Home Preparation and evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a drug controlled release agent for a hydrophilic drug
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Preparation and evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a drug controlled release agent for a hydrophilic drug

  • Azin Paydayesh EMAIL logo , Shirin Soltani and Arezoo Sh Dadkhah ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: June 15, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Journal of Polymer Engineering
From the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 43 Issue 7

Abstract

We report the preparation and application of ZnO/PVA nanocomposite hydrogel containing diclofenac sodium drug (DS) as a drug delivery system. The purpose of designing the nanocomposite hydrogels is to reduce the frequency of use and its side effects, and increase the effect of the drug. The desired nanocomposite hydrogel were prepared through the freezing–melting cycle. The structure and morphology were determined by FTIR and SEM, respectively. The gel fraction increased with adding the nanoparticles, from 67.49 % to 97.69 %. This amount also reaches 97.97 % by adding the drug. The degree of swelling decreased with increasing the amounts of nanoparticles and DS (998 % for PVA-710 % for 1 wt% DS). Based on the result of antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, the inhibition zones around the sample were about 2 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and for Escherichia coli. The cell viability of hydrogel increased from 66.02 % to 79.84 % with increasing the amount of DS. The biodegradation of PVA, is also higher (5–27.17 %) than ZnO/PVA with (3.8–20.2 %) and without (4–23.53 %) drug. The modeling results showed that Peppas–Korsmeyer is a good model for DS release from ZnO/PVA and the diffusion mechanism of DS is Fickian. In this way, we introduced an effective system for drug delivery.

Keywords: drug release; nanocomposite hydrogel; polyvinyl alcohol
Corresponding author: Azin Paydayesh, Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr Branch, Mahshahr 6351977439, Iran, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Fundueanu, G., Constantin, M., Ascenzi, P. Preparation and characterization of pH-and temperature-sensitive pullulan microspheres for controlled release of drugs. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 2767–2775.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed

2. Huynh, D. P., Nguyen, M. K., Pi, B. S., Kim, M. S., Chae, S. Y., Lee, K. C., Kim, B. S., Kim, S. W., Lee, D. S. Functionalized injectable hydrogels for controlled insulin delivery. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 2527–2534.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Wang, Y.-C., Liu, X.-Q., Sun, T.-M., Xiong, M.-H., Wang, J. Functionalized micelles from block copolymer of polyphosphoester and poly (ɛ-caprolactone) for receptor-mediated drug delivery. J. Contr. Release 2008, 128, 32–40.10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.01.021Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Gull, N., Khan, S. M., Khalid, S., Zia, S., Islam, A., Sabir, A., Sultan, M., Hussain, F., Khan, R. U., Butt, M. T. Z. Designing of biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan based crosslinked hydrogel for in vitro release of encapsulated povidone-iodine: a clinical translation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 164, 4370–4380.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.031Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Farasati Far, B., Omrani, M., Naimi Jamal, M. R., Javanshir, S. Multi-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled release of vincristine. Chem. Commun. 2023, 6, 28.10.1038/s42004-023-00829-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

6. Kim, J., Conway, A., Chauhan, A. Extended delivery of ophthalmic drugs by silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 2259–2269.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.01.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Tang, Y., Singh, J. Controlled delivery of aspirin: effect of aspirin on polymer degradation and in vitro release from PLGA based phase sensitive systems. Int. J. Pharm. 2008, 357, 119–125.10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.053Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Gull, N., Khan, S. M., Butt, M. T. Z., Zia, S., Khalid, S., Islam, A., Sajid, I., Khan, R. U., King, M. W. Hybrid cross-linked hydrogels as a technology platform for in vitro release of cephradine. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2019, 30, 2414–2424.10.1002/pat.4688Search in Google Scholar

9. Hou, R., Zhang, G., Du, G., Zhan, D., Cong, Y., Cheng, Y., Fu, J. Magnetic nanohydroxyapatite/PVA composite hydrogels for promoted osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. Colloids Surf., B 2013, 103, 318–325.10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.067Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Sirousazar, M., Kokabi, M., Hassan, Z. Swelling behavior and structural characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 123, 50–58.10.1002/app.34437Search in Google Scholar

11. Song, F., Li, X., Wang, Q., Liao, L., Zhang, C. Nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2015, 11, 40–52.10.1166/jbn.2015.1962Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Lin, C.-C., Metters, A. T. Hydrogels in controlled release formulations: network design and mathematical modeling. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2006, 58, 1379–1408.10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Parsa, P., Paydayesh, A., Davachi, S. M. Investigating the effect of tetracycline addition on nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan nanoparticles for specific medical applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 121, 1061–1069.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.074Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Davachi, S. M., Kaffashi, B. Preparation and characterization of poly L-lactide/triclosan nanoparticles for specific antibacterial and medical applications. Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater. 2015, 64, 497–508.10.1080/00914037.2014.977897Search in Google Scholar

15. Davachi, S. M., Kaffashi, B., Zamanian, A., Torabinejad, B., Ziaeirad, Z. Investigating composite systems based on poly l-lactide and poly l-lactide/triclosan nanoparticles for tissue engineering and medical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 2016, 58, 294–309.10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Davoodi, S., Oliaei, E., Davachi, S. M., Hejazi, I., Seyfi, J., Heidari, B. S., Ebrahimi, H. Preparation and characterization of interface-modified PLA/starch/PCL ternary blends using PLLA/triclosan antibacterial nanoparticles for medical applications. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 39870–39882.10.1039/C6RA07667JSearch in Google Scholar

17. Kumar, A., Han, S. S. PVA-based hydrogels for tissue engineering: a review. Inter. J. Polym. Mat. Polym. Biomat. 2017, 66, 159–182.10.1080/00914037.2016.1190930Search in Google Scholar

18. Weinand, C., Pomerantseva, I., Neville, C. M., Gupta, R., Weinberg, E., Madisch, I., Shapiro, F., Abukawa, H., Troulis, M. J., Vacanti, J. P. Hydrogel-β-TCP scaffolds and stem cells for tissue engineering bone. Bone 2006, 38, 555–563.10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Reza Saboktakin, M., Tabatabaei, R. M. Supramolecular hydrogels as drug delivery systems. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 75, 426–436.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Gordon, N., Sagman, U., Alliance, C. N. Nanomedicine Taxonomy; Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Canada, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

21. Farzinfar, E., Paydayesh, A. Investigation of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite hydrogels containing chitosan nanoparticles as wound dressing. Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater. 2019, 68, 628–638.10.1080/00914037.2018.1482463Search in Google Scholar

22. Khalilipour, A., Paydayesh, A. Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO nanocomposite hydrogels for wound dressings. J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys. 2019, 58, 371–384.10.1080/00222348.2018.1560936Search in Google Scholar

23. Basmadjian, D., Sefton, M. Relationship between release rate and surface concentration for heparinized materials. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1983, 17, 509–518.10.1002/jbm.820170310Search in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Colombo, P., Conte, U., Caramella, C., Gazzaniga, A., La Manna, A. Compressed polymeric mini-matrices for drug release control. J. Control. Release 1985, 1, 283–289.10.1016/0168-3659(85)90004-5Search in Google Scholar

25. Thanoo, B., Sunny, M., Jayakrishnan, A. Controlled release of oral drugs from cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol microspheres. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1993, 45, 16–20.10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03671.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Kayal, S., Ramanujan, R. Doxorubicin loaded PVA coated iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 2010, 30, 484–490.10.1016/j.msec.2010.01.006Search in Google Scholar

27. Zhang, L., Wang, Z., Xu, C., Li, Y., Gao, J., Wang, W., Liu, Y. High strength graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogels. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 10399–10406.10.1039/c0jm04043fSearch in Google Scholar

28. Zhou, H., Shi, T., Zhou, X. Poly (vinyl alcohol)/SiO2 composite microsphere based on Pickering emulsion and its application in controlled drug release. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2014, 25, 641–656.10.1080/09205063.2014.890919Search in Google Scholar PubMed

29. Şanlı, O., Olukman, M. Preparation of ferric ion crosslinked acrylamide grafted poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate microspheres and application in controlled release of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. Drug Deliv. 2014, 21, 213–220.10.3109/10717544.2013.844743Search in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Salama, A., Diab, M. A., Abou-Zeid, R. E., Aljohani, H. A., Shoueir, K. R. Crosslinked alginate/silica/zinc oxide nanocomposite: a sustainable material with antibacterial properties. Compos. Commun. 2018, 7, 7–11.10.1016/j.coco.2017.11.006Search in Google Scholar

31. Zhang, Y., Nayak, T. R, Hong, H., Cai, W. Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials. Curr. Mol. Med. 2013, 13, 1633–1645.10.2174/1566524013666131111130058Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

32. Wang, C., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Shi, J., Zhao, Y., He, M., Ding, L. Bio-polyols based waterborne polyurethane coatings reinforced with chitosan-modified ZnO nanoparticles. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022, 208, 97–104.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.066Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Dabhane, H., Zate, M., Bharsat, R., Jadhav, G., Medhane, V. A novel bio-fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles using cow urine and study of their photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2021, 134, 108984.10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108984Search in Google Scholar

34. Matin, A., Farajzadeh, M., Jouyban, A. A simple spectrophotometric method for determination of sodium diclofenac in pharmaceutical formulations. Il Farmaco 2005, 60, 855–858.10.1016/j.farmac.2005.05.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed

35. Davachi, S. M., Shekarabi, A. S. Preparation and characterization of antibacterial, eco-friendly edible nanocomposite films containing Salvia macrosiphon and nanoclay. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018, 113, 66–72.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.106Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. Yavarpanah, S., Seyfi, J., Davachi, S. M., Hejazi, I., Khonakdar, H. A. Evaluating the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on morphology, thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of multicomponent blend systems based on polylactic acid/Starch/Polycaprolactone. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 2019, 25, E83–E90.10.1002/vnl.21647Search in Google Scholar

37. Hemalatha, K., Rukmani, K., Suriyamurthy, N., Nagabhushana, B. Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of hybrid PVA–ZnO nanocomposite: a composition dependent study. Mater. Res. Bull. 2014, 51, 438–446.10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.12.055Search in Google Scholar

38. Kandulna, R., Choudhary, R. Concentration-dependent behaviors of ZnO-reinforced PVA–ZnO nanocomposites as electron transport materials for OLED application. Polym. Bull. 2018, 75, 3089–3107.10.1007/s00289-017-2186-9Search in Google Scholar

39. Jafari, M., Davachi, S. M., Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, J., Pouresmaeel-Selakjani, P. Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposites based on benzylated wheat straw and nanoclay. J. Polym. Environ. 2018, 26, 913–925.10.1007/s10924-017-0997-2Search in Google Scholar

40. Chaturvedi, A., Bajpai, A. K., Bajpai, J., Singh, S. K. Evaluation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based cryogel–zinc oxide nanocomposites for possible applications as wound dressing materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2016, 65, 408–418.10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.054Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Hong, K.-M., Kim, M.-S., Chung, J. G. Adsorption characteristics of Ni (II) on γ-type alumina particles and its determination of overall adsorption rate by a differential bed reactor. Chemosphere 2004, 54, 927–934.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.036Search in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Costa, P., Lobo, J. M. S. Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2001, 13, 123–133.10.1016/S0928-0987(01)00095-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed

43. Davachi, S. M., Kaffashi, B., Torabinejad, B., Zamanian, A. In-vitro investigation and hydrolytic degradation of antibacterial nanocomposites based on PLLA/triclosan/nano-hydroxyapatite. Polymer 2016, 83, 101–110.10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.015Search in Google Scholar

44. Liu, T.-Y., Hu, S.-H., Liu, K.-H., Liu, D.-M., Chen, S.-Y. Study on controlled drug permeation of magnetic-sensitive ferrogels: effect of Fe3O4 and PVA. J. Control. Release 2008, 126, 228–236.10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

45. Dejen, K. D., Zereffa, E. A., Murthy, H. A., Merga, A. Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/PVA nanocomposite using aqueous Moringa oleifeira leaf extract template: antibacterial and electrochemical activities. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2020, 59, 464–476.10.1515/rams-2020-0021Search in Google Scholar

46. Peidayesh, H., Heydari, A., Mosnáčková, K., Chodák, I. In situ dual crosslinking strategy to improve the physico-chemical properties of thermoplastic starch. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021, 269, 118250.10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118250Search in Google Scholar PubMed

47. Peidayesh, H., Ahmadi, Z., Khonakdar, H. A., Abdouss, M., Chodák, I. Fabrication and properties of thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite composite using dialdehyde starch as a crosslinker. Polym. Int. 2020, 69, 317–327.10.1002/pi.5955Search in Google Scholar

48. Peidayesh, H., Mosnáčková, K., Špitalský, Z., Heydari, A., Šišková, A. O., Chodák, I. Thermoplastic starch–based composite reinforced by conductive filler networks: physical properties and electrical conductivity changes during cyclic deformation. Polymers 2021, 13, 3819.10.3390/polym13213819Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

49. Yang, X., Liu, Q., Chen, X., Yu, F., Zhu, Z. Investigation of PVA/ws-chitosan hydrogels prepared by combined γ-irradiation and freeze-thawing. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 73, 401–408.10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.12.008Search in Google Scholar

50. Jain, D., Carvalho, E., Banthia, A. K., Banerjee, R. Development of polyvinyl alcohol–gelatin membranes for antibiotic delivery in the eye. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2011, 37, 167–177.10.3109/03639045.2010.502533Search in Google Scholar PubMed

51. Qureshi, D., Pattanaik, S., Mohanty, B., Anis, A., Kulikouskaya, V., Hileuskaya, K., Agabekov, V., Sarkar, P., Maji, S., Pal, K. Preparation of novel poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan lactate-based phase-separated composite films for UV-shielding and drug delivery applications. Polym. Bull. 2021, 1–38.10.1007/s00289-021-03653-6Search in Google Scholar

52. Siozou, E., Sakkas, V., Kourkoumelis, N. Quantification and classification of diclofenac sodium content in dispersed commercially available tablets by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 440.10.3390/ph14050440Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

53. Da Silva, T., Martins, J., da Silva Junior, A., Gimenes, M., Vieira, M., Da Silva, M. Evaluation of incorporation of diclofenac sodium in dried sericin-alginate particles prepared by ionic gelation technique. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2015, 43, 829–834.Search in Google Scholar

54. Nagaraju, G., Prashanth, S., Shastri, M., Yathish, K., Anupama, C., Rangappa, D. Electrochemical heavy metal detection, photocatalytic, photoluminescence, biodiesel production and antibacterial activities of Ag–ZnO nanomaterial. Mater. Res. Bull. 2017, 94, 54–63.10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.05.043Search in Google Scholar

55. Li, J., Zhang, Q., Xu, M., Wu, C., Li, P. Antimicrobial efficacy and cell adhesion inhibition of in situ synthesized ZnO nanoparticles/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes. Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. 2016, 2016, 1–9.10.1155/2016/6394124Search in Google Scholar

56. Pal, K., Banthia, A., Majumdar, D. K. Polymeric hydrogels: characterization and biomedical applications. Des. Monomers Polym. 2009, 12, 197–220.10.1163/156855509X436030Search in Google Scholar

57. Chiellini, E., Corti, A., D’Antone, S., Solaro, R. Biodegradation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 963–1014.10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00149-1Search in Google Scholar

Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2023-0011).

Received: 2023-01-10
Accepted: 2023-05-29
Published Online: 2023-06-15
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Material Properties
  3. The degradation behaviors of optical cellulose triacetate films in alkali/acid solutions
  4. Exploration of dielectric spectra of variously synthesized epoxy/ZnO nanocomposites
  5. Preparation and Assembly
  6. Preparation and evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a drug controlled release agent for a hydrophilic drug
  7. PVA-borax/g-C3N4 nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent mechanical property and self-healing efficiency
  8. Fabrication and characterization of microencapsulated dimethyl adipate phase change material with melamine-formaldehyde shell for cold thermal energy storage in coating
  9. Preparation and performance of “three-layer sandwich” composite loose nanofiltration membrane based on mussel bionic technology
  10. Engineering and Processing
  11. Electrospinning and electrospun based polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers utilized as filters and sensors in the real world
  12. Synergistic effect of GMA and TMPTA as co-agent to adjust the branching structure of PLLA during UV-induced reactive extrusion
https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2023-0011
Keywords for this article
drug release; nanocomposite hydrogel; polyvinyl alcohol

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Material Properties
  3. The degradation behaviors of optical cellulose triacetate films in alkali/acid solutions
  4. Exploration of dielectric spectra of variously synthesized epoxy/ZnO nanocomposites
  5. Preparation and Assembly
  6. Preparation and evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a drug controlled release agent for a hydrophilic drug
  7. PVA-borax/g-C3N4 nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent mechanical property and self-healing efficiency
  8. Fabrication and characterization of microencapsulated dimethyl adipate phase change material with melamine-formaldehyde shell for cold thermal energy storage in coating
  9. Preparation and performance of “three-layer sandwich” composite loose nanofiltration membrane based on mussel bionic technology
  10. Engineering and Processing
  11. Electrospinning and electrospun based polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers utilized as filters and sensors in the real world
  12. Synergistic effect of GMA and TMPTA as co-agent to adjust the branching structure of PLLA during UV-induced reactive extrusion
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 22.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/polyeng-2023-0011/html
Scroll to top button