Mixed metal oxide pigments
-
Gerhard Pfaff
Abstract
Mixed metal oxide (MMO) pigments, also knowns as complex inorganic color pigments (CICPs), are an important class of inorganic pigments. They are representatives of the blue, green, yellow, brown, and black pigments. These pigments are called mixed complex because they contain two or more different metals in the composition. Their main advantages are high opacity, heat stability, useful infrared properties, light- and weather fastness, and chemical resistance. MMOs are solid solutions of metal oxides, which are homogenously distributed in their crystal lattices. They are based on different types of crystal structures, such as rutile, spinel, inverse spinel, hematite, priderite, and pseudobrookite. Other products belonging to the CICPs besides the rutile and spinel type MMOs are pigments based on zirconium silicate (zircon, ZrSiO4). Such compositions belong to the class of ceramic pigments (color stains for glazes).
References
1. Endriss H. Aktuelle anorganische Buntpigmente, Zorll U, editor. Hannover: Vincentz Verlag, 1997:94.Search in Google Scholar
2. Etzrodt G. In Kittel - Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen. Spille J, editor. vol. 5. 2nd ed. Stuttgart/Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag, 2003:96.Search in Google Scholar
3. Brussaard H. In industrial inorganic pigments. Buxbaum G, Pfaff. G, editors. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2005:116.Search in Google Scholar
4. White J. In high performance pigments. Faulkner EB, Schwartz RJ, editors. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2009:41.10.1002/9783527626915.ch5Search in Google Scholar
5. Pfaff G. Inorganic pigments. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017:115.10.1515/9783110484519Search in Google Scholar
6. Maloney J. In high performance pigments. Faulkner EB, Schwartz R, editors. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2009:53.10.1002/9783527626915.ch6Search in Google Scholar
7. Batchelor RW. Modern inorganic pigments. Trans Br Ceram Soc. 1974;73:297.Search in Google Scholar
8. Kleinschmidt P. Ein Kapitel angewandte Festkörperchemie: Zirkonsilicat-Farbkörper Chem Unserer Zeit. 1986;20:182.10.1002/ciuz.19860200604Search in Google Scholar
9. Pfaff G. in Winnacker – Küchler, Chemische Technik, Prozesse und Produkte. Dittmeyer R, Keim W, Kreysa G, Oberholz A, editor. vol. 7. 5th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2004:334.Search in Google Scholar
10. Beyer HH, Broll A., Kleinschmidt P. Einschlußpigmente, Farbkörper nach einem neuen Prinzip. Chem Ztg. 1977;101:319.Search in Google Scholar
11. White JP. Complex inorganic color pigments: Durable pigments for demanding applications. Paint Coat Ind. 2000;16:54.Search in Google Scholar
12. Bendiganavale AK, Malshe VC. Infrared reflecting inorganic pigments. Recent PaT Chem Eng. 2008;1:67.10.2174/1874478810801010067Search in Google Scholar
13. Burkhart G, Detrie T, Swiler D. When black is white. Paint Coat Ind. 2001;17:30.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
