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Energy efficiency and sustainability in composites industry

  • Salit Mohd Sapuan ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas EMAIL logo , Agus Nugroho and Lakshminarasimhan Rajeshkumar
Published/Copyright: June 9, 2025
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Abstract

Composite materials are tailor-made materials that constitute matrix and fiber-based reinforcements that are collectively bonded to obtain a material that possesses a combination of properties of both the precursor materials. The current article reviews the wide composite materials processes; furthermore, when it comes to manufacturing composites, cost is a very influential factor. The manufacture of composites is not cheap. The processes require resources, infrastructure, and energy. Therefore, energy-saving measures are worthwhile things to research. And said measures are also included in this work. Also present are information regarding existing conventional energy sources as well as potential alternative sources for the composite industry.


Corresponding authors: Salit Mohd Sapuan, Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; and Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, E-mail: ; and Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; and Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia, E-mail:

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the editors S.M. Sapuan, Mohd Roshdi Hassan, Eris Elianddy Supeni, and Azizan As’arry for their guidance and review of this article before its publication.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-12-07
Accepted: 2025-02-03
Published Online: 2025-06-09

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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