. Diameter-based separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes through selective extraction with dipyrene nanotweezers. Chem Sci 2011; 2: 862–867.10.1039/c0sc00635aSearch in Google Scholar

Ravindranath R, Ajikumar PK, Bahulayan S, Hanafiah NBM, Baba A, Advincula RC, Knoll W, Valiyaveettil S. Ultrathin conjugated polymer network films of carbazole functionalized poly(p-phenylenes) via electropolymerization. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111: 6336–6343.10.1021/jp070127bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Roncali J. Electrogenerated functional conjugated polymers as advanced electrode materials. J Mater Chem 1999; 9: 1875–1893.10.1039/a902747eSearch in Google Scholar

Roy J, Jana AK, Mal D. Recent trends in the synthesis of carbazoles: an update. Tetrahedron 2012; 68: 6099–6121.10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.007Search in Google Scholar

Sadki S, Schottland P, Brodie N, Sabouraud G. The mechanisms of pyrrole electropolymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2000; 29: 283–293.10.1039/a807124aSearch in Google Scholar

Santos CM, Tria MCR, Vergara RAMV, Ahmed F, Advincula RC, Rodrigues DF. Antimicrobial graphene polymer (PVK-GO) nanocomposite films. Chem Commun 2011; 47: 8892–8894.10.1039/c1cc11877cSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Sinha S, Kumar S, Koner RR, Mathew J, Nandi CK, Ghosh S. Carboxylated ‘locking unit’ directed ratiometric probe design, synthesis and application in selective recognition of Fe³⁺/Cu²⁺. RSC Adv 2013; 3: 6271–6277.10.1039/c3ra23442hSearch in Google Scholar

Talham DR. Conducting and magnetic Langmuir-Blodgett films. Chem. Rev 2004; 104: 5479–5502.Search in Google Scholar

Tao Y, Yang C, Qin J. Organic host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40: 2943–2970.10.1039/c0cs00160kSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Taranekar P, Fulghum T, Patton D, Ponnapati R, Clyde G, Advincula R. Investigating carbazole jacketed precursor dendrimers: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical crosslinking properties. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 12537–12548.10.1021/ja074007tSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Tran-Van F, Henri T, Chevrot C. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of mixed ionic and electronic modified polycarbazole. Electrochim Acta 2002; 47: 2927–2936.10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00171-8Search in Google Scholar

Upamali KAN, Estrada LA, De PK, Cai X, Krause JA, Neckers DC. Carbazole-based cyano-stilbene highly fluorescent microcrystals. Langmuir 2011; 27: 1573–1580.10.1021/la103894xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Wakim S, Aïch BR, Tao Y, Leclerc M. Charge transport, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric properties of poly(2,7-Carbazole) and poly(Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole) derivatives. Polym Rev 2008; 48: 432–462.10.1080/15583720802231726Search in Google Scholar

Walter MV, Malkoch M. Simplifying the synthesis of dendrimers: accelerated approaches. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41: 4593–4609.10.1039/c2cs35062aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Wang F, Matsuda K, Rahman AFMM, Kimura T, Komatsu N. Improved selectivity in discriminating handedness and diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes with N-substituted 3,6-carbazolylene-bridged chiral diporphyrin nanotweezers. Nanoscale 2011; 3: 4117–4124.10.1039/c1nr10211gSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Wharton SI, Henry JB, McNab H, Mount AR. The production and characterisation of novel conducting redox-active oligomeric thin films from electrooxidised indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole. Chem Eur J 2009; 15: 5482–5490.10.1002/chem.200900097Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Wong K-T, Lin Y-H, Wu H-H, Fungo F. Synthesis and properties of dumbbell-shaped dendrimers containing 9-phenylcarbazole dendrons. Org Lett 2007; 9: 4531–4534.10.1021/ol702060uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Xu T, Lu R, Liu X, Zheng X, Qiu X, Zhao Y. Phosphorus(V) porphyrins with axial carbazole-based dendritic substituents. Org Lett 2007; 9: 797–800.10.1021/ol062979kSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Yang J, Ye T, Ma D, Zhang Q. “Click” chemistry synthesis of carbazole dendrimer as host material for electrophosphorescent device. Synth Met 2011; 161: 330–334.10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.11.047Search in Google Scholar

Yang P, Gai S, Lin J. Functionalized mesoporous silica materials for controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41: 3679–3698.10.1039/c2cs15308dSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

You J, Li G, Wang Z. Dendrimers with tetraphenylsilane core and 9-phenylcarbazole-based dendrons: synthesis, photophysics, and electrochemical behavior. RSC Adv 2012; 2: 9488–9494.10.1039/c2ra21439cSearch in Google Scholar

Zhou L, Yuan J, Yuan W, Zhou M, Wu S, Li Z, Xing X, Shen D. Synthesis and characterization of multi-functional hybrid magnetite nanoparticles with biodegradability, superparamagnetism, and fluorescence. Mater Lett 2009; 63: 1567–1570.10.1016/j.matlet.2009.03.030Search in Google Scholar

Zhou L, Cai Z, Yuan J, Kang Y, Yuan W, Shen D. Multifunctional hybrid magnetite nanoparticles with pH-responsivity, superparamagnetism and fluorescence. Polym Int 2011; 60: 1303–1308.10.1002/pi.3081Search in Google Scholar