Sugar palm (Arenga p innata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
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A. Nazrin
,
S. M. Sapuan
Abstract
The growing consciousness about global environmental concerns, particularly landfills, in conjunction with the rapid use of petroleum-based plastics, is a key factor behind the use of natural and biodegradable polymers in short-life applications like food packaging, container, and tray. Sugar palm stem is a biomass that has proven the potential to produce biodegradable polymers such as sugar palm starch. Nevertheless, their applications were limited due to their low tensile strength and excessive hydrophilicity. Plasticization using polyols, reinforcement with sugar palm fiber, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or nanocellulose, blending with thermoplastic polymer, and addition of essential oils has been used to maximize the functional qualities of the starch biopolymer. As the content of plasticizers grew, the glass transition temperature and water absorption ability decreased. Furthermore, the addition of sugar palm nanocellulose to sugar palm starch improves the performances of sugar palm starch-based films as a packaging material. Addition of essential oil contributes to antibacterial properties and slightly improved tensile strength of the film. A comprehensive understanding on the interaction of starch-based biodegradable polymer and nanocellulose constituents for enhancing the physico-chemical properties of starch-based films is prerequisite for researchers in the design of industrial products with enhanced functional attributes. To address the knowledge gap, more studies including the reinforcement of new types of biodegradable polymer and nanocellulose derived from natural sources should be conducted in order to continually populate the database for research purposes.
Funding source: Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE)
Award Identifier / Grant number: JPT (BPKI) 1000/016/018/25 (57)
Funding source: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Award Identifier / Grant number: PY/2022/02318— Q.J130000.3851.21H99
Funding source: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: The authors would like express gratitude for the financial support received from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, project “The impact of Malaysian bamboos’ chemical and fibre characteristics on their pulp and paper properties, grant number PY/2022/02318—Q.J130000.3851.21H99”. The research has been carried out under the program Research Excellence Consortium (JPT (BPKI) 1000/016/018/25 (57)) provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Biopolymeric composite materials for environmental applications
- Evaluation of phytochemicals and amino acid profiles of four vegetables grown on a glyphosate contaminated soil in Southwestern Nigeria
- Synthesis, characterization and in vitro activity study of some organotin(IV) carboxylates against leukemia cancer cell, L-1210
- Maximizing advantages and minimizing misinterpretation risks when using analogies in the presentation of chemistry concepts: a design challenge
- Computational chemistry in the undergraduate inorganic curriculum
- Phytochemical components and GC–MS analysis of Petiveria alliaceae L. fractions and volatile oils
- Sugar palm (Arenga p innata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Photoprotection strategies with antioxidant extracts: a new vision
- Light-driven bioprocesses
- A systematic DFT study of arsenic doped iron cluster AsFe n (n = 1–4)
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Biopolymeric composite materials for environmental applications
- Evaluation of phytochemicals and amino acid profiles of four vegetables grown on a glyphosate contaminated soil in Southwestern Nigeria
- Synthesis, characterization and in vitro activity study of some organotin(IV) carboxylates against leukemia cancer cell, L-1210
- Maximizing advantages and minimizing misinterpretation risks when using analogies in the presentation of chemistry concepts: a design challenge
- Computational chemistry in the undergraduate inorganic curriculum
- Phytochemical components and GC–MS analysis of Petiveria alliaceae L. fractions and volatile oils
- Sugar palm (Arenga p innata) thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose
- Photoprotection strategies with antioxidant extracts: a new vision
- Light-driven bioprocesses
- A systematic DFT study of arsenic doped iron cluster AsFe n (n = 1–4)
