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Post-treatment of polysulfone/zeolite-templated carbon mixed matrix membranes by heating and surface coating for enhanced gas separation performance

  • Rika Wijiyanti , Alvin Rahmad Widyanto and Nurul Widiastuti EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: February 16, 2026
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Journal of Polymer Engineering
From the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 46 Issue 3

Abstract

Gas separation is crucial in industries such as natural gas sweetening, CO2 removal, and oxygen/nitrogen enrichment. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have emerged as a promising solution, and zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC), with high surface area and uniform pore structure, serves as an effective filler to enhance performance. In this study, polysulfone (PSF)/ZTC MMMs with 0.25–0.5 wt% ZTC were fabricated using the dry-jet wet spinning technique. However, avoiding interfacial voids in MMMs proved challenging, resulting in reduced separation efficiency. This research aims to enhance separation performance by modifying membrane surfaces through post-treatment (heating and coating) to minimize these voids. The MMM PSF/ZTC was altered by heating at 200 °C for 30, 120, and 240 min, surface coating with polydimethylsiloxane, or a combination of both. The 0.25 wt% ZTC MMM modified by heating for 240 min followed by coating exhibited remarkable selectivity improvements: O2/N2 increased from 1.93 to 8.56, CO2/N2 from 6.05 to 45.38, and CO2/CH4 from 5.28 to 46.42 (via coating alone). SEM analysis revealed denser and smoother surfaces after modification, while DSC indicated that prolonged heating reduced permeance due to decreased polymer chain mobility. These results demonstrate that heating and coating synergistically enhance adhesion between polymer and filler particles.

Keywords: zeolite-templated carbon; heating; coating; gas separation; mixed matrix membrane
Corresponding author: Nurul Widiastuti, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia, E-mail:

Funding source: Program of Enhancing Quality Education for International University Impacts and Recognition World Class University 2025

Award Identifier / Grant number: 4299/B3/DT.03.08/2025 and 3029/PKS/ITS/2025

Funding source: Program Penelitian Magister Doktor Sarjana Unggul (PMDSU)

Award Identifier / Grant number: 028/ SP2H/PTNBH/DRPM/2018

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for funding support under the Program Penelitian Magister Doktor Sarjana Unggul (PMDSU) (Contract no. 028/SP2H/PTNBH/DRPM/2018). The authors also wish to express their gratitude to the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, for funding support under the Program of Enhancing Quality Education for International University Impacts and Recognition World Class University 2025 (Contract nos. 4299/B3/DT.03.08/2025 and 3029/PKS/ITS/2025).

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: Conceptualization: NW, RW; Methodology: RW; Investigation: RW; Formal analysis & writing: RW, ARW; Review and Editing: NW, RW, ARW.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: All other authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This work was supported by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2025-0156).

Received: 2025-09-04
Accepted: 2026-01-20
Published Online: 2026-02-16
Published in Print: 2026-03-26

© 2026 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Preparation and Assembly
  3. Recent progress in flexible sensor research in recent five years
  4. Manufacturing and characterization of natural zeolite-filled TPU composites: influence of loading ratio and calcination of zeolite
  5. Fabrication and characterization of high-performance heat-resistant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites reinforced with carbon fibers
  6. Preparation and performance evaluation of dextrin-modified slow-release hydration heat inhibitor
  7. Post-treatment of polysulfone/zeolite-templated carbon mixed matrix membranes by heating and surface coating for enhanced gas separation performance
  8. Engineering and Processing
  9. Computational design and analysis of biocompatible shape memory polymer-based self-expandable stent
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https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2025-0156
Keywords for this article
zeolite-templated carbon; heating; coating; gas separation; mixed matrix membrane

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Preparation and Assembly
  3. Recent progress in flexible sensor research in recent five years
  4. Manufacturing and characterization of natural zeolite-filled TPU composites: influence of loading ratio and calcination of zeolite
  5. Fabrication and characterization of high-performance heat-resistant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) composites reinforced with carbon fibers
  6. Preparation and performance evaluation of dextrin-modified slow-release hydration heat inhibitor
  7. Post-treatment of polysulfone/zeolite-templated carbon mixed matrix membranes by heating and surface coating for enhanced gas separation performance
  8. Engineering and Processing
  9. Computational design and analysis of biocompatible shape memory polymer-based self-expandable stent
  10. Utilizing electrospun cellulose adsorption nanofilters derived from mangrove roots and polyacrylonitrile for desalination
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